RU2081481C1 - Frequency-selective shf matrix - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, radio communication, radiolocation, radio counter measures where multichannel SHF frequency selective systems are required. SUBSTANCE: frequency-selective SHF matrix has multichannel splitter, channel filters-multiplexers. In the capacity of channel filters there are used filters with comb amplitude-frequency characteristic (comb filters) on multifrequency resonators based on sections of long line short-circuited on butts, for instance, waveguide which transmission bands repeat in band F of matrix after frequency intervals and form m columns and n lines of matrix. Arrangement of transmission bands of comb filters of lines and columns is realized so that they overlap input band F differing from each other as a minimum by transmission band Δf_o. Elements coupling columns and lines are brought out from corresponding short-circuits multiple of integral number of half-waves of transmission band common for intersection of line and column. EFFECT: increased number of selection channels and decreased transition losses. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to radio engineering and can be used in broadband microwave technology (microwave), which requires frequency-selective microwave systems (NES) with a large number of frequency selection channels (N> 100) (radio receivers and radio transmitting radio communication devices, radar, radio reconnaissance, radio countermeasures )

 Traditional microwave NUMBs are known, representing a set of N band-pass microwave filters combined at the output, Δf = F / N end-to-end overlapping the input frequency band F and dividing the latter into N frequency bands.

As a prototype of the proposal, the microwave waveguide NUMP shown in FIG. 4, in which a number of multiplexers are combined using an input channel splitter 1, in each of which a series of band-pass filters Δf _o are combined using a phased splitter 7 so that the input range F is blocked by N = F / Δf _o channels with microwave filters [1]
The main disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively small number of selection channels (N <100), caused by the use of bulky traditional microwave filters on half-wave resonators and the limited number of possible simultaneously phased in the multiplexer waveguide bandpass filters. In addition, such Numbers have large transient losses caused by the use of a phasing splitter in the multiplexer.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the number of selection channels and reduce transient losses.

 To achieve this goal, a microwave frequency-selective matrix is proposed, comprising a multichannel splitter, channel multiplexer filters.

According to the proposal, filters with a comb amplitude-frequency characteristic (comb filters) on multi-frequency resonators made on shorted ends of a long line, for example, a waveguide, transparency bands which are repeated in the band of device F at frequency intervals and are used as channel filter multiplexers, are used among themselves m columns and n rows connected through matrix communication elements, and the arrangement of transparency bands of comb filters of rows and columns is performed as To together they overlap the entrance strip F, and a varied between at least one band Δf _o comb filter, wherein the connecting elements between the rows and columns are installed on the respective short-circuiting an integer multiple of half-wavelengths common to the row and column intersection passband.

 The combination of distinctive features and properties of the proposed matrix from the literature is not known, therefore, it meets the criteria of novelty and inventive step.

 In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the matrix; in FIG. 2 - a mathematical model of the matrix and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of rows and columns; in FIG. 3 photos of the layout of the matrix; in FIG. 4 scheme of a traditional Numerical multiplexer.

The proposed matrix contains an n-channel splitter 1 ₁ k, the outputs of which are connected instead of traditional multiplexers, m-channel filters with comb amplitude-frequency characteristics (comb filters) 2 ₁ 2 _n , the transparency bands of which Δf _{o are} repeated in the band of the device F through Δf ₁ = F / n ..

The comb filters 2 ₁ 2 _{n are} made on the multi-frequency resonator in the form of a long line, for example, a waveguide shorted from the ends. The group of comb filters 2 ₁ 2 _n make up the rows of the matrix. The columns of the matrix are created by another group of comb filters 3 ₁ - 3 _m , the arrangement of the transparency bands of which Δf ₂ = Δf ₁ ± Δf _o differs from Δf _{1 by} at least one transparency band Δf _{o The} columns and rows of the matrix are interconnected via communication elements 4 ₁ 4 _mn , for example, along a wide waveguide wall. Communication elements 4i are installed from the shorts of the comb filters at a distance multiple of an integer number of half-waves of the common transparency band.

выполненные, например, в виде емкостных щелей связи.In one of the short circuits of the waveguide of comb filters of rows and columns, respectively, the elements of communication of input and output of energy are installed

made, for example, in the form of capacitive communication slots.

используемые при регулировке расстановки начальных полос прозрачностей гребенчатых фильтров.In opposite short circuits of comb filters of rows and columns, movable short circuits are respectively installed.

used in adjusting the arrangement of the initial transparency bands of comb filters.

The essence of comb filter comb into a microwave matrix is illustrated in FIG. 2, where the formation of rows and columns is represented by a mathematical model made up of relays. band-pass filters (Fig. 2A) Ф ₁ ^o C Ф _mn , each per band Δf _o and the average tuning frequency f ₁ ; f ₂ ; f ₃ .f _n .f _mn (hereinafter, we simply denote the filters in Fig. 2 by the numbers 1, 2, 3.m, n). A mathematical matrix (Fig. 2b) is compiled from the indicated series of band-pass filters, the horizontal shoulders (lines) of which are comb filters with a period of following the transparency bands at intervals Δf ₁ = F / n where n is the number of lines. Each line contains m transparency bands, and all lines overlap the input strip F with bands Δf _o = F / mn, i.e.

