RU2077509C1 - Method of purification of water and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: purification of water. SUBSTANCE: method consists in delivery of water and air due to energy of water flow. aeration of water and spraying of water in atmosphere. Device for realization of this method contains hydrostatic pump, water sprayer, appliance for blowing air through water and hydraulic accumulator. Device makes it possible to use energy of water flow for aeration of water and activating microorganisms over entire wetted surface of flow and basin. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 cl, 11 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to the field of water treatment, namely: to treat water in water bodies and in its streams (river, stream, canal, water conduit, irrigation canal, etc.), and may find application for the treatment of water bodies, natural and artificial water flows , including sewage.

A known method of wastewater treatment, according to which operations are carried out in one tank: aeration and degassing of water, removal of organic substances due to sorption by activated carbon and biological oxidation by microorganisms, forcing daily water and air into this tank [1]
The known method has disadvantages: high material, metal and energy consumption, as the operations are performed in a special apparatus equipped with superchargers of water and air, airlift, water degassing devices and liquefied activated carbon layer. This leads to limited productivity, significant capital, energy and operating costs, which determines the impossibility of water purification in streams and reservoirs, so numerous and so polluted with organic substances.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of water treatment.

 The problem is achieved in that in the known method of water purification, comprising the steps of forcing and blowing air through water, according to the invention, air is simultaneously pumped with water into the reservoir of the pump medium rotated by the energy of the water flow.

 In addition, injected water is sprayed into the atmosphere.

 In accordance with this, air and water are pumped simultaneously by means of only a hydrostatic pump, the rotor of which rotates due to the kinetic energy of the water stream or due mainly to the weight of the water flowing out of the reservoir. The injected medium is separated in a hydraulic accumulator and water is directed to a device for spraying water, and air is supplied to the air purge device through water. Water in the process of spraying and blowing air undergoes degassing and aeration, that is, oxygen saturation. From the purified water gases are removed products of rotting and fermentation of organic pollutants and free carbon dioxide. The process of iron removal and the oxidation of organic pollutants and their decay products are accelerated. Aeration provides the vital activity of microorganisms that turn pollution of organic origin into mineral non-decaying compounds. Aeration of water provides a high oxidative power. This method of purification of water of rivers, streams, streams, canals, reservoirs, waterways, irrigation ditches, etc. It does not require any energy costs, as it provides direct conversion of the energy of the water flow into the potential energy of air and water. It is not necessary to build any special treatment plants, since microorganisms are found in everything and on the whole wetted surface of the reservoir and water flow. And this leads to a significant reduction in capital energy and operating costs. The inventive method allows with minimal cost to carry out water purification of reservoirs and streams polluted by surface, domestic and industrial wastewater.

A device for water aeration of an air filter comprising a reservoir for accommodating coarse filter material, an air blower and a device for purging water with air [2]
The known device has drawbacks, it requires the removal of land to place the air filter and its withdrawal from use, the construction of the tank, the loading of the tank with material, the injection of water into the tank, the air blower to supply it to the air filter, which leads to significant capital, energy and operating costs and determines the impossibility of cleaning waters of streams and reservoirs so numerous and so polluted with organic substances.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of water treatment.

 The problem is achieved in that in a water purification device containing interconnected means of purging water with air and an air blower, the latter is made in the form of a pump that converts the energy of the water flow into hydraulic and pneumatic energy, having a working body and a medium collector with pipes for connecting consumers air and water, while the working body has a drive device and a spiral channel, one end of which is connected atmospheric, and the other is hermetically connected with the help of the sleeve to the medium collector s, and the spiral channel and the drive device are located around the perimeter of the working body, installed with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis of the pump.

 In addition, the device is equipped with a means of spraying injected water connected to a pipe for connecting a water consumer.

