RU2076422C1 - Device for reconditioning chemical cells and charging storage batteries with regulated asymmetric current - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has two rectifiers, transformer-output high-frequency inverter, comparator, current sensor, voltage limiter, switching element whose control input is connected to output of comparator whose input is connected to leads of current sensor connected in series between first common point of connection of first DC lead of first rectifier, first lead of voltage limiter, and second common point of connection of first lead of switching element and first output terminal of device; second leads of voltage limiter and switching element, second output terminal of device, second DC lead of first rectifier are interconnected; AC leads of first rectifier are connected to transformer output of high-frequency inverter and its input is connected to leads of first capacitor and to DC leads of second rectifier while its first AC lead is connected through second capacitor to first lead of AC power supply; second AC lead of second rectifier is connected directly to second lead of AC power supply. EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to regenerating and charging devices used for the regeneration of chemical elements (CE) and for molding, charging batteries (AB) with a stabilized asymmetric current.

 Known devices for the recovery of CE and charge AB with an asymmetric current, containing an AC source, an electric valve, a current limiting resistor and a step-down transformer [1] Their disadvantages include low energy performance and high cost due to the use of a low-frequency transformer. In addition, as the AB charge or CE regenerates, as a rule, stabilization of the charging current is not ensured, which complicates the determination of the end of their charge or regeneration.

The closest analogue of the claimed device is a device for charging a battery with an asymmetric current, containing an AC source, two capacitors [2]
The disadvantage of this device is the increased risk of electric shock due to the high output voltage, twice the amplitude of the power source, which necessitates the use of significant in size and expensive high-voltage semiconductor elements. In addition, in the event of a "short circuit" type of malfunction of any of the capacitors, the charging current unacceptably increases, leading to the destruction of the AB or CE.

 The aim of the invention is the formation of a charge mode of the battery or the regeneration of CE by a stabilized asymmetric current, miniaturization of the device and reduction of its cost.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the device for the recovery of CE and battery charge with a stabilized asymmetric current, containing an AC power source, two capacitors, additionally contains two rectifiers, a high-frequency inverter with a transformer output, a comparator, a current sensor, a voltage limiter, a key element, a control input which is connected to the output of the comparator, connected by an input to the terminals of a current sensor connected in series between the first common connection point of the first output the current of the first rectifier, the first output of the voltage limiter and the second common point of connection of the first output of the key element and the first output terminal of the device, the second conclusions of the voltage limiter, key element, the second output terminal of the device, the second DC terminal of the first rectifier connected together, AC terminals the current of the first rectifier is connected to the transformer output of the high-frequency inverter, and its input is connected to the terminals of the first capacitor and the DC outputs in a rectifier, while its first AC output is connected through a second capacitor to the first output of the AC power source, and the second AC output of the second rectifier is connected directly to the second output of the AC power source, and the transformation coefficient K _{m of the} high-frequency inverter with transformer output is determined by the expression
K _m = U $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{in}}{\text{and}}$ / ((((n • R _int + R _dt ) • I _s + n • E) • K _d ), (1)
where u $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{d [}}{\text{and}}$ voltage at the inverter input; n the number of batteries or regenerative elements connected in series; R _vn , E - respectively, the internal resistance and EMF of one CE or rechargeable battery; I _c rated charge or regeneration current; K _d - additional coefficient, is in the range from 1.2 to 1.3; R _dt is the resistance of the current sensor.

The drawing shows a circuit diagram of a device. A device for the regeneration of chemical elements and battery charge with a stabilized asymmetric current contains an AC power source 1, two capacitors 2 and 3, two rectifiers 4 and 5, a high-frequency inverter with transformer output 6 (for example, a half-wave inverter [3]), which has a voltage ratio at its input to its output voltage, the voltage of the charge or regeneration U _s is determined by the expression 1.

 The device also contains a comparator 7, a current sensor 8 (for example a resistor), a voltage limiter 9 (for example a zener diode), a key element 10 (for example a transistor), the control input of which is connected to the output of the comparator 7, connected by an input to the terminals of the current sensor 8, connected in series between the first common connection point of the first DC output of the first rectifier 4, the first output of the voltage limiter 9 and the second common connection point of the first output of the key element 10 and the first output terminal of the device 11, the second terminals of the voltage limiter 9, the key element 10, the second output terminal of the device 12, the second DC terminal of the first rectifier 4 are connected together, the AC terminals of the first rectifier 4 are connected to the transformer output of the high-frequency inverter 6, and its input is connected to the terminals of the first capacitor 2 and the direct current terminals of the second rectifier 5, while its first alternating current output is connected through a second capacitor 3 to the first output of the AC power source 1, and the second to water ac second rectifier 5 is directly connected to the second terminal of the AC power supply 1.

