RU2076563C1 - Opener for cultivation-planting combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: opener has main and additional legs. main leg is made up of two sides with displaced blades on front portion. Mated surface of main leg sides have slots forming through hole to accommodate feed tube. Mounted on lower portion of main leg is drill in form of elliptical cone with rounded off top whose base in place of mating with leg has concave curvilinear surfaces. Feed tube lower cut is placed above drill nose. Additional leg consisting of two sides is placed in line with main leg. Rigid curvilinear carrier is mounted on front portion of additional leg. Rear end of carrier is installed at level of rounded off end of front leg drill. Sides of additional leg form convex cone-shaped open bell pointed upwards with its curvature. End faces of larger neck of bell are provided with working blades. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 11 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the working bodies of sowing and tillage machines.

 Known is the working body of the cultivator, including paw wings with blades offset relative to each other, in which, in order to improve deepening, the paw wings are mounted on a knife-shaped stand curved in the direction of movement with a chisel toe located below the wing blades.

 Despite the fact that the toe of the chisel is placed below the blade of the wings of the paws due to the high soil moisture in the early spring, pre-sowing cultivation and preparing the soil for sowing is impossible due to soil sticking and high traction resistance. The preparation of narrow soil strips by this working body is impossible.

 A known coulter of a seeder-cultivator, including a stand with a paw attached to it, in which, in order to reduce the spread of soil from the furrow and high-quality seed placement when working at higher speeds, the paw is made in the form of a streamlined body with openings fixed on the lower and middle parts, and variable angle of entry into the soil, large at the bottom and smaller at the top. The coulter stand is tilted in the direction of movement of the seeder-cultivator.

 At high humidity, the soil sticks to the paw and traction resistance increases sharply.

 Known working body of the cultivator, having the shape of a curved cuttings knife with a variable thickness, increasing from top to bottom along its length, in which, in order to improve the quality of loosening the soil and reduce traction resistance, the front working part of the knife is made with a variable sharpening angle: from sharp in the upper part of the knife to blunt in its lower part with a smooth transition between them.

 The described working body when working on waterlogged soils in the early spring can perform a narrow gap.

 Part of the described drawbacks is eliminated in the well-known working body of the cultivator, consisting of a chisel-shaped stand with a ravine and lancet paws, in which, in order to exclude the removal of wet soil layers, to reduce the rowing of the field surface and increase the stability of the course in depth at an increased speed, the lancet paw is attached to a rigid leash , which is attached to the rear of the rack and has a length exceeding the distance of movement of soil particles coming off the rack. The leash has a parabolic shape and a circular cross section with a variable diameter, decreasing from the point of connection with the paw resistant.

 Mixing the lancet paw back with respect to the strut ensures the execution of the process. However, with high humidity in the early spring, the lancet paw sharply increases the total traction resistance of the working body and narrows its use.

 The closest technical solution is the well-known working body of the cultivator, including a stand and a bit, in which, in order to improve the quality of loosening and reduce traction resistance, the bit is made in the form of an elliptical cone, the base of which at the interface with the stand has concave-curved surfaces. The top of the cone is rounded. This working body of the cultivator, adopted as a prototype.

The described working body of the cultivator prepares a narrow friable strip in a moist soil layer. The toe of the bit compacts a semicircular bed, suitable for laying seeds of cereal crops and other crops, the sowing of which is preferable to produce in the early spring with soil moisture in a layer of 0 10 cm over 20 26
The invention consists in the following.

 The objective of the invention is the expansion of the functionality of the working bodies of agricultural machines.

 The technical result is the combination of pre-sowing tillage and sowing in the early spring with high soil moisture.

 The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known device for tillage, including the stand and the bit, made in the form of an elliptical cone with a rounded top, the base of which at the interface with the stand has concave-curved surfaces. The rack is made of two sidewalls with mixed blades on the front part, the mating surfaces of the sidewalls of which are provided with grooves that form a through hole in which the vas deferens is placed, the lower edge of which is installed above the nose of the bit, in the alignment of the rack there is an additional rack formed of two sidewalls on the front part of the rack fixed rigid curved leash, the rear end of which is installed at the level of the rounded end of the bit of the front rack, the sides of the additional rack form facing curvature upward, a convex cone-shaped open bell, the ends of the larger mouth of the bell are equipped with working blades and directed towards the working blades of the main rack.

 Due to the fact that the additional stand with a bell and a lead is fixed in the alignment with the main stand and chisel, when the coulter moves, intensive crumbling of the soil is made, a bed is created, seeds are laid on the bed, pressed into the seed bed and covered with loose soil in the treated area with a soil roller over the gap.

 The analysis of the prior art, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the invention, allowed to establish that no analogue was found, characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the invention.

 Therefore, the invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify the compliance of the invention with the requirement of "inventive step", an additional search was carried out for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the invention, the results of which show that the invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art, since the prior art The influence of transformations providing for essential features of the invention on the achievement of a technical result is revealed.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

 In FIG. 1 shows a coulter of a seeder-cultivator, side view; in FIG. 2 same, plan view; in FIG. 3, section AA in FIG. 1, the cross section of the nose of the bit; in FIG. 4 section BB in FIG. 1, a cross section of the rear of the bit at the interface with the stand; in FIG. 5 section BB in FIG. 1, a cross section of a coulter stand in its curved portion; in FIG. 6 is a section GG in FIG. 1, the cross section of the main rack, vas deferens and additional rack; in FIG. 7 section DD in FIG. 1, the cross section of the wings of the legs in a wide part; in FIG. 8 section EE in FIG. 2, the cross section of the wings of the wings in the narrow part; in FIG. 9 section FJ in FIG. 1, the cross section of a curved leash in the upper part; in FIG. 10 is a cross-section ZZ in FIG. 1, a cross section of a curved leash in a final section; in FIG. 11 section II in FIG. 2, shows the technological process of soil preparation and seed placement on the prepared solid bed.

