RU2075785C1 - Method for development of musical hearing and device which implements said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: musical education. SUBSTANCE: method involves representation of relative stages of musical pitches as graphical signs of different colors. Said relative stage consist of six basic diatonic frets which are spaced by pure fifth from each other and follow shape of imagined open twelve sound sequence of fifth. Sign colors correspond to colors of rainbow spectrum which is divided into twelve parts. This correspondence follows order of colors in rainbow. Shift of any stage of fifth sequence by distance which is multiple of octave does not alter color of sign which correspond to this stage. Corresponding device has panel with bars, guides which are located across bar, and elements which bear different colors and designate note signs. Said elements are mounted in guides for movement in sequence which corresponds to scale. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to means for teaching music, and in particular to a method for developing musical hearing and a device for its implementation.

 Most effectively, the present invention can be used to develop relational hearing and relational musical thinking.

 There is a method of studying musical notation (DE, A, N 4104090), which consists in the fact that the relational steps of a musical pitch system are represented in the form of graphic characters of different colors to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the fret level and the color of the character.

 A device for implementing this method includes a panel with two staves in a treble and bass clefs, guides located across the stave and imitating musical notes elements of different colors, located on the guides with the ability to move and fix in a given position. The number of elements corresponds to the number of relational gamma steps.

 The known method and device for its implementation provide an opportunity for the development of absolute hearing, the establishment of active and strong associations between musical sounds, musical notes, their names and piano keyboard.

 In addition, the known method develops relational musical thinking, provides the ability to record rhythmically diverse one-voice and two-voice constructions and rhythmically amorphous three-five-voice constructions.

 A significant drawback of the known method is that it, developing relational thinking, does not provoke this development automatically, since the relational values of elements (musical signs) exist only by agreement (conditionally). Thus, the establishment of strong objective synesthetic color-sound associations is not ensured.

 The present invention is based on the task of creating a method for the development of musical hearing and a device for its implementation, in which the ratio between the color of the character imitating the note and the sound of this note would ensure the establishment of strong objective synthetic color-sound associations.

 The problem is solved in that in the method of developing musical hearing, which consists in the fact that the relational steps of a musical sound-high-altitude system are represented in the form of graphic characters of different colors, according to the invention, steps are used as steps of six basic authentic natural diatonic modes located at a distance pure fifths from one another in the form of an imaginary open twelve-sonic fifth chain, while the colors of the signs are chosen in accordance with the colors of the rainbow spectrum, artificially divided into twelve parts, in the order in which these colors are in the rainbow, and the transfer of any step of the fifth chain to a distance multiple of an octave does not affect the color of the sign corresponding to this step.

 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the steps of the fifth chain (for tonality with the tonic “Do” it will be: D flat-flat, flat-flat, flat-flat, -to-salt-flat-sharp) are placed in in the form of chromatic gamma using octave and multi-octave hyphenation, the number of characters whose colors are chosen in accordance with the colors of the rainbow spectrum depends on the number of gamma steps used in the learning process.

 In the present invention, in such a relationship between color and sound, an objective element is present, namely, sounds whose acoustic frequencies, while reproducing to the least extent, interfere with each other, correspond to the colors of the spectrum, whose electromagnetic frequencies, while reproducing, also give the least interference. A number of consequences arise from this connection. For example, a tonic symbolizing a state of rest will always be green. From psychology, at the same time, the property of green color to produce the impression of peace is known. All major steps have warm colors, all minor are cold. All large and increased intervals have a warmer color above than below, all small and reduced intervals are vice versa. Thus, the theoretical and practical (auditory) mastering of the mood mode (majority and minor minority) of both individual steps and intervals is facilitated, which contributes to the more rapid development of musical hearing. The well-known color musical synesthetic systems of Scriabin and Rimsky-Korsakov are subjective. The prototype also proposes the use of subjective (namely, conventional, existing only by agreement) color-sound associations.

 The present invention is based on objective regularity and ensures the establishment of durable objective synthetic color-sound associations.

 In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, each sign is positioned depending on the direction of the mode of gravitations of the sound imitated by this sign, while the signs imitating stable and unstable steps perform different geometric shapes.

 It is highly advisable that signs imitating unstable steps would be in the form of rhombs, each of which is divided into two triangles with vertices facing in opposite directions, symbolizing descending and ascending mode gravitations, and signs imitating stable steps should have a different geometric shape.

 This embodiment of the invention gives a full visual representation of the musical sound altitude system, reflecting the relations of gravitation-repulsion in the tonal system and giving instructions for proper intonation with a tendency to increase or decrease the corresponding steps.

 The problem is also solved by the fact that in the device for the development of musical hearing, containing a panel with a stave, guides located across the stave, and imitating musical notes elements of different colors, located on the guides with the ability to move and fix in a given position and the number of which corresponds to the number of relational steps of the gamut, according to the invention, the elements are located on the rails in a sequence that reproduces the gamut, the steps of which consist of correspondingly about this gamut of the number of steps of the six basic authentic natural diatonic modes, all of which, in order to select colors for signs corresponding to one or another step, are placed at a pure fifth distance from each other in the form of an imaginary open twelve-sound fifth chain, and the colors of the signs are chosen in accordance with the colors of the rainbow spectrum artificially divided into twelve parts, in the order in which these colors are in the rainbow, and the transfer of any step of the fifth chain to the races being by octave units does not affect the color of the sign corresponding to this stage.