 The device operates as follows. When connecting it to the power source 1, a current will flow through the capacitor 3, which will cause a voltage drop across it, proportional to the current strength. Part of the supply voltage is rectified by the second rectifier 5 is smoothed by the first capacitor 2 and fed to the input of the high-frequency inverter 6. The inverter 6 converts the DC voltage into alternating voltage of high frequency, which is fed to the input of the first rectifier 4. The constant voltage from the output of the first rectifier 4 is supplied to the terminals of the limiter voltage 9 and through a current sensor 8 to the terminals of the key element 10 and the output terminals of the device 11, 12.

If CE or AB are not connected, or in the case when their internal resistance is very large, which is typical with minimal current consumption, the signal from the current sensor 8 at the input of the comparator 7 is not sufficient to generate control pulses to the key element 10, the latter is in the closed state . This mode of operation initially leads to a slight increase in the output voltage of the high-frequency inverter 6 to the level of the voltage limiter 9. The inclusion of the latter into the operation provides the current consumption from the inverter somewhat more than at idle. Thus, through the use of a voltage limiter 9, we provide a relatively small supply voltage to the inverter even when the consumer is switched off, and the need for the use of expensive high-voltage transistors in the inverter 6 is excluded. the inverter input is limited to a predetermined value
U $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{d [}}{\text{and}}$ = U _and -I _he • X _c / K _m ,
where U _{and the} voltage of the AC power source 1;
X _c capacitance of the second capacitor 3;
I _he current consumed by the voltage limiter 9.

 Moreover, the frequency of the inverter 6 also does not increase very much at idle compared to the frequency under load.

 When connecting AB or CE to the output terminals 11, 12 of the device through the current sensor 8, a charge or regeneration current flows. The current sensor 8 generates a signal arriving at the input of the comparator 7, the latter generates control signals arriving with a given duty cycle at the input of the key element 10, ensuring its periodic closure. At the moment of the key element 10 being closed, the output of the device is shunted by the current sensor 8, and the battery or XE is then discharged through the key element 10. Therefore, the current sensor 8, comparator 7 and key element 10 provide the formation of an asymmetric current. In addition, with an increase in the load current, the consumed current from the AC source 1 increases, leading to an increase in the voltage drop at the second capacitor 3 and, consequently, to a decrease in the voltage at the input of the high-frequency inverter 6. A decrease in the voltage at the input of the inverter 6 entails a decrease in the voltage at its output and accordingly reduces the charging current or regeneration current. This ensures stabilization of the charging current, which is further facilitated by the transformation ratio of the high-frequency inverter output transformer selected according to expression 1.

 Setting the transformation coefficient of the inverter transformer according to expression 1 and connecting the AC power source through the second capacitor to the input of the second rectifier provides a mode of stabilization of the charge current of the battery or the current of regeneration of CEs as the EMF increases as they charge.

Literature
1. V.V. Romanov, Yu.M. Khashev. Chemical current sources. M. "Sov.radio." 1973 262 p.

 2. USSR author's certificate N 653681, cl. H 02 J 7/10. Published on March 25th, 79. Bulletin N 11.

 3. V.S. Moin, N.N. Laptev. Stabilized transistor converters. "Energy". M. 1972 511 pp.

Claims (1)

A device for the regeneration of chemical elements and battery charge with a stabilized asymmetric current, comprising an AC power source, characterized in that it further comprises two rectifiers, a high-frequency inverter with a transformer output, a comparator, a current sensor, a voltage limiter, a key element whose control input is connected to the output of the comparator, connected by an input to the terminals of the current sensor connected in series between the first common connection point of the first output DC current of the first rectifier, the first output of the voltage limiter and the second common point of the first output of the key element and the first output terminal of the device, the second conclusions of the voltage limiter, the key element, the second output terminal of the device, the second DC output of the first rectifier connected together, AC terminals the first rectifier is connected to the transformer output of the high-frequency inverter, and its input is connected to the terminals of the first capacitor and the DC terminals of the second rectifier, while its first AC output is connected through the second capacitor to the first output of the AC power source, and the second AC output of the second rectifier is connected directly to the second output of the AC power source, and the transformation coefficient K _{t of the} high-frequency inverter with transformer output defined by the expression
K _t = U $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{in}}{\text{and}}$ (((n • R _int + R _dt ) • I _s + n • E) • K _d ),
where u $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{d [}}{\text{and}}$ voltage at the inverter input;
n the number of batteries or regenerative cells connected in series;
R _{in n} , E, respectively, internal resistance and EMF of one chemical element or rechargeable battery;
I _c rated charge or regeneration current;
K _d additional factor is in the range of 1.2 1.3;
R _dt current sensor resistance.