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

The coulter of the seeder-cultivator contains a rack 1 of rectangular cross section, made of two sidewalls 2 and 3 with blades 4 and 5 on the front side. The mating surfaces of the sidewalls 2 and 3 are provided with grooves 6 and 7 of a triangular profile with a 90 ^° opening angle. The grooves 6 and 7 of the sidewalls 2 and 3, when mated, form a through vertical hole 8. In the hole 8 there is a seed tube 9. In the upper part of the seed tube 9 there is a sensor 10 for feeding seeds from the seed box of a seeder-cultivator (not shown). The blades 4 and 5 of the sidewalls 2 and 3 are offset relative to each other, which allows to obtain a thin and sharp cutting edge 11. The lower part of the rack 1 is made curved and provided with a bit 12 made in the form of an elliptical cone, the top 13 of which is fixed. The bit 12 with the bottom of the rack 1 is connected by pairs of cylindrical rivets 14 and welds. The base of the cone of the bit 12 passes into the lateral concave-curved surfaces 15, mating with the outer sides of the sidewalls 2 and 3 of the rack 1. The lower edge of the vas deferens 9 is installed below the top 13 of the nose of the bit 12.

 An additional rack 16 is installed in the wing of the rack 1. The rack 16 of a rectangular section is made of two sidewalls 17 and 18. A rigid curved lead 20 is fixed to the groove of the additional rack 16. The lead 20 is made in the form of a rod of elliptical cross section, the lower end 21 of which is rounded . The lower end 21 of the leash 20 is installed at the level of the rounded top 13 of the toe of the bit 12 of the main rack 1. The sides 17 and 18 of the additional rack 16 in its lower part form a convex conical, conical open bell 22.

 The ends 23 and 24 of the large neck 25 are equipped with working blades 26 and are directed towards the working blades 4 and 5 of the main rack 1.

 The main 1 and additional 16 racks are installed in the holder 27 with two vertical grooves. The holder 27 is fixed with a collar 28 on the square shaft 29 of the opener group of the seeder. The individual position of the struts 1 and 16 in the holder 27 is achieved by the locking bolts 30 and 31, screwed into the threaded racks 32.

 The device operates as follows.

 During the movement of the seeder-cultivator (see Fig. 1-10), the rounded top 13 of the chisel 12, due to its design, first acts on the soil, causing the soil to compress in a narrow part and forming a cylindrical bed for subsequent seed placement. The expanding conical surface of the working part of the bit 12 affects the soil mass in the vertical and horizontal planes. As a result of this, the soil formation breaks into more soil aggregates. In this case, the destruction of the soil layer occurs in the direction from the bottom up, which causes the breaking of soil aggregates and their grinding. The cutting edge 11 of the blade 4 of the main rack 1 cuts plant and root residues, which eliminates the formation of a furrow behind the rack 1. From the seed box of the seeder-cultivator through the seed tube 9 seeds, for example, cereal crops, are placed on the seed bed. The placement of the vas deferens 9 inside the rack 1 eliminates clogging with soil. The sensor 10 controls the uniform supply of seeds in the vas deferens 10. The position of the lower edge of the vas deferens 9 behind the toe 13 of the bit 12 ensures uniform seed placement. Placed behind the main stand 1, an additional stand 16, together with a leash 20, presses the seeds into the bottom of the soil bed (see Fig. 11). With the blades 26 of the ends 23 and 24 of the large mouth 25 of the socket 22, the loose soil goes into the loosened slot, fills it and forms the tapering back of the socket 22 of the soil roller. This eliminates the formation of soil crust over a number of seeds and ensures the growth of the latter.

 The proposed coulter of the seeder-cultivator allows sowing of cereal crops in the early spring with a large supply of moisture in the habitat and arable horizons. Sowing of grain crops in the second decade of April in the conditions of the Lower Volga region provides a steady increase in the yield of grain crops by 1.2 1.5 t / ha.

Thus, the above information indicates that when using the invention the following set of conditions:
means embodying the invention in its implementation, is intended for use in agricultural machinery;
means embodying the invention in its implementation, is able to ensure the achievement of a technical result.

 Therefore, the invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (1)

 The coulter of the seeder of the cultivator, including the stand and the chisel, made in the form of an elliptical cone with a rounded top, the base of which at the interface with the stand has concave-curved surfaces, characterized in that the stand is made of two sidewalls with offset blades on the front part, the mating surface of the sidewalls equipped with grooves forming a through hole in which the vas deferens with a seed supply sensor is placed, the lower edge of which is installed above the nose of the bit, in the alignment of the rack there is an additional the front stand, formed of two sidewalls, on the front of the rack there is a rigid curved leash, the rear end of which is installed at the level of the rounded end of the front rack bit, the sides of the additional rack form a curved upward conical open-ended bell, the ends of the larger neck of the bell are equipped with working blades in the direction to the blade of the main stand.

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