RU2079548C1 - Lubricating composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lubricating oils. SUBSTANCE: composition contains 0.1-0.5 weight parts of organophosphorus surfactant of general formula I (presented in description) and hydrocarbon oil. Additive may find use as component of motor, transmission, and industrial oils. EFFECT: widened variety of oil components. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of polymer chemistry, in particular to the development of a lubricating composition.

 The proposed lubricating composition may find application as motor, transmission, industrial oils, etc.

 The required level of tribological (lubricating, anti-wear, extreme pressure) properties of motor and transmission lubricating oils in a number of cases can be achieved only by adding anti-wear additives (organic compounds containing chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and nitrogen) to them. Recently, the possibility of increasing the level of the tribotechnical properties of lubricants using organofluorine compounds has been studied.

 For example, a known lubricant composition in the form of thermally degraded polytetrafluoroethylene introduced into a lubricating oil [1] Its disadvantages are low durability due to the phenomenon of sedimentation, low adhesive strength on hard friction surfaces. In addition, such a composition cannot be used in systems with filtration or oil purification by centrifugation, since polytetrafluoroethylene particles tend to agglomerate.

Known lubricant compositions based on hydrocarbon (petroleum) oil and organofluorine compounds of the general formulas [2, 3]
CF ₃ - (CF ₂ ) _n-1 - (CHR ² ) _m -NR ¹ Z or
CnF _{2n + 1} —CF = CR ² —CHR ² —NR ¹ Z or mixtures thereof,
where n = 1-20; R ² = H, C _m H _{2m + 1} (m = 1-6); Z, R ¹ = H, C _m H _{2m + 1} (m = 1-6); C ₆ H ₅ , cycloalkyl containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, —CH ₂ —CHOHR. However, these compositions can only be used in conjunction with a dispersing component, which adversely affects their ability to reduce wear.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed technical solution is a lubricant composition containing a fluorographic surfactant and hydrocarbon oil (prototype) [4] Moreover, it contains one of the compounds of the general formula as an organofluorine surfactant:
Cl (CF ₂ CFCl) _n CF ₂ -COOH,
F (CF ₂ ) _m —COOH,
where n = 1-4, m = 3-9.

 The disadvantage of this lubricating composition is not a high level of antiwear properties.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the antiwear properties of the lubricating composition.

 The basis of the invention is the task of creating such a lubricating composition that would have high performance properties (anti-wear and anti-corrosion).

,

где n, m 6 20, r 0 10;
A COX, -SO₂X, -C₆H₄ SO₂X,
где X -Z-R-Z',
где R двухвалентный алифатический радикал с числом атомов углерода 14 или более; Z -NR²-(CH₂)_n NR¹C(O)-, -O•NR³R⁴H- (CH₂)_n NR¹-C(O)-;

Z' -C(O)-R⁵,
где R⁵ -CH₃, -NR²-(CH₂)_n - NR³R⁴,
R¹, R², R³, R⁴ -H или одновалентный алифатический радикал с числом атомов углерода от 1 до 6; n 1 6,
при следующем соотношении компонентов в мас.The goal and objective are solved in that the lubricating composition comprising an organofluorine surfactant and a hydrocarbon oil according to the invention contains one of the compounds of the general formula (1) as an organofluorine surfactant;

,

where n, m 6 20, r 0 10;
A COX, -SO ₂ X, -C ₆ H ₄ SO ₂ X,
where X is -ZR-Z ',
where R is a divalent aliphatic radical with a carbon number of 14 or more; Z —NR ² - (CH ₂ ) _n NR ¹ C (O) -, —O • NR ³ R ⁴ H- (CH ₂ ) _n NR ¹ —C (O) -;

Z'-C (O) -R ⁵ ,
where R ⁵ -CH ₃ , -NR ² - (CH ₂ ) _n - NR ³ R ⁴ ,
R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ -H or a monovalent aliphatic radical with the number of carbon atoms from 1 to 6; n 1 6,
in the following ratio of components in wt.

organofluorine surfactant of the general formula 1 0.1 - 0.5
hydrocarbon oil rest
The proposed composition is obtained by mixing the components.

