RU2083132C1 - Method of fodder making - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, fodder making. SUBSTANCE: vegetable raw is milled and subjected for two-step chemical-mechanical treatment. At the first two stages raw is treated with 1-10% sodium hydroxide solution, at the third stage - with 1-10% hydrochloric acid solution, at the fourth stage - with 1-10% ammonium sulfate solution. After each stage of chemical treatment the raw is subjected for mechanical treatment by run-off. EFFECT: improved method of fodder making. 9 cl, 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in livestock complexes and farms in feed production in the preparation and storage of feed from waste plant materials.

 Cereal straw and other plant waste are of low nutritional value and consist mainly of fiber, which is a complex polymer, which makes it difficult to digest. The task is to bring this fiber to a digestible feed. Pure fiber is well absorbed by cattle.

A known method of processing roughage by hydrolysis of straw in an acidic environment after enzymatic enrichment of the mass of fodder yeast [1]
A known method of preparation of feed, involving the grinding of plant materials, the introduction of feed additives, bringing the mixture to 39-41 ^o C and keeping at this temperature for 3 hours. Then, yeast is carried out, followed by steaming at 90-100 ^o C for 20-30 minutes [2]
The disadvantages of these methods are their complexity, the high cost of the resulting feed, due to the use of expensive components, which themselves are nutritional supplements, in addition, energy-intensive methods.

The closest of the analogues is the method of preparation of feed, including the ammonization of plant materials with anhydrous ammonia with simultaneous heat exposure in a sealed chamber, followed by removal of excess ammonia [3]
The disadvantages of the method include its harmfulness, since ammonia is used. The method is environmentally dirty and, in addition, energy-intensive, since steam is used.

 The objective of the invention is to develop a universal cheap environmentally friendly method of processing waste plant materials in order to obtain nutritious feed.

 To solve this problem, the crushed waste of plant materials is subjected to a phased chemical-mechanical treatment. In the first two stages, chemical treatment is carried out with a 1-10% sodium hydroxide solution. In the third stage, the raw material is treated with a 1-10% solution of hydrochloric acid, in the fourth 1-10% solution of ammonium sulfate. Moreover, after each stage of chemical processing, the raw materials are machined by stack. Then the raw material is dried, and then crushed to obtain flour or granules.

The fifth stage of chemical processing of raw materials is possible. To do this, it is immersed in a solution of 0.5-1% hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 30-35 ^o C in dynamics. After the stack, the resulting feed is fed to cattle, and drying is not carried out.

 At the first stage of chemical treatment during hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide, cellulose swells and lignin breaks down, because, being in the shell of inter-micellar gaps, it does not enter into physical connection with fiber. After the stack, the raw materials are again immersed in a sodium hydroxide solution. The concentration of the solution may be less than in the first stage, since a more complete destruction occurs, followed by leaching of lignin from the raw material. After the liquid stack in the third stage, the raw materials are immersed in a solution of hydrochloric acid to neutralize and hydrolyze cellulose and hemocellulose with saturation with mineral salts. At the fourth stage, after the liquid stack, immersion in a solution of ammonium sulfate implements hydrolysis of the feedstock with its saturation with nitrogen and salting out of the proteins in a slightly acidic medium. All stages of chemical-mechanical processing are carried out in vivo at positive temperature. At the fifth stage, the resulting feed is acidified (pH 2-3), and a slightly elevated temperature gives it taste.

 For the preparation of feed use containers coated with a material resistant to slightly acidic solutions, for example, tanks coated with vinyl plastic.

 Example 1. 200 kg of barley straw is crushed to ISK 3 to particles 10-15 mm long, placed in a stainless steel mesh container with 2-3 mm cells and placed in a vat with a 4% sodium hydroxide solution until the container with raw materials is completely submerged . Using a crane beam with a lifting capacity of 5 tons, the container with raw materials is removed after 10 minutes. After the liquid stack, the container with the raw materials is placed in the second tank, the same as the first, but with a 1% sodium hydroxide solution, pouring the container with the raw materials until complete immersion, and incubated for 10 minutes. The container is lifted with a crane beam, the raw materials are allowed to drain and immersed again in the vat, proceeding to the third stage. Hydrolysis is carried out with a 6% hydrochloric acid solution for 10 minutes. The container is lifted by a crane beam, the raw material drains, and for the saturation with nitrogen and salting out of the proteins, they proceed to the fourth stage. In a tank with a 6% solution of ammonium sulfate, a container with raw materials is placed until completely immersed. After 10 minutes, the container is lifted by a crane-beam, the raw materials drain.

If the feed is being prepared, then after the fourth stage, the feed is driven through ABM 1.5, the temperature of which provides no more than +60 ^o С at the outlet of the obtained feed. Then granulate, obtaining granules with a moisture content of 12% with a pH of 2.

If, after the fourth stage, the feed goes for direct feeding to cattle, then the container with the feed can be kept in the fifth tank with a 1% solution of hydrochloric acid for 10 min at 35 ^° C and sparging the solution with air pumped by a VK-6 compressor. Saturated with mineral salts, the feed after the stack is fed to animals and has a pH of 2.5.

 Similarly, barley straw was processed at various concentrations of solutions at each of the four stages.

 The data of examples 1-3 are given in table 1.

 As it was established as a result of experiments, starting from one-percent concentration of solutions at all stages, the processed raw material improves its taste and nutritional characteristics (see example 2). If the concentration of the solutions reached 10%, then the resulting feed is less nutritious (see example 3 and the note to table 1). The most favorable conditions are the concentration of solutions at all stages from 1 to 10%. In this selected concentration range, studies of feed obtained from other waste plant materials were carried out.

 Example 4. 200 kg of sunflower husk is placed in a mesh container made of stainless mesh with 2-3 mm cells and begin to carry out a four-stage chemical-mechanical processing of raw materials as described in example 1, changing only the concentration of the solutions. At the first stage, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 5%; at the second stage, 2%; at the third concentration of hydrochloric acid solution is 7%; at the fourth stage, the raw materials are treated with a 9% solution of ammonium sulfate. The results of a chemical study obtained after drying the feed are given in table.2.

 Analogously to example 1, experiments were conducted with other waste plant materials. The results of a chemical study of the obtained feed on absorbable nitrogen and crude protein are given in table 3 after drying.

 As can be seen from the above data (table 3), the proposed method is more versatile, since you can use a variety of inexpensive waste plant materials, while receiving nutritious feed rich in protein, nitrogen and mineral salts. The concentrations of chemicals used in this process are safe and easily neutralized, which ensures the safety of the method and its environmental friendliness.

Claims (9)

 1. The method of preparation of feed, including the grinding of waste plant materials, its chemical-mechanical processing, drying, characterized in that the chemical processing of the crushed raw materials is carried out in four stages, in the first two stages it is treated with 1 10% sodium hydroxide solution, then 1 10% solution of hydrochloric acid and complete the chemical treatment with 1 10% solution of ammonium sulfate, after each treatment provide a mechanical stack of the corresponding solution. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the mechanical stack of ammonium sulfate, the raw materials are additionally treated with 0.5 1.0% hydrochloric acid solution at 30 35 ^o With obtaining the finished product.  3. The method according to each of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that rice straw is used as a waste of plant materials.  4. The method according to each of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that wheat straw is used as a waste of plant materials.  5. The method according to each of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that barley straw is used as a waste of plant materials.  6. The method according to each of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that hay is used as a waste of plant materials.  7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that beet pulp is used as a waste of plant materials.  8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a waste of plant materials use husk of sunflower.  9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the food obtained after drying is crushed or granulated.

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