RU2068604C1 - Wide-base upper load antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has current-clipping resonant two poles which are connected along vertical conductor, and tube frame with matching unit. Tuning element is inserted in each current-clipping two-pole. Matching element is designed as circuit which consists of inductance coil, capacitor and pieces of long lines. Tuning elements may be designed as parallel LC-circuits. Current-clipping two-poles may be designed as short-circuited coaxial pieces. In this case tuning elements may be designed as reactive LC-circuits or as by shunts or as by dielectric insertions. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 7 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to antenna technology and can be used to work with broadband radio transmitting devices in HF, VHF bands.

 Known antenna (prototype) of the upper power supply (ed. St. USSR N 1663656), containing a vertical conductor, mounted by means of an insulator on a tubular base mounted on a horizontal screen. Coaxial segments connected to it are arranged coaxially with the vertical conductor. A matching unit and a coaxial cable are placed in the inner cavity of the tubular base.

 At the frequencies of their quarter-wave resonances, the coaxial segments change the electric length of the antenna, which extends its operating frequency range according to the radiation patterns and, taking into account the action of the matching unit, allows to increase the level of the input antenna antenna. However, since the electric length of the antenna is different from the quarter-wavelength at the resonance frequencies of the coaxial segments, a significant increase in the input CBM cannot be achieved. In addition, the antenna is structurally complex and bulky.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the level of the input CBM antenna within its operating frequency range and simplify its design.

 The antenna contains a vertical conductor 1 (Fig. 1) with current-cutting resonant bipoles 2 included along its length, fixed by means of an insulator 3 at the upper end of the tubular base 4, which is mounted with a lower end on the horizontal screen 5 and in the inner cavity of which there is a matching unit 6 and coaxial cable 7.

 The vertical conductor 1 with bipolar 2 and the tubular base 4 form an antenna emitter.

The lengths of the tubular base l _osn and the vertical conductor l _vp and the total length of the antenna L satisfy the relations:
L = (0.05-0.2) λ _max ,
λ _min > 0.8L,
l _high / l _main 2 4,
where λ _max , λ _min maximum and minimum operating wavelengths of the antenna.

где 0 ≅ n ≅ 4 число токоотсекающих двухполюсников, k 1,02-1,05 поправочный коэффициент, р 1 или 3, причем резонансная длина волны λ_i i-го двухполюсника выбирается равной 1/p 4kh_i.The objective of the invention is achieved by the fact that a tuning element 8 is inserted into each current-cutting two-terminal 2, the matching unit 6 is made in the form of an electric chain of inductors, capacitors and lengths of long lines with constant or variable parameters, and the height h _{i of} switching on the i-th current-conducting two-terminal is selected from the condition:

where 0 ≅ n ≅ 4 is the number of current-cutting bipolar, k 1,02-1,05 correction factor, p 1 or 3, and the resonant wavelength λ _{i of the} i-th bipolar is chosen equal to 1 / p 4kh _i .

 Current-cutting bipolar can be made in two versions. According to the first option, they are made in the form of parallel LC circuits, and capacitors or inductors included in these circuits are used as tuning elements.

 According to the second variant, the two-terminal circuits are made in the form of two groups of short-circuited coaxial segments 9 (Fig. 2), the lower group including m segments, where 0 ≅ m ≅ n, and the remaining S n m segments are combined in the upper group.

r_осн/r_пр.m r_осн/r_пр.s 1 3,
где r_в.п, r_осн, r_пр.m, r_пр.s соответственно радиусы вертикального проводника, трубчатого основания и наружных коаксиальных отрезков в m и s группах, а i порядковые номера коаксиальных отрезков в этих группах.Lengths l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(m)}}{\text{i}}$ and l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(s)}}{\text{i}}$ and radii r $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(m)}}{\text{i}}$ and r $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(s)}}{\text{i}}$ both groups of coaxial segments are selected from the relations:

r _main / r _pr.m r _main / r _pr.s 1 3,
where r _ce, r _est, r _pr.m, the radii r _pr.s vertical conductor, the tubular base member and the outer coaxial line segments in groups of m and s, i and sequence numbers of coaxial segments in these groups.

 To ensure compactness and mechanical strength of the antenna, it is advisable to choose the radius of the vertical conductor lying in the range from L / 1000 to L / 50, and the radius of the tubular base lying in the range from L / 200 to L / 20.

 In the internal cavities of the segments 9 are tuning elements 10, which are made either in the form of reactive LC bipolar 11 (Fig. 3), for example, containers connected between the inner and outer conductors of the corresponding segments 9, or made in the form of short-circuited shunts 12 (Fig. 4 ) Moreover, each shunt is connected at one end to the external or internal conductor of the corresponding segment 9.

Часть токоотсекающих двухполюсников 2 или все они могут быть выполнены с потерями и с добротностью, лежащей в пределах от 1 до 10.The tuning elements of the segments 9 can also be made in the form of dielectric inserts 13 (Fig. 5), whose dielectric constant ε $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(m)}}{\text{i}}$ and ε $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(s)}}{\text{i}}$ for m and s groups of segments 9 are selected from the relations:

Part of the current-carrying two-terminal 2 or all of them can be performed with losses and with a quality factor lying in the range from 1 to 10.

