RU2082445C1 - Method and device to predict and treat pneumothorax - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, diagnostics. SUBSTANCE: diagnostical puncture and microdrainage of pleura cavity should be conducted by using not rigid tube with several lateral openings at its internal end and reverse valve at its external one performed as a body with tense elastic membrane partially fixed from the one side of its edges. Valve enables to evaluate the type of pneumothorax according to sound signal duration. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, in particular, to methods and devices for diagnosing and treating wounded and patients with pneumothorax of various origins, and can also be used in patients with pneumothorax, insolvency of the bronchus stump and lung tissue after partial resection of the lung.

 a There are various methods and devices for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax: evaluation of the clinical data of acute respiratory and heart failure; examination, palpation and percussion of the patient; chest x-ray, puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity, etc. / Handbook of emergency surgery. Edited by V.G. Astapenko, Minsk, Belarus, 1985, 479 s).

 As the closest analogue selected device according to the patent of Germany N 3421170, class. A 61 M 27/00, 1985, similar in purpose to the declared, and the method of its use. The device is made in the form of a drainage tube with side openings on the working end and a check valve on the other. The valve is placed in a tubular body fixed relative to the drainage tube.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the diagnostic puncture and microdrainage of the pleural cavity is carried out with spontaneous or traumatic pneumothorax with a non-rigid tube with several lateral openings on the inner end and a valve in the form of a stretched elastic membrane, which at the moment of air exit from the pleural cavity emits a sound signal on the outer the end. The valve provides relief from the pleural cavity and prevents its reverse movement.

 The method used fixed to the skin non-rigid drainage tube, which, unlike the metal needle of the prototype excludes the possibility of damage to the lung and displacement into the soft tissue of the chest. The second difference is that the valve is used in the form of an elastic membrane stretched at the outlet, capable of sound vibrations during air discharge. The sound signals the presence of pneumothorax and makes it possible to estimate the amount of air leaving the pleural cavity, which is excluded when using the prototype. By the duration of the sound signal, you can set the type of pneumothorax. So, with closed pneumothorax, the amount of air leaving the pleural cavity and the duration of the periodically occurring sound signal are gradually reduced. With open pneumothorax, the amount of air and the duration of a periodically occurring signal are constant. With valve and tension pneumothorax, a continuous signal appears at the beginning, followed by an intermittent signal of the same duration, but longer with coughing and straining. The basic principle of treating pneumothorax is the earlier and complete expansion of a collapsed lung. In combination with the data of a physical examination and the results of an audio signal with high accuracy, it is possible to establish the pace and nature of spreading of a collapsed lung even without an X-ray examination.

The device (Fig. 1) consists of a drainage tube 1 and a valve-audible warning device 2. Drainage tube 1 is made of non-rigid material (fluoro plastic, PVC, etc.). Several lateral ones are made at one end (intrapleural) near the end opening. The tube is made in such a way that when it is bent by 90 ^° or more, its inner channel does not narrow. The audible alarm valve 2 consists of a housing 3 and a membrane 4. The housing 3 is a rigid tube, one end of which is hermetically connected to the outer end and the pleural drain hole, the membrane 4 is stretched. The membrane 4 is made of an elastic material (eg rubber), covers the outlet of the casing 3. The edge of the stretched membrane 4 is fixed to the casing 3 not partially, but partially. This allows air to escape from the drainage tube 1 and eliminates the possibility of its reverse movement. The membrane tension is adjusted so that its sound vibrations occur at the moment of air exit.

 The operation of the device.

 With pneumothorax, air from the pleural cavity through the drainage tube 1 introduced into it enters the valve body 3 of the buzzer 2, raises the free edge of the membrane 4 stretched at its output end and enters the atmosphere. When the membrane 4 oscillates at the moment of air exit, sound vibrations occur. When the flow of air from the pleural cavity stops, the membrane prevents the reverse movement of air.

 The invention provides: eliminating the possibility of damage to the lung and displacement of the proposed device into the soft tissues of the chest, the alarm valve allows you to estimate the amount of air leaving the pleural cavity and diagnose the type of pneumothorax, unidirectional air discharge allows you to effectively carry out treatment.

Claims (2)

 1. A method for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax by valve drainage of the pleural cavity, characterized in that the type of pneumothorax is determined in accordance with the frequency of the sound signal that occurs when air leaves the pleural cavity through the valve.  2. Device for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax, containing a tube with a check valve at the outer end, characterized in that the valve is made in the form of a housing with a locking element in the form of a strained elastic membrane, partially fixed from one of the ends of the housing.