RU2078256C1 - Step fluid-pressure motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: motor has stator provided with end face covers and passageways for supplying and discharging fluid and rotor to define working chambers inside it. The rotor is made up as a toothed wheel and mounted in the stator for permitting radial movement along an axis for no less than half a distance between teeth. The stator is provided with ratchet dogs and can be in a contact with them. The width of the dogs is equal to the width of the rotor. The cogs are oriented along the periphery of the rotor. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to hydro (pneumatic) drive engineering and can be used to drive hydro (pneumatic) tools, pipe fittings, machine tools, conveyors, winches and other low-speed mechanisms.

 Known adopted for the prototype stepper hydro (pneumatic) engine containing a stator housing with end caps and channels for supplying a working medium, in which, with the formation of the working chambers, a set of rotors is installed that provide the output shaft with a stepped angular stroke. (Aut. St. USSR 1795155, class F 15 B 15/12, BI 6, 1993).

 The disadvantages of the prototype: large size and complexity of the design, the multiplicity of the supply lines of the working environment, the limited number of steps and the angle of rotation, the lack of free-wheeling function. These shortcomings are caused by the fact that the stepping hydro (pneumatic) motor essentially consists of several simple hydraulic motors built into each other, the number of which is close to the number of possible steps.

 The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase compactness and simplify the design, reducing the number of supply lines of the working medium and expanding functionality due to an unlimited number of steps and angle of rotation, as well as the possibility of free travel.

 This is achieved by the fact that in a stepper hydro (pneumatic) engine containing a stator housing with end caps and channels for supplying a working medium, in which a rotor is installed with the formation of working chambers, the rotor is made in the form of a gear wheel and installed in the stator with the possibility of uniaxial radial stroke not less than half the pitch of the teeth along their vertices, and on the stator on both sides of the axis of the radial stroke of the rotor with a contact along its teeth there are ratchet dogs whose teeth are equally oriented along the perimeter of the rotor, and the width p VNA width of the rotor teeth.

 This design of the hydraulic (pneumatic) engine ensures the fulfillment of the tasks set, since it has only two working chambers with two underwater channels, and the rotor simultaneously performs the function of a piston and a ratchet wheel, converting its stepwise reciprocating motion into unidirectional unlimited angular step move. The ratchet dogs in combination also serve as contact seals between the cylindrical surfaces of the rotor and stator, hermetically separating the working chambers from each other. The presence of a ratchet mechanism provides the possibility of free rotation of the rotor.

 In FIG. 1 shows the design of a stepping hydro (pneumatic) motor in an embodiment with an internal rotor; FIG. 2 is a section along AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 design option with an external rotor; in FIG. 4 a section BB in FIG. 3.

 The hydraulic motor comprises a stator-housing 1 with end caps 2, coupling bolts 3 and working chambers 4 with underwater channels 5. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 and 2 with an internal rotor, a cylindrical rotor 6 with external teeth 7 with a step along their tops and a square hole 8 for communication with the executive bodies of the machines is located in the stator between the working chambers with the possibility of radial stroke l along axis 9. On the stator from two sides of the axis On the 9th stroke of the rotor with the contact along its teeth, ratchet dogs 10 are installed, the teeth 11 of which are equally oriented along the perimeter of the rotor, and the width of the dogs and rotor h are equal to each other. For pressing the dogs to the rotor, springs 12 are provided located between the dogs and the housing.

 In the embodiment with the external rotor of FIG. 3 and 4, the rotor 6 covers the stator 1 and has internal teeth 7. One of the stator covers can be made integrally with it, and the bolt fastening is replaced by a threaded connection 13 of the cover with the housing (see Fig. 4).

 The sealing of the fixed joints of the parts forming the working chambers is provided by known methods, for example, tight fit or the use of liquid gaskets. Movable joints are sealed with small gaps (target seals). If it is necessary to exclude external leaks between the ends of the rotor and the covers, contact seals 14 can be installed (see Fig. 2). In addition to those shown in FIG. 1 4 dogs placed in the groove of the stator, it is possible to use other designs of dogs, for example, with mounts on the axles supported by the covers, or dogs, for example, with mounts on the axes supported on the covers, or dogs in the form of flat springs fixed on stator with screws.

 The equality of the width of the dogs and the rotor and the spring pressing of the dogs to the rotor ensures that the dogs work as contact seals, preventing the overflow of the working medium between the working chambers along the cylindrical surface of the rotor. If the width of the dogs and the rotor is equal, minimal leakages are achieved at the ends of the dogs without loss of mobility of the dogs from contact with the end caps.