 The antenna works as follows.

The introduction of the tuning elements 8 allows you to configure the current-cutting two-pole 2 in parallel resonance at wavelengths λ ₁ , ..., λ _i , ..., λ _n uniformly placed within the range of 5L ÷ λ _min (Fig. 6). When tuning into resonance, two-terminal 2 suppresses (“cuts off”) the current in the antenna sections located above them. Due to this, the main radiation comes from the lower parts of the antenna, the lengths of which at the current “cutoff” frequencies coincide with the values of h _i and, as follows from the condition for choosing h _i , are resonant quarter-wave (at p 1) or three-quarter-wave (p 3). Moreover, p 1 is selected in the wavelength range from 5L to (5-6) l _os , and p 3 is selected in the range from (5-6) l _os to λ _min so that h _{i are} always greater than l _os and the antenna is would be technically feasible.

 The emitter’s periodic reaching of the resonant length of the antenna makes the frequency response of its 14 input CBM equal wavelength with bursts (up to 0.4 0.6), which, according to the theory of broadband matching, can increase the level of the U-shaped matching block formed in comparison with the prototype antenna frequency response 15 of the input KBV of the entire antenna.

 The use of three or four two-terminal devices 2 in the antenna, as well as the introduction of losses into them, makes it possible to obtain characteristic 14 with a high average level and reduced unevenness, which leads to an increase in the level of characteristic 15 of the input CBM of the entire antenna.

 With increased requirements for the simplicity and mechanical strength of the antenna, it is advisable to use 1 2 two-terminal 2 in it. With moderate requirements for the input KBB and a limited operating frequency range, the antenna can be made without two-terminal 2 (case n 0), and in this case it has the simplest and mechanically robust construction.

 The implementation of two-terminal 2 and tuning elements 8 in a different form allows you to create structures with specified dimensions and mechanical characteristics.

 In the wavelength range of 20L to 5L, where the antenna has a small electrical length, the matching unit either performs broadband matching in adjacent frequency bands (curves 16, FIG. 6) or performs resonant matching (curves 17, FIG. 6).

 The implementation of the matching unit in the form of an electrical chain of reactive elements with constant or variable parameters allows the formation of matching cells in various frequency ranges with the required structure, for example, a staircase, and the required number of elements.

Claims (6)

1. Broadband antenna of the upper power supply, comprising a vertical conductor with current-cutting resonant bipoles connected along its length, fixed by means of an insulator on the upper end of the tubular base, which is installed by the lower end on the horizontal screen and in the inner cavity of which there is a matching unit connected by its input to the input coaxial cable and output to the vertical guide and the upper end of the tubular base, the tubular base member _with the length l _{of n} and the vertical th conductor _{in the} l _{n .} and the total antenna length l satisfy the relations:
L = (0.05-0.2) λ _max ,
λ _min > 0.8L,
l _{in P} / l _{about s n} 2 4,
where λ _max , λ _{min is the} maximum and minimum working wavelengths of the antenna, characterized in that a tuning element is introduced into each current-cutting resonant bipolar, the matching unit is made in the form of an electric chain of inductors, capacitors and lengths of long lines with constant or variable parameters, and the height h _{i of the} inclusion of the i-th current-cut two-terminal is selected from the condition:

where n is the number of current-cutting two-terminal, no more than four, K = 1.02 - 1.05 correction factor, p 1 or 3, and the resonant wavelength λ _{i of the} i-th two-terminal is chosen equal to 1 / p 4Kh _i .  2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that capacitors or inductors of current-cutting resonant two-terminal devices, which are made in the form of parallel LC circuits, are used as tuning elements. 3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the current-cutting resonant bipoles are made in the form of short-circuited coaxial segments coaxial with a vertical conductor, the length of which decreases from internal to external, while m coaxial segments, where m ≅ n, are connected by short-circuit areas between themselves and with the lower end of the vertical conductor, and S nm of the remaining coaxial segments are connected by areas of short circuit with each other and with the upper end of the vertical conductor, with lengths l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(m)}}{\text{i}}$ and l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(s)}}{\text{i}}$ and radii r $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(m)}}{\text{i}}$ and r $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(s)}}{\text{i}}$ both groups of coaxial segments are selected from the relations:

_est r / r = r _{prm DOS} / r _prs = 1-3,
where r _vp , r _main , r _prm , r _prs, respectively, are the radii of the vertical conductor, the tubular base and the outer coaxial segments in the “m” and “s” groups, i is the serial number of the coaxial segments in these groups, and the tuning element is located in the inner cavity of each of n short-circuited coaxial segments.  4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the tuning elements are made in the form of reactive LC bipolar connected between the inner and outer conductors of the respective coaxial segments.  5. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the tuning elements are made in the form of short-circuited shunts, each of which is connected at one end to the external or internal conductor of the corresponding coaxial segment. 6. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the tuning elements are made in the form of dielectric inserts, the dielectric constant of which ε $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(m)}}{\text{i}}$ and ε $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(s)}}{\text{i}}$ for "m" and "s" groups of coaxial segments, respectively, are selected from the relations:

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the current-cutting resonant bipolar or all of them are made with losses and with quality factor within 1 10.

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