RU2066654C1 - Floating oil and garbage collector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding. SUBSTANCE: propellers are arranged in fore portion of ship on her sides and are connected with water supply passage by means of water duct inlet and with transverse passage by means of outlet. Mounted in central portion of ship's hull is settling tank; one outlet of transverse passage is provided with damper. At approaching to point of oil spillage, ship is oriented by her stern in course; hydraulic dampers close outlets of transverse passages and under action of reaction jet escaping from outlet and directed towards fore extremity, ship moves with her stern forward. In accumulating floating dirt with ship underway, damper closes outlet of passage and under action of reaction jet escaping from outlet, ship moves with her bow forward. Accumulation of dirt may be also effected at zero speed, but in this case, damper shall be additionally opened shutting off outlet of passage; as a result, reaction jet escapes from passage perpendicularly to side and action of this jet is compensated for by jet of opposite side. All other kinds of ship's motion will be ensured by combination of damper positions. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, in particular to vessels for collecting pollution from the surface of a reservoir, and can be used in oil pickers designed to work in protected port water areas.

 One of the latest innovations of foreign technology is the NMS of Finnish companies Larsen Marine with the brand name Lamor and Mac Gregor Navire under the brand name Lori. The principle of operation of the Lori system: in the hull, oil reception chambers with side windows are arranged from two sides. Oil traps are boom trawls, one end of which is fixed at the side, the other to the side shot. There are 2 windows in the oil receiving chamber. When the vessel moves under the influence of the trawl, a hydrodynamic pressure is created in the window zone, and at the stern window it is larger than that located closer to the bow, as a result of which the circulation of the upper layer with floating oil is organized in the chamber. An inclined conveyor is installed along the surface flow path with oil-picking brushes made of hard synthetic fibers. The oil captured by the conveyor is dumped by a special puller into the tray, from where it is transferred to prefabricated tanks. Small debris can be collected along with oil, large remains in the chamber and can be removed manually.

 The Lamor system has one window, instead of an inclined conveyor.

However, the performance of these NMSs in protected ports is insufficient for the following reasons:
NMS with developed airborne trawls is suitable only for work in open water areas; it cannot penetrate between vessels, vessels and berths;
NMS acts only on the go, it cannot provide pulling oil at zero speed;
no efficient garbage collection and handling systems are provided. Both NMSs can be very effective in the oil spill response mode, but not for daily cleaning of the port water area from a floating mixture of oil products and garbage accumulating mainly in hard-to-reach areas of the water areas.

 Known NMS pr. 25505, developed by YuzhNIIMF in 1986 and selected by us as a prototype. This vessel has a hull with a propulsion and steering complex, waste collection, separation and pumping systems. The principle of operation of the NMS is based on creating the effect of pulling the surface layer of water with floating oil and garbage into the receiving bath using a propulsor in the form of a water cannon placed in a water supply channel that communicates with the receiving bath. A rowing screw located in the water supply channel provides a sufficiently effective pulling of the surface layer of water to the oil receiving organ and then its transportation through the receiving bath. This feature distinguishes domestic NMS from foreign ones and expands its technological capabilities. However, the large length of the water supply canal, commensurate with the length of the vessel, creates significant frictional resistance when pulling water through it and thereby reduces the efficiency of the propulsion and power plant of the vessel.

 In addition, on oil collectors where the mentioned technical solution is applied, for example, oil collectors of projects 2550/3; 2550/4; 2550/5 to ensure the maneuverability of the vessel, a specific steering complex was installed, which, to ensure satisfactory controllability, requires a specially designed stern structure, which has significant resistance when sailing.

 In addition to the indicated, the presence of a main canal filled with water reduces the useful load of the vessel, increases the overall height of the vessel and, thereby, leads to an increase in metal costs, air resistance, and complicates the work of mooring vessels at berths.

 on oil pickers, it is often necessary to work at zero speed of the ship, while maintaining the ability to pull contaminants to the oil receiving organs.

 On domestic oil collectors, the mentioned ability is available. However, due to the specific design of the steering reactive flaps, to ensure zero speed, the flaps should occupy a position in which a stream of water is directed along the hull to the bow of the vessel, which leads to the distillation of floating contaminants from the oil receiving organs and, of course, significantly reduces the amount of oil recovery.

 The forward oil receiving unit of the NMS is equipped with pollution guides that open outward to the receiving device, which are additionally equipped with flaps that open into the hull of the vessel. This design allows the collection of contaminants in narrow places, but the pulling ability due to structures associated with shields and flaps located along the front of the transported stream is reduced.