Fluorine-containing compounds of formula (1) are neutral (pH ≈ 7), viscous products of brown color with a density of 1750 1860 kg / m ³ . They are prepared by various conventional methods, including the condensation of fluorohydrides of the corresponding acids or the acids themselves with primary, secondary or tertiary amines in the absence or presence of fluorides of alkaline or alkaline earth elements; or aluminum fluoride, or metal carbonates or bicarbonates [2 11]
Any hydrocarbon oil (aviation, synthetic, etc.) can be used as a hydrocarbon oil.

 When the content of the organofluorine surfactant of the general formula (1) in the proposed lubricating composition is less than 0.1 wt. the anti-wear effect of the lubricant composition is reduced, and when the content of organofluorine surfactant is greater than 0.5 wt. its consumption is excessively increased with a slight improvement in the antiwear properties of the composition.

 The proposed lubricating composition provides a layer of chemisorbed molecules on solid friction surfaces, which changes the energy state (reduces free energy) of the surface. The resulting film on the contact surface of the contacting metal parts allows to reduce the coefficient of friction, wear of friction units and loss of friction power. Due to the chemisorbed film on metal surfaces, the catalytic activity of metals is suppressed and, as a result, the consumption of the lubricant composition is reduced, the processes of destruction, oxidation, polymerization of hydrocarbons that make up the base of the lubricating oil are eliminated or significantly slowed down.

The proposed lubricating composition (based on MS-20 oil 99.5 wt.) Is able to inhibit corrosion of metal surfaces with a 3.0% aqueous solution of sodium chloride (5.0 wt. Hours), temperature +40 ^o C, time to the appearance of corrosion: steel 10> 45 days, oil without additives under the same conditions for less than a day (table. 1).

 An important advantage of the proposed lubricating composition is its non-toxicity (4 cells. Danger) and availability.

The proposed lubricant composition may find application in the following areas:
in internal combustion engines (carburetor and diesel);
in gearboxes, gearboxes, drive axles, transfer gearboxes;
in the steering gear;
for agricultural machinery (tractors, combines);
in friction units of steam and gas turbines and turbocompressors with forced supply of liquid lubricant;
in friction nodes of steering machines of sea and river vessels,
in friction units of ammonia and air refrigerating machines, etc.

 for lubricating the caliper and guiding machines, hydraulic accumulators of hydraulic motors and other hydraulic systems, separators, gears, etc.

 for lubrication of cylinders, valves, compression chambers of reciprocating and rotary compressors.

 For a better understanding of the present invention, the following specific examples of its implementation are given that are not intended to be exhaustive.

 The formulation of the proposed lubricant composition are presented in table 1.

The anti-wear properties of the proposed lubricant composition were determined on a standard SMT-1 friction machine according to the “fixed disk-moving disk” friction scheme (in accordance with GOST 11613-65). The samples subjected to wear are made of steel grade X18H9T, the tests were carried out at a linear speed of movement of the samples V 0.15 m / s and a load of 15 kG / cm ² . As a criterion for assessing wear resistance, the time taken to achieve wear of the contacting surfaces of 0.13 mm was taken. The relative wear resistance is defined as the ratio of the wear time of the contacting surfaces to 0.13 mm coated with a lubricating oil containing a fluorine-containing additive and without an additive. The hydrocarbon oil used was MC-20 petroleum oil and MAS-35 synthetic alkylnaphthalene oil.

 Data on the results of tests of relative wear resistance are presented in table 2.

 As follows from table 2, the use of the proposed lubricant composition provides the formation on the contact surfaces of a durable antifriction modifying layer, which helps to increase the wear resistance of the friction surface by 10 30% compared with the known composition, which allows to extend the service life of machine units and mechanisms and significantly simplify their operation .

Sources of information
1. British patent N 1074768, NKI SZR, publ. 1966.

