RU2078962C1 - Internal combustion engine with hydraulic drive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering. SUBSTANCE: cylinder is divided by diaphragms 5 into delivery space 2, buffer space 3 filled with cooling liquid and expansion space 4. Fuel mixture is combusted in space formed by inner diameter of ring-shaped piston 16, cylinder head 17 and partition 14 with bypass valve 15 connecting combustion chamber with expansion space 4. Piston remains motionless in process of mixture combustion, expansion and exhaust. Engine is controlled by regulating flow of working liquid through auxiliary hydraulic motor 24 which sets into operation timing gear 25 and piston 16. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to internal combustion engines.

 Known internal combustion engine, which contains cylinders, pistons connected via connecting rods to the crankshaft, with which the gas distribution mechanism is rigidly connected.

This engine design has the following disadvantages:
combustion of the fuel mixture begins before the piston arrives at top dead center (TDC), resisting the movement of the piston, and ends far beyond TDC in an expanding volume, which reduces engine efficiency;
when the engine is operating in variable modes and with a partial load, the carburetor throttle creates additional resistance in the intake tract, the filling of the cylinders deteriorates and the efficiency decreases;
low coefficient of adaptability, which depends on the ratio of maximum torque to nominal (1.25 1.35 for carburetor engines and 1.05 1.15 for diesel engines), which makes it necessary to use a gearbox.

 Also known is a free-piston hydraulic internal combustion engine, selected as a prototype, which contains cylinders separated by a baffle, in which pistons are arranged to form pump chambers and combustion chambers, a hydraulic motor connected to pump chambers, a device for supplying the fuel mixture to the engine cylinders, made in the form hydraulic piston pump.

 In this engine, it is easy to carry out stepless torque control, however, the remaining disadvantages inherent in the example described above are also characteristic of this engine, in addition, the movable seal between the piston and the cylinder wall separating the pump chamber from the combustion chamber is not reliable enough.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the engine by ensuring the combustion of most of the fuel mixture at a constant volume and increasing the degree of filling of the cylinders under variable operating conditions and part load, as well as improving reliability by replacing the movable seal with a stationary one.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the baffle has a bypass valve with servo action, adjusted to an opening pressure greater than the pressure at the end of compression, and divides the cylinder into a combustion chamber and an expansion cavity equipped with exhaust valves and separated from the pump cavity by a buffer cavity bounded by two diaphragms and filled with a cooling liquid. Coolant can be supplied through a non-return valve, and drain through a throttle orifice or through a bypass valve or valve driven by a gas distribution device. The piston is made in the form of a ring and placed in a cylinder with the formation of a combustion chamber in the TDC with an internal diameter of the piston, a cylinder head and a baffle, and connected to a gas distribution device.

 In order to increase the efficiency in variable modes and under-load and increase the maneuverability of the engine, the gas distribution device drive can be made in the form of an auxiliary hydraulic motor connected to a pressure source through a regulatory body.

 In order to simplify the design of the bypass valve, it can be made in the form of a cone plug fixed in the center of the diaphragm and tightly entering the conical hole in the partition. The bypass valve can be adjusted by changing the pressure on the diaphragm of the coolant.

 In order to simplify the design of the engine, the buffer cavity can be combined with the expansion cavity, then the coolant will be discharged together with the exhaust gases through the exhaust valves.

 In order to simplify the design of the engine, it is also possible to install one common compressor instead of pistons in each cylinder.

 In a forced ignition engine, to ensure more complete combustion of the fuel, the spark plug should be located as close as possible to the bypass valve, for example, in the cylinder head opposite the valve, then when it opens, the unburned working mixture will move towards the front of the flame.

 The drawing shows the proposed internal combustion engine with hydraulic drive.

 The engine consists of a housing 1, divided into three cavities: injection 2, buffer 3 and expansion 4 with two diaphragms 5. The injection cavity 2 is filled with a working fluid and is connected through pressure valves 6 and 7 to pressure 8 and drain 9 highways. The buffer cavity 3 is filled with coolant supplied through the check valve 10 and discharged through the throttle hole 11 in the housing 1. The expansion cavity 4 communicates with the atmosphere through the exhaust valves 12.

