RU2070672C1 - Hydraulic ram - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fluid-pressure actuators. SUBSTANCE: hydraulic ram consists of two vessels, one of the vessels being inserted in the other. The outer vessel is open from the top. The calibrated siphon pipe passes through the wall of the outer vessel. The bent of the pipe is at the level of the top edge of the outer vessel. The ends of the branches are inside the space of the outer vessel and the space of the air cap, respectively. Air is discharged into the space of the air cap through the calibrated siphon pipe at a given rate. The inner vessel is closed and in communication with the outer vessel through orifices. In addition the wall of the inner vessel are provided with an opening provided with a rod connected with the delivery valve. The outer and inner vessels as well as system of orifices and rod form a hydraulic locking unit that shuts off the delivery valve when water reaches a critical level. Automatic restoration of air is provided with a special drain valve mounted on the air cap and connected with the shutoff valve mounted on the delivery pipe line and with the air valve mounted in the top portion of the air cap. EFFECT: improved design. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of non-drive pumps, in particular, hydraulic rams, and allows for automatic replenishment of air in the air cap.

 Existing designs of hydraulic rams do not have reliable devices for replenishing the air supply and air cap. The use of special compressors for this purpose increases the cost and complicates the operation.

Famous hydraulic ram TG-2 developed by D.I. Trembovelsky (Trembovelsky D.I. Hydraulic rams for simple water supply systems. Publishing House of the Ministry of Public Utilities of the RSFSR. M. 1956.), in which a special tube is used to replenish the air supply, connecting the mouth of an elongated pipe under the discharge valve with an annular cavity located around the seat box of the jack valve. The disadvantages of this design are:
the unreliability of the special tube in the presence of suspended particles and litter in the water stream;
lack of a reliable and accurate way to determine and control the amount of air in the air cap;
increase in ramming height due to the elongated nozzle under the discharge valve.

 Closest to the invention is a hydraulic ram described in the copyright certificate N 1448123 from 09.02.87. The essence of this invention is that to replenish the air supply in the air hood, a flat or conical perforated insert is used, which is designed to separate the air dissolved in it from the water. The design is simple, has no regulatory elements operating in a polluted water stream.

 The disadvantage of this design is the lack of a reliable and accurate way to determine and control the amount of air in the air cap.

 An object of the present invention is to provide automatic replenishment of air in an air cap.

 This problem is achieved by the fact that, in a hydraulic ram containing discharge and supply pipelines, shock and discharge valves, a rod connected to the discharge valve, an air cap and a device for replenishing the air cap with air, the latter is made in the form of two vessels embedded in each other. The outer vessel is open at the top and the position of its upper edge can be adjusted, depending on the height of the water supply. A calibrated siphon tube is thrown over the wall of the outer vessel, and the elbow of this tube should be at the level of the upper edge of the outer vessel, and the ends of the branches are in the cavity of the outer vessel and in the cavity of the air cap, respectively. A calibrated siphon tube empties the outer vessel into the cavity of the air cap at the required speed. The inner vessel is closed, however, it communicates with the outer vessel with calibrated holes. The location and size of the holes should provide the necessary speed of filling and emptying the cavity of the inner vessel, depending on the mode of operation. In addition, in the wall of the inner vessel there is an opening with a rod located in it, connected with the discharge valve. The outer and inner vessels with a system of calibrated holes and a rod form a hydraulic locking device that locks the discharge valve when the water reaches a critical level. Automatic updating of the air supply is carried out by a special drain valve connected to the shut-off valve installed between the air cap and the discharge pipe, and the air valve installed in the upper part of the air cap.

 It is known in the art to use the property of fluid incompressibility and the effect of liquids passing through calibrated holes in various hydraulic devices such as hydraulic amplifiers, buffers, shock absorbers, etc. In all these mechanisms, due to the high hydraulic resistance, calibrated holes provide damping of vibrations of moving parts. The use of calibrated holes for locking the movable elements of hydraulic machines by the author was not found. In the present invention, due to the extremely short duration of operation of the discharge valve (under the influence of water hammer in the supply pipe), it is possible to use the limited throughput of the calibrated holes for locking the hydraulic cavity. So, for example, if you use the shank of the discharge valve of the well-known Trembovelsky ram as a rod in a closed vessel, installed coaxially with the discharge valve, it is possible to obtain the effect of locking the cavity of the closed vessel when the discharge valve moves. As long as there is air in the cavity of the vessel, the discharge valve will move freely, fulfilling its function. As soon as the cavity of the vessel, through the calibrated holes, is filled with water, hydraulic locking of the cavity will occur, the stem will stop moving and the ban, thus the discharge valve.