2. Pat PCT / Fr83 / 00017, publ. 01.21.83, priority 01.22.82, C 10 M 1/32
3. French Patent N 2250377, publ. 01/22/83, C 10 M 1/32, 3/00
4. US patent N 3565926. Salts of amines and perhalogen-containing monobasic acids, C 09 F 7/00, NKI 260-404, 23.02.71.

 5. Japanese application laid out N 61-254697, C 10 b 169/04, C 09 K 3/10, H01 G 1/12, publ. 1986. Haruyuki Tatsu. Compositions used for sealing, as a lubricant and for other purposes, containing a perfluoropolyether compound, a fluorine-containing surfactant and powdered metals, metal oxide or metal sulfide.

 6. Pat. U.S. N 3847978, C 07 C 59/22, NCI 260/535. Perfluorinated linear polyethers having reactive terminal groups at both ends of the chain and process for the preparation thereof. Sianesi D. Caporiccio G. N 834486, claimed 12/26/68, publ. 06/18/69.

 7. Pat. U.S. N 4085137, C 07 C 103/147, NKI 260-561 HL. Poly (perfluoroakylene oxide) derivatives. Mitsch R.A. Zollinger J.L.M. Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. N 373200, declared. 06/25/73, publ. 04/18/78.

 8. UK patent N 1373931, C 08 G 23/20; B 32 B 27/08, 27/32, C 10 M 3/26, 3/30. Poly (perfluoroalkylene oxide) derivatives. Minnesota Mining Manufacturing Co. USA, priority 08.09.70, N 41752/71, declared. 09/07/71, publ. 11/13/74.

 9. Japanese application N 60-173096. Fluoride lubricant. Ono Yusuke, Odoshi Yukio, Idaumitani Keidairo; Asahi Garasu K.K. declared 02.17.84, N 59-26950, publ. 6.09.85. C 10 M 105/50, C 10 M 105/68.

 10. Japanese application N 63-208561. Fluorine-containing polyhydroxy compounds. Matsumoto Yasuhiro, Kamei Masauki. Give the Nippon Inca Kagaku Koge K.K.- N 62-38020, decl. 08.23.87, publ. 08/30/08. Kokai Tokke Koho. Ser. 3 (2), 1988, 70, p. 365-392. Yap. C 07 C 103/38, C07 C143 / 74.

 11. Japanese application N 6377996, C 10 M 105/68, C 10 N 40/18. Lubricant for magnetic tapes. Kondo Hirofumi. Sonya K.K. N 61-221605, declared. 09/19/86, publ. 04/08/83. Kokai Tokke Koho. Ser. 3 (3), 1988, 33. Jap.

Claims (1)

A lubricating composition comprising a fluorogranic surfactant and a hydrocarbon oil or petroleum oil, characterized in that, as an organofluorine surfactant, the composition contains a compound of the general formula

where R ' _f CF ₃ O-, C ₂ F ₅ O-, C ₃ F ₇ O-, C ₄ F ₉ O-, C ₈ F _{1 7} O-;

- (CF ₂ -CF ₂ O) _n -CF ₂ -, - (CF ₂ -CF ₂ -CF ₂ O) _n -CF ₂ -CF ₂ -,

where n, m 6 20, r 0 10;
A -COX, -SO ₂ X, -C ₆ H ₄ SO ₂ X, where X = -ZR-Z ',
where R is a divalent aliphatic radical with a carbon number of 14 or more;
Z -NR ² - (CH ₂ ) _n -NR ¹ C (O) -, -O ^* NR ³ R ⁴ H- (CH ₂ ) _n -NR ¹ -C (O) -,

Z'-C (O) -R ⁵ where R ⁵ -CH ₃ , -NR ² - (CH ₂ ) _n -NR ² R ⁴ ,
R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ H or an aliphatic radical with the number of carbon atoms from 1 to 6;
n 1 6,
in the following ratio of components, wt. Organofluorine surfactant 0.1 0.5
Hydrocarbon Oil or Petroleum Oil Else $

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