 A cylinder 13 is installed on the housing 1, which is separated from the expansion cavity 4 by a baffle 14 with an overflow valve 15 with an annular piston 16. The inlet 18 and the outlet 19 valves and the spark plug 20 are located in the cylinder head 17.

 An actuating hydraulic motor 21 is connected to a pressure line 8 and a drain 9 lines and, through a regulating device 22 and a hydraulic accumulator 23, an auxiliary hydraulic motor 24 for driving a gas distribution device 25 and an oil pump 26.

 The engine operates as follows.

 The auxiliary hydraulic motor 24, powered from the pressure line 8 or the accumulator 23, through the control device 22 drives the gas distribution device 25 and the piston 16 connected to it. When the piston 16 moves to the bottom dead center (BDC), the inlet valve 18 opens and the combustible mixture is sucked in . During the reverse stroke of the piston 16, the intake valve 18 is closed and the charge is compressed, after which the piston 16 stops at the TDC. From the spark plug 20, the mixture ignites, the pressure in the combustion chamber rises, and the bypass valve 15 in the partition 14 opens, releasing the working gases into the expansion cavity 4, where they through the diaphragms 5 and incompressible fluid in the buffer cavity exert pressure on the working fluid, which through the valve 7 is supplied to the pressure line 8, charges the accumulator 23, drives the motors 21 and 24 into rotation, and enters the drain line 9. The heated coolant is displaced through the throttle hole 11.

 Then the exhaust valves 12 and 19 are opened, through which the products of combustion are discharged into the atmosphere. At the same time, the discharge 2 and buffer 3 cavities are filled with working and cooling fluids through check valves 6 and 10. The pressure of the working fluid is maintained by the oil pump 26.

 The exhaust valves close and the cycle repeats.

 To change the engine power, the amount of working fluid supplied to the auxiliary hydraulic motor 24 is changed, and, acting on the control device 22, the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor shaft 24 and the response frequency of the gas distribution device 25 are changed.

 The torque on the shaft of the actuator motor 21 changes automatically depending on the load. When the load increases, the stroke of the diaphragms 5 decreases and the pressure increases, as a result of which the number of revolutions of the hydraulic motor 21 decreases and the torque increases.

 In an engine with hydraulic transmission, the use of diaphragms for pressure transmission allows reliable separation of liquid and gaseous bodies, eliminating overheating and contamination of the working fluid. The ring-shaped piston does not participate in the pressure transfer, which makes it possible to carry out a cycle with the piston stopped at TDC during combustion and exhaust processes, reduce mechanical losses and increase the average cycle pressure.

 In addition, it becomes possible to adjust the engine power without changing the cyclic fuel supply by the frequency of the gas distribution device, thereby improving the filling of the cylinder and reducing or even completely eliminating the engine idling.

 The use of a ring-shaped piston increases the turbulence of the mixture in the filling and compression processes, which contributes to more stable ignition and combustion of the fuel mixture, increases the efficiency and reduces the toxicity of exhaust gases, especially at low loads.

 Automatic change of torque on the motor shaft makes it possible to use the engine without gearbox.

Claims (5)

 1. A hydraulic internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder separated by a baffle, a piston, a pump cavity associated with an actuating hydraulic motor, and a gas-driven distributor associated with the piston, characterized in that the baffle has a bypass valve and divides the cylinder into a combustion chamber and an expansion cavity equipped with exhaust valves and separated from the pump cavity by a buffer cavity filled with coolant bounded by two diaphragms, the piston is made in in the form of a ring and placed in the cylinder with the formation of the internal diameter of the piston, the baffle and the cylinder head at the top dead center of the combustion chamber.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas distribution device and the piston are made in the form of an auxiliary hydraulic motor connected through a regulatory body to a pressure source.  3. The engine according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the bypass valve is made in the form of a tube mounted on the diaphragm.  4. The engine according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the buffer and expansion cavities are combined into one.  5. The engine according to paragraphs. 1 4, characterized in that instead of the pistons installed one common compressor for all cylinders.