RU2069560C1 - Substance for poison adsorption - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, toxicology. SUBSTANCE: method involves the use substance containing carbon and noncarbon sorbents and binding agent. Entosorbent consists of, wt. -%: carbon fibrous adsorbent 40-80; sodium alginate 4-10, and water 5-10. Degree of activation of adsorbent carbofibration is 30-70 wt. -%, particle size is 20-200 mcm, diameter of elemental fibers is 6-14 mcm. EFFECT: enhanced quality of exo- and endogeneous poisons. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to enterosorbents for widespread use in medicine, having high efficiency of sorption of poisons of both exogenous and endogenous origin and high ease of use.

 Sorption methods of detoxification of the body are now taking shape in the direction of medicine, called "essential".

 In 1830, the French pharmacist Turey demonstrated an impressive experiment at a meeting of the Academy of Sciences: he took a lethal dose of strychnine and successfully neutralized the effect of the poison with charcoal. The first doctor to use activated charcoal for therapeutic purposes was probably the American Hort, who saved a patient poisoned by mercuric chloride.

 In recent years, interest in the treatment of exogenous and endogenous poisoning has significantly increased, due to the increasing production and accumulation in the environment of a mass of chemical products and an increasing contact of the population with these products.

 As a result of this, there is a need to improve the method of decor cleansing the body of toxic products. However, clinical experience with the use of enterosorbents approved for medical use indicates that the effectiveness of their oral administration in certain poisonings is clearly insufficient. In the literature, works appeared on the creation and testing of activated carbons with improved sorption characteristics for enterosorption. In the medical practice of the USSR, medical activated charcoal, previously called "carbolene", is widely used as an enterosorbent; an adsorbent from lignin-polyphepan is used. In the world, active charcoal from wood or coke nut bones is mainly used for these purposes, some types of natural plant sorbents of bran, cake, etc. are also used.

 The most effective among them are granular activated carbons, which, however, have an insufficient sorption rate and low sorption capacity for poisons of endogenous origin.

 It is known to use a carbon fiber adsorbent-vaulen as an enterosorbent.

 Vaulen is a 100th carbon fiber adsorbent dispersed on particles from 5 to 500 μm (Perlin V. A. Fridman L. I. Tarasova V. V. Carbon fiber sorbents. / VNIIVProekt. M. NIITEKHIM, 1987 (Chem. Pr-t Chemical fiber industry. Overview. Inf.) When the elementary fiber diameter is 6 16 μm, grinding to a size smaller and very close to the diameter (5 15 μm) leads to a violation of its porous structure and, consequently, a decrease in sorption capacity.

 Vaulen powder is electrically conductive, dusting causes an electrical short circuit of electrical equipment, smokes nearby surfaces.

 However, this substance does not have sufficient adsorption capacity relative to exogenous poisons.

 A drawback of the sorbent is the extreme technological inconvenience of its administration: a long-fiber form (5 mm or more) (actylene) does not pass through the catheter, creating plugs, sticks to the larynx, and causes discomfort. The dispersed form (vaulen) of a particle of 20,200 microns dusts, polluting the surface, causing short circuits in the electrical network (the material is electrically conductive).

 The technical task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of sorption of poisons of endogenous origin while enhancing the convenience of clinical use.

 The technical problem is solved in that the substance for adsorption of poisons containing carbon and non-carbon sorbents and a binder, characterized in that the enterosorbent consists of, by weight. carbon fiber adsorbent 40 80; sodium alginine 4 10; water 5-10, while the degree of activation of the carbon fiber adsorbent 30 70 particle size 20 200 microns, the diameter of the elementary fibers 6 14 microns.

 A substance for adsorption of poisons, in which the carbon fiber adsorbent is made in the form of fibrous activated carbon based on cellulosic material.

 The authors carried out experimental work to determine the intervals of the ingredients of the substance. When studying the sorption activity of a substance, the minimum (40) and maximum (80) amount of carbon fiber adsorbent provides the necessary limit of sorption capacity for poisons of exo- and endogenous origin. The amount of binders (15 50) of the substances ensures the preservation of the sorption capacity of the carbon fiber sorbent in the granules of the enterosorbent, and sodium alginate (4 10) significantly increases it with respect to poisons of endogenous origin; sufficient strength of the granules, ensuring their long-term storage and transportation by all means of transport; rapid disintegration of granules into dispersed particles in contact with water or biological fluids. The use of each of the proposed ingredients separately does not lead to the desired effect: the difficulties of using one carbon fiber adsorbent are described above, the use of sodium alginate alone does not provide sorption of exogenous poisons and sufficient sorption of endogenous poisons, as well as the necessary sorption rate. The combined use of ingredients enhances the sorption properties, provides manufacturability (convenience) of use, storage and transportation.