 As a result of this, the flow of water due to the kinetic energy and weight of the water rotates the rotor of the hydrostatic pump, which periodically scoops up a portion of the water from the stream with the first turn of the flow part and communicates with the atmosphere. Due to the rotation of the rotor, in each turn of the flowing part there is a portion of water isolated from neighboring portions of water by air gaps. When the rotor rotates, each portion of water moves along the turns of the flow part of the rotor, occupying a position in the lower part of the turn, under the influence of gravity, in the direction from the first turn to the hydraulic coupling that isolates the rotating part of the pump from the stationary one. Portions of water and air are transferred to the accumulator, increasing the pressure of the medium in it. The pressure of the medium in the accumulator causes the displacement of a portion of water in each turn with the formation of a difference in the level of a portion of water in a turn, as well as the compression of the air gap between the portions of water in adjacent turns. The formation of a difference in the level of a portion of water in the loop and the compression of the air gap provide pressure compensation in the accumulator. In this case, the pressure of the air gaps and the difference in the levels of the portion of water in the turn increase in the direction from the first turn to the hydraulic coupling, reaching a maximum value in the last turn of the flow part of the rotor located in front of the hydraulic coupling. Compressed air and water are separated in the accumulator and water is supplied by overpressure in the device for spraying water, and air in the device for purging water with air. Water is saturated with oxygen, both by blowing it with air, and by spraying it in the atmosphere. This intensifies the process of water purification from pollution, including due to the vital activity of microorganisms.

 The performance of the hydraulic pump is determined by the cross section of the channel of the flowing part of the rotor, the diameter of the turns (rotor) and the speed of rotation of the rotor. The pressure developed by the hydraulic pump is determined by the number of turns of the flow part on the rotor and the diameter of the turn (rotor). In this case, the flowing part can be made in the form of a helical channel (single or multilayer) or in the form of a spiral channel. The pressure of compressed air and water developed by the pump can be 1 MPa or higher, which allows you to raise water to a height of 100 meters or more. However, for water purification, depending on the depth of the stream and the reservoir, a pressure of 0.01.0.5 MPa is sufficient.

 Devices for purging water with air and for spraying water, accumulators, methods for purifying water by blowing air and spraying in air are known in the art. However, a new set of known features exhibits new properties: direct conversion of the energy of the water flow into the potential energy of water and air, aeration of water due to the energy of the water flow. This leads to a positive result, reducing the cost of water treatment. That confirms the presence of significant differences in the claimed technical solution.

 The proposed method is implemented by means of a water purification device.

 Figure 1 presents a diagram of a device; figure 2 hydrostatic pump with a hydraulic accumulator; figure 3 section aa in figure 2; figure 4 - hydrostatic pump with built-in hydraulic accumulator; figure 5 - hydrostatic pump with a suction nozzle in the form of a disk chamber; Fig.6 is a design of a device for purging water with air in the form of a filter; Fig.7 is a design of a device for spraying water in the form of a tangential nozzle; in Fig.8 section BB in Fig.5; Fig.9 option of supplying water to the pump; figure 10 hydrostatic pump with a through channel in the shaft and two hydraulic accumulators; in FIG. 11 a section BB in FIG. 10.

 A device for implementing the method comprises a hydrostatic pump 1, a device 2 for spraying water, a means 3 for purging water with air, a hydraulic accumulator 4.

 The pump 1 by means of a pipeline 5 is connected to a hydraulic accumulator 4, which, by means of an air pipe 6, is connected to a means 3 of purging water with air, and a hydraulic line 7 is connected to a device 2 for spraying water. The hydrostatic pump 1 is partially immersed in a moving stream of water (river, stream, tray, etc.). The device 2 is located above the surface of the cleaned stream of water or reservoir, and the tool 3 is located in the stream of water at the bottom of this stream. The hydrostatic pump 1 has a rotor 8, a shaft 9, bearing assemblies 10 and a hydraulic sleeve 11 for discharging water and air from the rotor 8 into the pipeline 5. The rotor 8 is made in the form of a drum 12, rigidly mounted on the shaft 9, and a flow part in the form of a spiral channel 13 forming interconnecting turns. The shaft 9 through the bearing assemblies 10 is mounted on the support 14 of the pump 1. In the shaft 9 is made axial 15 and radial 16 channels. The channel 13 is hermetically connected to the channel 16, which through the channel 15 connects the channel 13 with the cavity of the sleeve 11. The channel 13 has an intake part, made, in the simplest case, in the form of an open end of the channel 13 in communication with the atmosphere. The shaft 9 is sealed with a seal 17 in the coupling 11 relative to the fixed support 14. The rotor 8 is rotated by a stream of water due to adhesion to the surface of the rotor 8, and also due to the impact of the flow on the blades 18, evenly spaced around the periphery of the rotor 8. Channel 13 on the drum 12 can be made single or multi-layer, as well as in the form of spiral winding. Moreover, the peripheral turn of the channel 13 is connected to the channel 16. The device 2 for spraying water can be made in the form of a conventional tapering nozzle (not shown in the drawing), accelerating the stream of water. The air purge means 3 can be made in the form of a perforated section of the pipeline (not shown in the drawing), intended for the formation of a multi-jet air stream.