На фиг. 2б изображена матрица с N=mn=48 каналов с тем, чтобы на конкретном примере нагляднее была видна схема объединения каналов в строки и столбцы.

In FIG. Figure 2b shows a matrix with N = mn = 48 channels, so that in a specific example the scheme of combining channels into rows and columns is more clearly visible.

.It is somewhat more difficult to synthesize (isolate) ridge column filters from this matrix. In FIG. 2d, this matrix was rewritten (the arrangement of the bands was changed by combining the channels with oblique lines) so that the columns were combined into columns, each column being different from the row by one transparency band Δf _o i.e. transparency stripe period

.

In the FIG. 2d example of a matrix, the combination of filters in columns is implemented according to the variant Δf ₂ = Δf _o (n + 1) To implement the variant Δf ₂ = Δf _o (n-1), the slope of the diagonals of the filter combination should be changed to 90 ^o .

 In FIG. 2c and 2d, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of row and column filters are shown on the frequency axis.

The proposed device operates as follows. For a better understanding of the necessity of the process of working with a microwave matrix, its operation as a part of a microwave switching device is described below when any of the N = mn transparency bands, for example, f ₃₂ , is allocated from a wide band F.

 To do this, imagine that the input splitter 1 is made in the form of an n-channel splitter-switch.

A similar m-channel adder-output switch 1 _{2 is} shown in FIG. 1 by a dotted line, as not being part of the invention.

When unlocking one channel of a row (for example, the 2nd row) and a channel of a column (for example, 3 column), a transparent transparency band Δf _o is formed between the input and output of the matrix at a frequency f ₃₂ . In the proposed matrix, each comb filter, for example, a row is actually an m channel multiplexer, however, it differs from traditional waveguide multiplexers containing filters and phasing splitters 7 ₁ - 7 _m (Fig. 4) in that there are no separate waveguide bandpass filters in the comb filter and a phasing splitter. The comb filter performs both the function of filters and a phasing splitter, and as a result, the problems associated with the possible maximum number of filters to be combined, as well as losses due to phasing of channels, disappear.

 In a comb filter, it is possible to combine a significantly large number of channels, which is problematic for a traditional multiplexer. If the comb filter is an m channel multiplexer, then the matrix combining m • n of such filters is also a multiplexer with the number of m • n channels (hundreds of channels). All of the above makes it possible to ensure at least an order of magnitude gain in the number of selection channels with relatively low transient losses (units dB). Structurally, the matrix is a wave lattice, which, with a significantly larger number of selection channels (hundreds of channels), has relatively small weights, which are significantly less than when implementing a traditional CSR with similar characteristics.

The proposed device in comparison with the prototype has the following technical and economic advantages:
significantly larger (several times) the number of selection channels (several hundred in the proposal instead of tens in the prototype);
Significantly lower transient losses with a simultaneously larger number of channels;
allows you to implement narrower selection bands due to the higher quality factor of multiwave microwave resonators in comparison with half-wave resonators-links of traditional microwave filters combined into multiplexers;
greater adaptability of adjustment work, when it is enough to arrange in the frequency band F only the first transparency bands of comb filters of rows and columns, and not difficult to adjust, interconnecting all channel band-pass filters of traditional Numbers;
smaller comparable weights and dimensions (with the same number of selection channels).

At the Rostov Research Institute of Radio Communications, a microwave matrix model was created in the range of 8.3 ^o C10.3 GHz, containing 16 columns and 16 rows with comb filters with a channel width Δf _o = 10 MHz and the number of channels N = 192, which confirmed the main advantages of the proposal.

 In FIG. 3 shows a photo of the layout of this matrix. And although this layout does not fully correspond to the proposal and is even somewhat complicated by the presence of transition (mn) resonators between rows and columns and the presence of comb filters of only rows, however, while the layout of the proposed matrix is not available, we can indirectly judge both the reality of the proposal and and approximate dimensions (weight) NUM.

Claims (1)

Frequency-selective microwave matrix containing a multi-channel splitter, channel filters-multiplexers, characterized in that the filters used are channel filters with a comb amplitude-frequency characteristic performed on shorted ends of the waveguide, the transparency bands of which are repeated in the device band at frequency intervals and form among themselves n rows and m columns of the matrix connected through communication elements, moreover, the arrangement of transparency bands of filters with a comb amplitude-h -frequency characteristic of the rows and columns arranged so that they overlap the entrance lane F, and together vary, at least, one transmission band Δf _o filter comb amplitude-frequency characteristic, wherein the connecting elements between the rows and columns are installed on the respective short-circuiting a multiple integer the number of half-waves common to the intersection of the row and column of the transparency bar.

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