 During the collection of contaminants, oil from the intake bath enters simultaneously into two slop tanks through vertical oil receivers and special large section mines with which these tanks are equipped; the working medium of the ejector, creating a vacuum in the settling tanks, is the water pumped out by the pump simultaneously from the bottom of both settling tanks. In the intake bath having a free surface, crushing occurs during oil collection even with slight sea waves, which eliminates the qualitative sedimentation of oil and leads to the entrainment of oil through the supply channel overboard. At the same time, the possibility of clogging of oil receivers during the collection of oil and oil pumping pump when pumping oil from slop tanks, which also reduces the efficiency of the vessel, is not ruled out.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of petroleum waste collection.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that thrusters made with water-jet with steering hydraulic dampers are placed on the sides in the bow of the vessel and are connected by the inlet of the water conduit to the water supply channel located in the bow of the vessel, and the outlet with a transverse channel having two exits by means of a hydraulic damper, installed with the possibility of complete overlapping of one of the channel exits, while the norm has nasal contours, and in the central part of the ship’s hull an additional settling tank is installed, hydraulically zannaya vacuum pumping system and separation of oil.

 In addition, the exit of the transverse channel facing the stern of the vessel is equipped with an additional shutter configured to completely overlap the said exit.

 The placement of water-jet movements in the bow, the entrance of which is connected to the receiving channel, and the exit with the transverse channel, can significantly reduce the length of the channel, reduce the friction resistance to the water flow in it, and improve the pulling up of floating contaminants with any changes in the course of the vessel.

 The presence of an additional settling compartment, hydraulically connected to a vacuum system for oil separation and pumping, by eliminating the free surface in this tank provides improved sludge for petroleum products, the ability to work with petroleum products of high viscosity, eliminates the occurrence of a long roll during operation during excitement.

 Giving the stern end of the vessel contours close to those of the fore end allows you to increase the propulsive characteristics of the vessel and, as a result, increase the speed at the transitions (moving stern forward and the necessary speed in the mode of oil collection (forward bow movement).

 The presence in the exit of the transverse channel facing the stern of the vessel, an additional damper, ensures collection efficiency at zero speed, because the jet stream leaving the channel perpendicular to the side is compensated by the jet of the opposite side.

 These features distinguish the invention from the prototype, that is, it meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

 When viewing the patent and scientific and technical literature were not found objects containing signs that distinguish the claimed object from the prototype, in view of which it meets the criteria of the invention "inventive step".

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a vessel;
figure 2 ship plan;
in FIG. 3 engine assembly with water supply and transverse channels (in plan).

 The oil collector includes a housing 1 with bow 2 and aft 3 extremities, propulsors 4 communicating with the water supply channel 5 and the transverse channel 6 through the hydraulic valve 7. The transverse channel 6 has two outputs 8 and 9, and the output of the channel 8 is equipped with an additional valve 10. In the bow part 2 there is an oil-collecting device 11. In the central part of the hull of the vessel there is a settling tank 12, hydraulically connected through overflow thresholds 13 and openings 14 with a vacuum oil separation and pumping system, including more nels compartments 15 and 16.

 Oil picker works as follows.

 When moving to the oil spill response site at maximum speed, the ship is oriented stern in the direction of the head, while hydraulic shutters 7 block the exits 8 of the transverse channels 6 under the influence of a jet stream coming from outlet 9 directed towards the bow, the ship moves stern forward.

 When collecting floating contaminants on the go, the hydraulic shutter 7 blocks the outlet 9 of channel 6 and, under the influence of a jet stream coming out of output 8, the ship moves forward with the nose, and the floating contaminants enter the oil-and-oil collecting device 11. The collection of floating contaminants at zero speed of the ship is performed as described above, only additionally opens the shutter 10, blocking the exit 8 of the channel 6, while the jet stream leaves the channel perpendicular to the side, the effects of which are compensated by the jet positive side.

 All other ship movements are provided by a combination of the positions of hydraulic shutters 7, additional shutters 10. Technological systems work as follows.

 Floating oil and garbage contaminants enter the receiving device 7, where garbage is collected by a special bucket and loaded into a garbage container (not shown in the drawing). Floating oil enters the central sludge tank 12, where oil sludge occurs, from the upper part of the tank 12 oil flows through overflow thresholds 13 and openings 14 to the onboard compartments 15 and 16, where additional sludge and oil accumulation occurs, the compartments and tanks are evacuated and communicated to top part. The settled water from the compartments 15 and 16 and the tank 12 is pumped out, for example, by an ejector (not shown in the drawing), which ensures a constant flow of contaminants into the tank and compartments.

Claims (2)

 1. A floating oil collector containing a hull with a propulsion and steering complex, waste collection, collection, separation and pumping systems, characterized in that the thrusters made by water cannons are located on the sides in the bow of the vessel and are connected by the water inlet to the water supply channel located in the bow parts of the vessel, and with an exit with a transverse channel having two exits, by means of a hydraulic damper installed with the possibility of completely blocking one of the exits of the channel, while the stern has bow contours, and to the central the upper part of the vessel, an additional settling tank is installed, hydraulically connected to a vacuum system for the separation and pumping of oil.  2. Oil sump according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet of the transverse channel facing the stern of the vessel has an additional shutter configured to completely overlap said entrance.

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