 The device operates as follows.

 The water stream interacts with the surface of the drum 12 and the blades 18, rotating the rotor 8. When the rotor 8 is rotated, the open end of the channel 13 is periodically immersed in the water stream and communicates with the atmosphere. When the open end of the channel 13 is immersed in water, the first turn of it scoops up a portion of water, and the rotation of the rotor 8 ensures the movement of this portion of water in the adjacent turn and the open end of the channel 13 communicates with the atmosphere. Thus, in the lower part of each turn of the channel 13 is a portion of water, separated by air gaps. The rotation of the rotor 8 provides the supply of water and air through the channels 15, 16, the sleeve 11 and the pipe 5 to the accumulator 4. The pressure of air and water in the accumulator 4 increases, causing a shift in the portion of water in the next turn of the channel 13 and partial compensation of the pressure created in the accumulator 4 The displacement of a portion of water in this turn causes the compression of the air gaps in the remaining turns and the displacement of a portion of water in them. The sum of the differences in the levels of the portion of water in each turn compensates for the pressure created in the accumulator 4. For this reason, the pressure of the air gaps and the displacement of the portions of water in the turns increases in the direction from the open end of the channel 13 to the coupling 11. The excess pressure in the accumulator 4 ensures the outflow of water of their accumulator 4 along the hydraulic line 7 in the device 2 for spraying water and the outflow of air through the air duct 6 into the means 3 for purging water with air. Device 2 sprays the purified water in the air, degassing it and saturating with oxygen. The tool 3 blows air through the water, saturating it with oxygen. At the same time, the pressure of the medium in the channel 13 and in the accumulator 4 accelerates the process of dissolution of oxygen in water. Intensive aeration of the purified water occurs due to the kinetic energy of its flow. From purified water due to kinetic energy and fermentation, the process of iron removal, the oxidation of organic pollutants and products and decay are accelerated and the vital functions of microorganisms that turn organic contaminants into non-decaying mineral compounds are ensured. The water stream cleans itself, without requiring any energy costs and the construction of special treatment plants, since microorganisms are located in the entire volume of the water stream and on the entire wetted surface of the stream, as well as in the sludge at the bottom of the stream.

 It is possible to design a pump when the accumulator is combined with the pump and is made in the form of a cavity 19, sealed against the shaft 9 by means of a seal 20. The cavity 19 is connected to the channel 13 of the rotor 8 by means of the axial channel 15 and the radial channel 16. The pipe 21 connects the cavity 19 to the device 2, and the pipe 22 connects the cavity 19 with the device 3.

 The pump operates in this design similar to that described, except that the reliability of the pump is increased, since the possibility of formation of air jams in the pipeline connecting the pump to the accumulator is excluded.

 A possible embodiment of the pump, in which the intake end of the channel 13 is made in the form of a disk chamber 23 having an opening 25 in the end wall 24, which communicates the cavity of the chamber 23 with the atmosphere. Aperture 25 is designed to draw water from the stream and air from the atmosphere. Channel 13 is made tangentially to the chamber 23. The width of the chamber 23 is such that its capacity ensures that one turn of the channel 13 is filled with water by less than half to ensure high air performance. The diameter of the chamber 23 is selected less than the diameter of the first turn of the channel 13. As a result, the maximum displacement of the portion of water in the turn, i.e. the maximum difference in the levels of the portion of water in the turn takes place in the turns of the largest diameter in the turns located next to the radial channel 16, which ensures stable operation and the maximum pressure developed by the pump.

 The pump operates in this design similar to the above, except that the chamber 23 is quickly filled with water through the opening 25, and then the water flows into the first turn of the channel 13 during the rotation of the rotor 8.