 The device provides the ability to manipulate the elements of a musical high-altitude system, to present musical notes in a particularly visual form, enriched with additional objective synesthetic associations, contributing to the rapid and stable formation of musical hearing.

Other objectives and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of examples of its implementation and the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method according to the invention; FIG. 2 device for implementing the method according to the invention; FIG. 3 is an embodiment of a device according to the invention; FIG. 4, 5 diagrams illustrating variants of the method according to the invention; FIG. 6 embodiment of the device according to the invention.

 A way of developing musical hearing is that the relational steps of a musical pitch system are represented in the form of graphic characters of different colors. The steps use the steps of the six main authentic natural diatonic modes, located at a distance of a pure fifth from one another in the form of an imaginary open twelve-sound fifth chain, while the colors of the signs are selected in accordance with the colors of the rainbow spectrum artificially divided into twelve parts, in the order in which these colors are in the rainbow, and the transfer of any step of the fifth chain to a distance multiple of an octave does not affect the color of the sign corresponding to this step. The steps of the fifth chain using octave and multi-octave transfers are arranged in the form of a chromatic scale. The number of characters whose colors are selected in accordance with the colors of the rainbow spectrum depends on the number of gamma steps used in the learning process.

до фа# то получим следующее соответствие звуков и цветов для тональности с тоникой "До" (снизу вверх):
фа# алый
си красный
ми оранжевый
ля желтый
ре лимонный
соль салатовый
до зеленый
фа аквамариновый
си % голубой
ми % синий
ля % сине-фиолетовый
ре % фиолетовый
Названия нот могут быть заменены номерами ступеней и тогда данная цепочка цветозвуковых ассоциаций может быть распространена на любую тональность, при этом ступени до-мажора (до, ре, ми, фа, соль, ля, си) обозначим цифрами от 1 до 7, а остальные ступени теми же цифрами со знаками альтерации:
4# алый
7 красный
3 оранжевый
6 желтый
2 лимонный
5 салатовый
1 зеленый
4 аквамариновый
7 % голубой
3 % синий
6 % сине-фиолетовый
2 % фиолетовый
В такой связи между цветом и звуком присутствует, как уже говорилось выше, объективный элемент, а именно звуки, акустические частоты которых при одновременном воспроизведении в наименьшей степени интерферируют друг с другом, соответствуют цветам спектра, чьи электромагнитные частоты при одновременном воспроизведении также дают наименьшую интерференцию.If for example we take the twelve-sound fifth chain from re

before fa # then we get the following correspondence of sounds and colors for the tonality with the tonic "Do" (from bottom to top):
fa # scarlet
si red
mi orange
la yellow
re lemon
lime green
up to green
fa aquamarine
si% blue
mi% blue
la% blue violet
re% purple
The names of notes can be replaced by the numbers of steps and then this chain of color-sound associations can be extended to any tonality, while the C major steps (C, D, E, F, S, A, C) are denoted by numbers from 1 to 7, and the rest steps with the same numbers with signs of alteration:
4 # scarlet
7 red
3 orange
6 yellow
2 lemon
5 lime
1 green
4 aquamarine
7% blue
3% blue
6% blue violet
2% purple
In this connection between color and sound, as mentioned above, there is an objective element, namely sounds, the acoustic frequencies of which, while reproducing to the least extent, interfere with each other, correspond to the colors of the spectrum, whose electromagnetic frequencies during simultaneous reproduction also give the least interference.

 In FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the proposed method and is a color-graphic model of tonality.

 In the depicted in FIG. In the diagram 1, all unstable steps are symbolized by rhombs formed by two triangles, the upper of which symbolizes the ascending gravity, and the lower one descends. Stable steps are symbolized by rectangles (instead of rectangles, other geometric shapes can be used, for example, circles, squares, etc.).

 Such a scheme gives a full visual representation of the musical sound system and reflects the relations of gravitational-repulsive in the tonal system. For example, the 6th stage gravitates to 7% and is repelled from 6%.

 In FIG. 2 presents a device for implementing the proposed method. The device comprises a panel 8 with a stave 9, guides 10 located across the stave, and elements 11 simulating notes. Elements 11 are located on the rails 10 with the possibility of movement and fixing in a predetermined position.

 The shape of the elements 11 and their arrangement on the guides 10 is similar to FIG. 1, that is, the elements 11 are arranged in a specific order simulating chromatic gamma.

 In FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a device for implementing the method in which the elements 11 have the same round shape in the form of buttons, and their colors are arranged in the sequence depicted in FIG. one.

 This embodiment of the invention allows us to maintain the relationship between the relational steps and the colors of the spectrum, but the connection between the form of the elements 11, the distinction between the stability and instability of the steps and the direction of the mode of gravity is lost.

