RU2067440C1 - Method for improving physical efficiency of sportsmen - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves performing physical training exercises under control followed by treatment with hypoxic hypercapnic gas mixture at initial CO₂ concentration of 3% and O₂ concentration of 12%. Treatment duration is 30 min. CO₂ concentration is increased and O₂ concentration is reduced by 1% during the first three procedures to reach 5% concentration of CO₂ and 10% concentration of O₂ keeping CO₂ to O₂ concentration ratio constant and each following procedure duration being increased by 5 min. Total treatment course is 19 procedures. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment.

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, namely to methods for optimizing methods of prevention, increasing the reserve capacity of the body and physical performance during health-improving physical culture and sports.

A known method of increasing the compensatory capabilities of the body (a.s. N 950406) [1] by inhaling a hypoxic gas mixture containing 15-10% oxygen and 85-90% nitrogen, while the concentration of O ₂ for 5-40 days is reduced to 10 % and the exposure time is increased to 30-120 min, hypoxic gas mixtures are also used in the process of sports training to increase physical performance [2]
However, when using this method, there are refusals to carry out the procedures due to a number of adverse side effects (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches), which are caused by the fact that when the hypoxic gas mixture is inhaled, hyperventilation occurs, which leads to the development of respiratory alkalosis , which is characterized by the above symptom complex of adverse events.

In addition, the existing method does not have a high efficiency of increasing the reserve capabilities of the body and physical performance, as evidenced by the duration of the procedures (up to 40 days). The reason for this is a violation of the basic principles of the training process, namely:
procedures are prescribed without taking into account the initial individual sensitivity to hypoxia;
training in a hypoxic gas environment is carried out once a day, which cannot ensure the achievement of a high effect without fixing the parameters of the achieved level of resistance of functional systems to hypoxia.

 The invention is aimed at eliminating the adverse symptoms occurring during a training session by inhaling a hypoxic gas mixture, as well as at optimizing the training process.

This is achieved by prescribing regulated breathing exercises, taking into account the determination of sensitivity to hypoxia and hypercaptia, and subsequently training procedures with a hypoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture with an initial concentration of CO ₂ 3% O ₂ 12%
The presented gas mixture is the most physiological, since its composition is almost similar to human alveolar air. The inclusion of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture eliminates the development of respiratory alkalosis, activates the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system, which leads to improved aerobic metabolism and optimizes the functioning of the heart and respiratory organs. The purpose of regulated breathing exercises, taking into account individual sensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia, before a course of inhalation with a more physiological hypoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture, avoids the occurrence of adverse side symptoms that limit the possibility of training. Performing regulated breathing exercises also provides an earlier appointment of inhalations with a hypoxic-hypercapnic mixture, as well as consolidating the achieved level of reserve capacity of the body and physical performance.

The invention is as follows. Before prescribing procedures for athletes, criteria for resistance to hypoxia and hypercapnia are determined by finding the maximum breath holding time for inspiration and expiration, based on which by formulas (see Questions of balneology, physiotherapy and physiotherapy, 1989, N 1, pp. 24-29 ) prescribed complexes of regulated breathing exercises with an individual optimal duration of respiratory phases and intervals between them, performed for three days, while the first of the microcycles is repeated 4 times 5 times a day, Navigate to each subsequent microcycle number of repetitions increases by one. Then they begin inhalation with a hypoxic-hypercapnic mixture with an initial concentration of CO ₂ 3% O ₂ 12% with a daily increase in the concentration of CO ₂ and a decrease in O ₂ by 1% until the concentration of CO _{2 is} 5% and O ₂ 10%. Duration of the first procedure 30 min with a subsequent increase in each of them for 5 minutes until reaching 120 minutes on day 19. After the completion of inhalation procedures, the result is fixed by continuing to practice breathing exercises, taking into account the achieved resistance to hypoxia and hypercapnia.

 We give an example of a specific implementation of the method.

Example. Athlete K. 20 years old, I category. In the initial state, the physical exercise power (PWC ₁₇₀ ) was 258 W, the maximum oxygen consumption (MPC) was 51.7 ml / min • kg, the Stange test was 50 s, the Gencha test was 38 s.

 In order to increase the reserve capacity of the body and physical performance, taking into account the determination of individual resistance to hypoxia and hypercapnia, special breathing exercises and inhalation procedures have been prescribed.

 An approximate complex of breathing exercises is given in table 1.

 After that, inhalations with a hypoxic-hypercapnic mixture are prescribed according to the scheme given in Table 2.

After completion of the set of regulated breathing exercises and inhalation procedures with a hypoxic-hypercapnic mixture, the PWC ₁₇₀ was 279 W, MPC 57.4 ml / min • kg, the Stange sample 65 s, the Gencha sample 52 s.

 At the end of the training cycle with a hypoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture, the athlete continued to practice special breathing exercises according to the scheme shown in Table 3.

 The presented example demonstrates the advantage of using regulated breathing exercises aimed at increasing resistance to hypoxia and hypercapnia, without which inhalation of an even more physiological hypoxic-hypercapnic mixture is difficult due to poor tolerance and which optimize the training process. The effectiveness of the studies from the application of this method are presented in tables 1 and 2.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the physical performance of athletes, including exposure to a hypoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture, characterized in that pre-regulated breathing exercises are performed, and the exposure to a hypoxic-hypercapnic mixture is carried out at an initial concentration of CO ₂ 3% O ₂ 12% for 30 minutes with a daily increase in during the first three procedures, the concentration of CO ₂ and a decrease in O ₂ by 1% to a concentration of CO ₂ 5% and O ₂ 10%, followed by a constant ratio of CO ₂ and O ₂ , while the duration of Each subsequent procedure is increased by 5 minutes per course of 19 procedures.

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