RU2073399C1 - Express method for examination of seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves comparing reflection spectra of seeds to reference standards at wavelengths 1,100-2,500 nm. EFFECT: quicker method. 2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agricultural production and can be used in the cultivation of crops in modern crop production for express phyto-examination of seeds of various crops.

Currently, in agricultural practice, the following methods are used to determine the quality of seed material: macroscopic, centrifugation, biological and luminescent [1] and [2]
The macroscopic method consists in determining the purity of the seeds (the presence of impurities in the mass) by viewing them visually or with a magnifier.

 By centrifugation, smut spores on seeds are determined. To do this, two samples of 100 seeds are counted from different places of the middle sample (until the samples are extracted from it), placed in test tubes, filled with 10 ml of water and shaken for 1 to 10 minutes, depending on the surface of the seeds.

 After that, the water from the samples is poured into a separate centrifuge tube and centrifuged for 3 minutes. (150 revolutions of the centrifuge handle in 3 minutes).

 At the end of centrifugation, water from each tube is drained, the pellet is agitated with a pipette, five preparations are prepared and viewed under a microscope over the entire area of the coverslip. When spores are detected, the type of fungus to which they belong is established.

 The biological method is based on stimulating the growth of microorganisms in infected seeds. Infection is determined by germinating them in a humid chamber or on nutrient media. Germination is carried out from 7 to 14 days.

 After germination, the seeds are examined under a microscope and the percentage of diseased seeds infected with certain types of diseases is established.

 Existing methods of phyto-examination are very laborious, the analysis takes a lot of working time (the duration of the biological method is 7.14 days).

Closest to the proposed method is a luminescent method
prototype.

 The luminescent method is that the seeds are laid out on black paper and placed under an ultraviolet illuminator. At the same time, healthy seeds shine with one light, and those infected with another (depending on the type of crop). The method is used for preliminary analysis of the phytosanitary state of seeds.

 The disadvantages of the method include the fact that it allows you to assess the damage to the seeds of grain crops only by smut smut.

 The aim of the present invention is the ability to reliably assess the phytosanitary condition of seeds of agricultural crops, in the optimal time to etch them, to reduce the complexity of phyto-examination.

 This is achieved by using the IKA-6250 infrared analyzer for express phyto-examination of seeds of agricultural crops.

 The physics of the method lies in the fact that the intensity of the reflected infrared radiation from healthy seeds is less than from the diseased.

 Example. A crushed sample of barley seeds weighing 5 grams is poured into a cuvette and installed in the analyzer. The spectrum of reflected radiation from the surface of the sample is taken at wavelengths of 1100.2500 nanometers. Analysis duration (with sample preparation) 30 minutes. The duration of the analysis without sample preparation is 2 minutes.

 The results of phyto-examination of identical batches of barley seeds are given in table. 1 (macroscopic and biological methods) in both the figure and table 2 (using an infrared analyzer).

 The figure shows the horizontal wavelengths of the infrared analyzer in nanometers, and the vertical optical density OP, which estimates the intensity of the reflected radiation.

OD log [1 / R (W)]
where R is the reflection coefficient of infrared radiation at a wavelength of W.

Statistical analysis of express phyto-examination of seeds (see Fig. Curve 1 - healthy grain and curve 5 affected grain) showed the accuracy of the discrepancy between the compared means by Student's criterion at a 95% probability level (t _calc. 2.87; t _table. 2.04 ; 2.87> 2.04). The accuracy of the experiments was 1.5 1.6%. The data of analysis of other samples are similar to the above.

 A comparative analysis of the results of express phyto-examination of seeds with the results of macroscopic and biological methods (Table 1) shows the reality of the difference in the damage of conditionally healthy seeds (samples 1 and 2) from the infected ones (samples 3, 4, 5 and 6).

 The prototype of the proposed method is luminescent did not give a reliable result on seed damage by other diseases, since there was no damage to samples of smut smut.

Using the proposed method of express phyto-examination of seeds of agricultural crops provides, in comparison with known methods, the following advantages:
reliably assess the phytosanitary condition of agricultural crops;
in the optimal time to carry out their pickling;
reduce the complexity of the analysis.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of rapid phytoexpertise of seeds of agricultural crops, including determining the seed damage by comparing their reflection spectra with a control, characterized in that a comparative assessment of the damage of the samples is carried out by the optical density of the reflection spectrum of an infrared analyzer at a wavelength of 1100 2500 nanometers.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the assessment of the defeat of barley seeds is carried out at a wavelength of infrared analyzer 1100 1340 nanometers.

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