 The profile shape of the teeth of the rotor can be triangular or rectangular, and their number is assigned taking into account the required angular pitch of the rotor, based on the calculation that the angular pitch of the rotor is equal to half the angular pitch of its teeth. From the layout condition, an odd number a of teeth of at least 11 is preferred.

 The radial stroke of the rotor l between its stops in the stator wall is assigned at least half the tooth pitch t from the condition of ensuring the engagement of the dogs from one tooth to another, taking into account that when the engine is running, the rotor rolls around one of the dogs and the center of the rotor is equal to half the stroke his teeth under another dog. A decrease in l to a value less than 0.5t is unacceptable, because will cause the dog not to mesh with the next rotor tooth and the lack of fixation of the rotor pitch.

 Hydro (pneumatic) engine operates as follows.

 When applying the pressure of the working medium through the channel 5 to the working cavity 4, the rotor as a piston moves in a radial direction along axis 9. At the same time, the dog 10, facing the tooth against this movement, holds the adjacent rotor tooth and the rotor starts to rotate around it. The second dog 10 faces the tooth in the direction of the axial motion of the rotor and therefore does not interfere with its movement, disengaging from the end face of the rotor tooth at the beginning of the rotor stroke and engaging with the next tooth at the end of the torus stroke when it rests against the stator wall. During the movement of the rotor, the volume of the opposite working chamber 4 decreases and the working medium is displaced from the engine through the channel 5. When the pressure of the working medium is subsequently applied to another working cavity 4, the rotor moves to its original position. However, he turns in the same direction as in the first move, because the dog 10 freely passes the rotor tooth, and the dog 10 holds the adjacent rotor tooth. As a result, in one double radial stroke of the rotor it slides 1 tooth under each dog and is turned around its central axis by one tooth, i.e. the angle of rotation is equal to the angular pitch of the teeth, and the angular pitch in a single stroke will be half the angular pitch of the teeth. With a sequential sequential supply of medium pressure to channels 5 and 5, the rotor rotates further in the same direction by an unlimited angle, determined by the total number of alternate pressure feeds into the working cavities.

 The presence of a ratchet mechanism provides the hydro (pneumatic) engine with the possibility of free running, as under the action of an external moment applied to the rotor in the direction of its working stroke, the dogs do not impede the rotation of the rotor.

 The technical and economic efficiency of the stepping hydro (pneumatic) engine compared to the base object, for which the prototype is adopted, is as follows.

1. The design is greatly simplified and compactness is increased, because instead of the number of rotors, working chambers, underwater channels and supply lines of the working medium proportional to the number of steps, one rotor of the simplest cylindrical shape was used, in which the number of working chambers, supply channels and lines was reduced to two. The compactness is enhanced by the use of the entire rotor cross-sectional area for the influence of the working medium pressure and the absence of any auxiliary elements, such as fixed blades or dividing walls, in addition to the miniature dogs, in the stator. The extremely high compactness of the proposed design is characterized by a large value of the specific working volume q / G≈150 cm ³ / kg, (q working volume per rotor revolution, G engine weight), many times exceeding this indicator not only in the prototype, but also in the most compact part-turn stepper hydraulic motors. In combination with operability at working fluid pressures of tens of MPa, such compactness provides the hydraulic motor with a high specific moment M / G approximately an order of magnitude higher than that of existing hydraulic motors.

 2. The reduction of the supply lines of the working environment from 4 10 in the prototype and analogues to two dramatically simplifies the connection of the hydro (pneumatic) engine with a power source and expands its scope.

 3. The elimination of restrictions in the maximum number of steps and turning angles expands the functionality of the device and allows it to be used instead of less compact and more expensive full-rotary hydro (air) engines, as well as in systems with a total number of steps of more than one hundred, previously unacceptable for step hydro (air ) engines.

 4. The presence of a free-wheeling of the rotor also expands the functionality of the hydro (pneumatic) engine, for example, due to the possibility of using it in tandem with a manual backup.

Claims (1)

 A stepper hydro (pneumatic) motor containing a stator with end caps and channels for supplying and discharging the working medium and a rotor installed in it with the formation of working chambers, characterized in that the rotor is made in the form of a gear wheel and installed in the stator with the possibility of uniaxial radial movement by a value at least half the tooth pitch along their vertices, and the stator is equipped with ratchet dogs installed on both sides of the axis of radial movement of the rotor with the possibility of contacting with the latter, while the width of the dogs is the width of the rotor, and their teeth are oriented along the perimeter of the rotor.

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