RU2075276C1 - Pneumatic seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, bulk material seeders. SUBSTANCE: seeder has leveling and distributing apparatus composed of coaxial vertical pipelines. Outer pipeline has distributing head positioned at its upper part. Upper cover of distributing head has central opening of diameter equal to outer diameter of inner pipeline. Injection gate with stabilizer for leveling of supplied air flow is positioned in lower part of outer pipeline. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction, uniform distribution of bulk material and provision for simultaneous seeding of two or more bulk materials. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to pneumatic seeders for sowing bulk materials.

 Known grain-seeder seeders SZT-3.6 A for row sowing of seeds of grain crops; loose, medium-flowing grass seeds under the cover of cereals with a total row spacing of 75 mm, loose, medium-flowing and non-flowing grass seeds with a total row spacing of 75 mm, one type of grass in its pure form with a total row spacing of 150 mm; grass seeds on the testes, as well as the introduction of granular superphosphate in the sown rows at the same time as sowing seeds from the grain box, and the grain-grass stubble seeder STS-6, STS-12 and others. However, these seeders are metal-intensive, difficult to operate and require a seeder for servicing during sowing. Known seeders grain grass stubble STS 2.1 and others. However, these seeders are also metal-intensive and difficult to operate. Known grain-fertilizer seeders SZ-3.6 for row sowing of seeds of grain, small and medium seed legumes with the simultaneous introduction of granular mineral fertilizers into the soil, grain-seeded press seeders SZP-3.6 A, grain-seeded combined seeders SZK-3.3, grain-seeded seeders Press SZP-8, SZP-12, SZP-16 and others.

 However, these seeders are metal-intensive and unreliable in operation.

 Known seeders with pneumatic distribution device. However, these seeders need constructive refinement of the distributor and the metering unit.

 Known pneumatic seeders of the company "Accord Pneumatik" (Germany), equipped with a running gear, a capacity for seed, a metering unit, a fan, a vertical column, a distribution head, hoses and coulters.

 This seeder, by its technical nature and the achieved result, is a prototype of the seeder we have proposed. However, Accord Pneumatik seeders are designed for sowing only one type of bulk material and cannot simultaneously sow two or more types of bulk material.

 The aim of the invention is the creation of a pneumatic seeder for simultaneous sowing of two or more types of bulk materials.

 In FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic seeder in cross section with a vertical plane; in FIG. 2 cross sections AA; Bb; B-B leveling and distributing device; in FIG. 3 view of the stabilizer, in section by a vertical plane; in FIG. 4 technological process of a pneumatic seeder, in cross section with a vertical plane.

 For sowing the first type of bulk material, the seeder contains a vertical pipe 1, a distribution head 2, hoses 3 for transporting the sowing material to the coulters, a container 4 for sowing material, a metering device 5 of the sowing material, an injection gateway 6, a pipe 7 for supplying compressed air and a fan 8.

 For sowing the second type of bulk material, the seeder contains a pipe 9 for supplying compressed air, a stabilizer 10, an injection gate 11, a metering device 12 for seed, a container 13 for seed, a vertical pipe 14, which is installed on a vertical pipe 1 at a certain distance from the injection gate 6 , and form in plan a concentric circle, a distribution head 15, the top cover 16 of which has a hole in the center whose diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the vertical pipe 1 and hoses 17 for transportation of the sowing material.

 For sowing the third type of bulk material, the seeder contains a vertical pipe 18, which is installed on the outer vertical pipe 14 at some distance from the injection gate 11, and the pipelines 1, 14, 18 form concentric circles in plan (Fig. 2), the distribution head 19, the upper a cover 20 of which has an opening in the center for the passage of the vertical pipe 14, a container 21 for seed, a metering device 22 for the seed, an injection gateway 23, a stabilizer 24 and a pipe 25 for supplying compressed air.

 The leveling and distributing device of the proposed pneumatic seeder is made in the form of coaxially arranged vertical pipelines, the outer pipe having a distribution head at the top, the top cover of which has a hole in the center, the diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the inner pipe, and the injection lock 11 in the lower part of the outer pipe with stabilizer 10 for equalizing the supplied air flow.

 The stabilizer 10 of FIG. 3 is formed by an internal vertical pipe 1, a pipe 27, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the vertical external pipe 14, a conical washer 26 at the base with an opening for connecting the pipe 9 for supplying compressed air. The axis of the pipe 9 forms with the axis of the equalizing and distributing device an angle α of FIG. 3.

 Vertical pipelines 14 and 18 of the leveling and distributing device of the seeder differ from vertical piping 1 in that the injected air with the bulk material transported does not enter the cylindrical vertical piping, but into the inter-space between two adjacent pipelines.

 For sowing one type of bulk material, not a cylindrical vertical pipe, but an interwall space between two concentric pipes can be used.

 The container for sowing bulk materials, dispensers and injection locks can be mounted separately, for example on a tractor, and feed the bulk material with pumped air into vertical pipelines with dividing heads, which can be mounted on a mounted or trailed machine or unit.

 A pneumatic seeder for simultaneous sowing of two or more types of bulk materials (Fig. 4) works as follows.

 The running wheel through the drive mechanism causes the metering unit to rotate, which feed the required amount of seed from the containers to the injection locks. The fan delivers injected air through the injection locks, where the seed is captured and transported through vertical pipelines to the distribution heads, which evenly distribute the seed to the required number of flows, which are sent to the hoses and then to the coulters.

 The proposed pneumatic seeder will find application in the simultaneous row sowing of crops, grasses and tuks, as well as grasses under the cover of crops and the introduction of granular superphosphate in the sowing rows at the same time as sowing crops.

 An experimental sample of the proposed seeder was manufactured and tested at the Lida Car Repair Plant (Republic of Belarus). In laboratory tests by repeated experiments with different diameters of the outer pipe with compressed air and transported seed not in a round vertical pipe, but in the inter-wall space between the inner and outer pipelines with the necessary nodes specified in the application, the same uniformity can be obtained for sowing bulk material distribution of the seed to the coulters and the stability of the seed drill as when feeding the seed to the cylindrical inner tube rovod and some loose material uniformity and stability of the seed has been even better.

Claims (2)

 1. A pneumatic seeder containing a fan with a drive, containers with metering devices and an equalizing and distributing device in the form of a vertical pipe with a distribution head and hoses for coulters, characterized in that it is equipped with additional containers with dispensers for other types of materials and coaxially arranged relative to leveling and distributing devices with additional leveling and distributing devices in the form of vertical pipelines with distribution heads and connecting rods, in which each dispensing head cover outer conduit has a central opening with a diameter equal to the outer diameter of the inner pipe and the bottom of each outer pipe is injected with stabilizer gateway formed around the inner conduit.  2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the stabilizers is formed by internal and external vertical pipelines and a conical washer installed in the base of the external pipeline with an opening for connecting the pipeline at an angle to the axis of the leveling and distributing device.

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