 As an example of a specific implementation, consider the following construction.

In FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic ram in water injection mode, FIG. 2 shows the mode of locking the discharge valve and discharge pipe and the beginning of the emptying of the air cap,
Where:
1. The supply pipeline;
2. Impact valve;
3. Pressure valve;
4. Air cap;
5. The outer vessel;
6. The inner vessel with calibrated holes;
7. Injection pipeline;
8. drain valve;
9. Shut-off valve;
10. Air valve;
11. Siphon tube.

 In the presented hydraulic ram, there is a supply pipe 1 with a shock valve 2. The cavity of the supply pipe 1 through the discharge valve 3 communicates with the cavity of the air cap 4. In the air cap 4 there is an outer vessel 5 in the form of a glass open on top, and the position of its upper edge can be adjusted by height. Inside the outer vessel 5 is located the inner vessel 6 in the form of a closed glass with calibrated holes on the side and top surfaces. In the lower end wall of the inner vessel 6 there is an opening in which the rod is connected, connected to the discharge valve 3. The air cap 4 is connected to the consumer via the discharge pipe 7. The drain valve 8, connected to the shut-off valve 9, communicates the cavity of the air cap 4 with a drain. A shut-off valve 9 is installed between the air cap 4 and the discharge pipe 7. In the upper part of the air cap 4 there is an air valve 10. A siphon tube 11 is thrown over the wall of the outer vessel 5, its knee being at the level of the upper edge of the outer vessel 5, and the ends of its branches are below the level of the upper calibrated hole of the inner vessel 6.

 The hydraulic ram works as follows: when a hydraulic shock arises in the supply pipe 1 created by the shock valve 2, the discharge valve 3 passes part of the water into the air cap 4. The discharge valve 3 works in the discharge mode until the amount of air in the air cap 4 is sufficient for the stable operation of the ram. A sufficient amount of air is determined by the water level in the air cap 4 and is adjusted by the installation height of the upper edge of the outer vessel 5. As soon as the water level in the air cap 4 becomes higher than the level of the upper edge of the outer vessel 5, its cavity and the cavity of the inner vessel 6 are filled through calibrated openings. Due to the incompressibility of the water and the low throughput of the calibrated holes, the discharge valve 3 is locked, the guide rod of which is located in the cavity of the inner vessel 6. Water does not enter the air cap 4. The resulting pressure drop between the cavity of the air cap 4 and the discharge pipe 7 leads to the opening of the drain valve 8, which simultaneously cuts off the discharge pipe 7 from the air cover 4, by means of a shut-off valve 9. There is a free discharge of water from the air cover 4, while the air supply is replenished through air valve 10. The water level in the outer vessel 5 decreases much more slowly, since the drain is carried out through a siphon tube 11, which has a certain throughput. All this leads to the fact that the discharge valve 3 remains closed until the air cap 4 is completely empty. When the water level in the vessel 5 drops to the level of the upper calibrated hole of the inner vessel 6, the cavity of the inner vessel 6 starts to empty, which will unlock the discharge valve 3. Ram starts to supply water to the air cap 4. The capacity of the discharge valve 3 is higher than the capacity of the drain valve 8, as a result of which the water level rises and the pressure rises in the air cap 4. When a sufficient pressure for injection, discharge valve 8 is closed, opening the shutoff valve 9. The ram operates in normal mode injection until the next update required air supply, whereupon the cycle repeats. Thus, automatic replenishment of air in the air hood is ensured, thereby reducing the cost of routine maintenance and maintenance of hydraulic ram installations.

Claims (1)

 A hydraulic ram containing discharge and supply pipelines, shock and discharge valves, a rod connected to the discharge valve, an air cap and a device for replenishing the air cap with air located inside the cavity of the air cap, characterized in that a drain valve connecting the cavity is introduced into the hydraulic ram air cap with drain, shut-off valve mounted on the discharge pipe and connected to the drain valve, and the air valve connecting the air cushion at the air cap with atmosphere, while the device for replenishing the air cap with air is made in the form of a calibrated siphon tube and two vessels installed one inside the other, the outer vessel made open from above, and the inner vessel installed on the bottom of the outer vessel closed. a hole is made in which a rod connected to the discharge valve is placed and calibrated holes on the side surface and the upper bottom, the upper bottom of the inner vessel is placed below the edge of the upper open cp the outer vessel, and the siphon calibrated tube is mounted on the outer cup so that its elbow is at the level of the edge of the open cut of the outer vessel, one end is placed in the cavity of the outer vessel, the other in the cavity of the air cap and both ends of the tube are lowered below the upper calibrated hole of the inner vessel .

Images