 It is possible that the air purge means 3 can be made in the form of a filter having a housing 26 for accommodating solid coarse-grained materials, on the surface of which microorganisms are located. In the lower part of the housing 26 is a perforated nozzle 27, designed for multi-jet air blowing and connected to the pump cavity 19 by means of a pipe 22. The housing 26 is located at the bottom of the stream.

 A device for purging water with air in this embodiment works similarly to that described, except that the air is scattered by the nozzle 27, providing oxygen to microorganisms located on granular materials, as well as oxygen saturation of the water. The supply of purified water to the housing 26 and its removal is carried out by the stream.

 It is possible to design a device for spraying water when it is made in the form of a housing 28 in which an annular chamber 29 with a tangential water inlet 30 and a central hole 31 with a chamfer 32 is formed.

 A device for spraying water in this embodiment works similarly to that described, except that a free vortex of purified water is formed in the annular chamber 29, spraying it in the atmosphere with a fan through the opening 31 with the formation of small drops.

 It is possible to implement the device when the pump drum is equipped with buckets 33, evenly mounted on the periphery of the cross section of the drum 12. As a result, the pump is driven mainly by the weight of the water, which makes it possible to use this device to purify water in reservoirs (ponds, reservoirs, reservoirs). In this case, water from the reservoir is supplied to the drum 12 along the tray 34 from above. It is possible to supply the water flow to the pump drum from the side, which allows the use of both potential and kinetic energy of the water flow.

 The device operates in this design similar to that described, except that the drum 12 rotates mainly the weight of the water flowing from the reservoir along the tray 34, and the air pumped by the pump is supplied to the water purge device 3 located at the bottom of the reservoir.

 It is possible to install the device on any vessel, which allows for immediate intervention in the ecological situation of water bodies. In this case, the main propulsion engine of the vessel is the drive of the device and determines the performance of the device by air.

 It is possible to implement a device for implementing the method when the shaft 35 of the device (pump) is made hollow with a through channel 36 and two accumulators 37 integrated in the device with a pipe 38 for supplying water and a pipe 39 for supplying compressed air. The supply of water and compressed air through the through channel 36 to two accumulators 37 reduces the diameter of the shaft 35, mechanical losses in the seal assembly and the required torque. At the same time, it becomes possible to halve the water flow rate in channel 36 and the hydraulic losses in this section. If the channel 40 of the flowing part is made in the form of a spiral, but without screw winding (in one plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pump), then the productivity of the pump increases.

 The device operates in this design similar to that described, except that water and compressed air are supplied to the consumer from two hydraulic accumulators 37.

The proposed method and device for water purification provide the following advantages in comparison with the existing ones:
1. Water purification without the cost of external energy.

 2. Minimum capital costs.

 3. A significant reduction in operating costs.

 4. The low complexity and cost of manufacturing devices that implement the method.

 5. The ability to improve the ecological state of the water flow along the entire length due to the placement of devices throughout the flow.

 6. The ability to improve the ecological status of water bodies both by cleaning streams flowing into the body of water and by cleaning the body of water by using the energy of the water flowing out of the body of water.

 7. Increasing the biological productivity of rivers and reservoirs, from fish stocks.

 8. Reducing the level of bacterial contamination of water.

 9. Improving the environmental sustainability of water basins by maintaining the vital functions of microorganisms.

 10. The ability to quickly deal with emergency wastewater discharges by placing mobile treatment devices downstream.

 11. The ability to combat oxygen-free zones at the bottom of reservoirs.

 12. Expanding the scope of water purification devices.

Claims (1)

1 1. A method of purifying water, comprising the steps of pumping air and purging water with air, characterized in that the air is simultaneously pumped with water into a medium reservoir of the pump rotated by the energy of the water flow. 2 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that pumped water is sprayed in the atmosphere.2 3. A water purifier device comprising interconnected means of purging water with air and an air blower, characterized in that the air blower is designed as a pump that converts the energy of the water flow into hydraulic and pneumatic energy, having a working body and a medium collector with nozzles for connecting consumers of air and water, while the working body has a drive device and a spiral channel, one end of which is connected to the atmosphere, the other is hermetically connected by means of a sleeve to the medium collector, and the spiral channel and the drive device is located around the perimeter of the working body, installed with the possibility of rotation of the longitudinal axis of the pump.2 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for spraying pumped water connected to a pipe for connecting a water consumer.

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