 The grinding of the carbon fiber adsorbent in a segment of less than 20 μm leads to the destruction of its porous structure and, accordingly, a sharp decrease in sorption capacity. Segments over 200 microns are capable in a dispersion medium: water, gastric juice: aggregate and create plugs in the catheter. Carbon fibers with a diameter of less than 2 microns, like all solids of this size, begin to react with the body at the cellular level, which can lead to disruption of the immune system. Diameters 6 to 14 μm cover the entire range of diameters of carbon fibers from industrially produced cellulose fibers. The degree of activation of 30 is determined by the minimum sufficient sorption capacity, and 70 by the strength characteristics of the fiber.

 As binders, a substance is widely used in medicine, which itself is a sorbent that is rapidly soluble in water and biological fluids: gastric juice, saliva. Such material is sodium alginate. The second constituent of the binder is sugar. Sugar and sodium alginate are introduced into the composition in the form of an aqueous syrup. After the formation of the granules and their drying, 5 10 water remains in them. Enterosorbent granules do not dust, have a sweet taste, are easily taken orally, including by children. In the esophagus, sodium alginate and sugar dissolve and the enterosorbent passes into a finely divided state. If it is necessary to use enterosorbent for patients in a coma, they make a suspension of granules in water and inject it through a probe.

 The proposed formulation of the substance is characterized by the examples given in the table.

 Example 1. With a maximum content of carbon fiber sorbent (80) and a minimum of sodium alginate (4), the substance has a maximum sorption capacity for exogenous poisons: methylene blue and chlorophos and a minimum capacity for endotoxins: Escherichia coli and uric acid.

 Example 2. The minimum content of carbon fiber sorbent (40) and maximum sodium alginate (10) maintain a high sorption of endoxins due to the enhanced action of sodium alginate in the presence of a carbon fiber sorbent and sufficient sorption of exoyads.

 Example 3. Low levels of carbon fiber sorbent (50) and sodium alginate (4) lead to a sharp decrease in the sorption of endoyads.

 Example 4. Intermediate in terms of between examples 1 and 2.

 The degree of activation of the carbon fiber sorbent (30–70), the diameter of elementary fibers 6–14 μm and the particle length of the fiber 20–200 μm provide the necessary sorption on exogenous poisons, the rate of sorption and passage of dispersed particles through the catheter.

The carbon fiber adsorbent, which is part of the enterosorbent, is prepared from carbon fiber based on cellulose raw materials: raw carbon fiber with a heat treatment temperature of 700 950 ^o C is activated at 850 950 ^o With water vapor, carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof to an activation degree of 30 70 Activated fiber with the micropore volume of 0.4 0.8 cm ³ / g is dispersed to sizes of 20,200 microns with a diameter of elementary fiber of 6 to 14 microns. Then in the mixer the mass is prepared according to the formula of the invention, which is pressed through the device forming the granules, the granules are dried in air and packaged.

 The proposed substance has high efficiency, compared with the prototype selected for the base case: an increase of 15 sorption of poisons of endogenous origin.

 At the same time, the comfort of using enterosorbent is simultaneously increased due to the absence of coal dust and the possibility of using the substance by children and introducing it to patients through a probe is ensured. The material can be used in case of poisoning with household poisons (organochlorine, organic compounds, barbiturates and other medications), food poisoning, treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction, elimination of radionuclides from the body.

 In addition, the substance is effective in treating allergic conditions, reduces itching, and lowers blood cholesterol.

Claims (1)

 A substance for adsorption of poisons containing carbon fiber sorbent, characterized in that the carbon fiber sorbent has an activation degree of 30 to 70 wt. particle size 20 200 microns, the diameter of the elementary fibers 6 to 14 microns and optionally sodium alginate, sucrose and water in the following ratio of components, wt. Sodium Alginate 4 10
Sucrose 11 40
Water 5 10
Carbon fiber sorbent

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