 The absence of a key in the stave 9, in FIG. 2, 3 due to the fact that the key in these figures may be different.

 When studying various modes, it makes sense to use the arrangement of elements 11 shown in FIG. 1 so that part of the triangles imitating the steps that are absent in one or another fret have a neutral color (white, black, gray, etc.), which is absent in the rainbow spectrum. With this method, the steps of this particular fret will be highlighted, which will facilitate the work with the scheme at the initial stage of training.

 In FIG. 4 is a diagram for studying natural major, and FIG. 5 natural minor.

 In FIG. 6 shows a variant of the device for implementing the proposed method.

 The device comprises a panel 8 with two staves 9 in the treble and bass clefs and a mixture of colored elements 11 imitating the scale levels. All elements 11 are made in the form of round buttons, mounted on guides 10 located on the panel 8 across the stave. If the steps of natural major are simulated, then the color sequence of the elements 11 will be the same as in FIG. 4, if it is a natural minor, then the color sequence corresponds to FIG. 5.

 Thus, for any seven-stage scale (not only the natural major and minor shown in Figs. 4 and 5 are possible), the colors of the elements 11 will correspond to those colors that will be selected for this purpose from Fig. 1.

 Example 1

 At the first stage of teaching children, it is proposed to use the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 6, wherein the elements 11 must have colors in accordance with FIG. 4.

 a. Each step of the fret is given a relational name depending on which relational solimization system the teacher is inclined to adhere to. This may be the English system of J. Curwen, "Tonic sol-fa method", the German system of A. Hundegger (A. Hundoegger, "Tonika Do-Lehre"), the Hungarian system 3. Kodaya (Z.Kodaly) , Estonian system of H. Kaljuste (H. Kaljuste), adopted in Russia and in other countries of the former USSR, and others. The author in his work uses his own modification of the system of H. Kaliuste and partially of other systems.

 b. The teacher sets element 11 on a randomly selected musical scale (or in the “window”) and designates it as one of the steps of the fret, offering to put some other level of the fret next to this note.

 c. The teacher plays the piano melodic cadence of three notes. The student installs it on a “device” (for example, having previously selected it on the piano), the teacher plays a different cadence, in which one note is changed compared to the previous one. The student replaces button 11 in the “cadence record” and checks the piano, then sings with the names of the steps or with the names of the notes.

 Thus, the student is prepared to record a musical dictation. Using the device of FIG. 6 and diagrams (Fig. 4) facilitates the implementation of this exercise and does not allow to make obvious mistakes (for example, to establish the second stage under the first).

 On the proposed device, it is possible to study other keys (alto, tenor and so on) by correlating the keys already studied with the newly learned ones. In this case, two devices are needed, one of which is used by the student, and the other by the teacher.

 In addition, the training of recording a two-voice dictation and the development of harmonic thinking (in a version of the device made in two colors, symbolizing long and short sounds) can be significantly accelerated.

 Example 2

 Solving the melodies by relational syllables is performed according to the scheme depicted in FIG. 4 (if the melody is in major), or in FIG. 5 (if the melody is in minor), or in FIG. 1 for a later stage of training using a variety of modes.

 Example 3

 Dictations are "recorded" in various frets using various device variants depicted in FIG. 2, 3, 6.

 Example 4

 Melodies are composed in various modes using the device variants depicted in FIG. 2, 3, 6.

 Example 5

 The structure of various modes is studied using the device variants shown in FIG. 2, 3.

Claims (5)

 1. A method of developing musical hearing, in which the relational steps of a musical high-altitude system are represented in the form of graphical signs of different colors, characterized in that the steps use the steps of six basic authentic natural diatonic modes located at a distance of a pure fifth from one another in in the form of an imaginary open twelve-sound fifth chain, while the colors of the signs are chosen in accordance with the colors of the rainbow spectrum artificially divided into twelve parts her, in the order in which these colors are in the rainbow.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the steps of the fifth chain are arranged in the form of a chromatic scale, while the number of characters whose colors are selected in accordance with the colors of the rainbow spectrum depend on the number of steps in the gamut used in the learning process.  3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that each sign is placed depending on the direction of the mode of gravitations of the sound imitated by this sign, while the signs imitating stable and unstable steps perform different geometric shapes.  4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the signs imitating unstable steps are made in the form of rhombs, each of which is divided into two triangles with vertices facing in opposite directions, symbolizing descending and ascending mode gravitations.  5. A device for developing musical hearing, comprising a panel with a stave, guides located across the stave and imitating musical signs elements of different colors, located on the guides with the ability to move and fix in a predetermined position, characterized in that the elements are located on the guides in sequence reproducing the gamut, the steps of which consist of the corresponding number of steps of the six main authentic natural diatonic modes, all of whose steps are laid in the form of an imaginary open twelve-sonic fifth chain, while the colors of the elements are selected in accordance with the colors of the rainbow spectrum artificially divided into twelve parts in the order in which these colors are in the rainbow.

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