RU2062289C1 - Polyfunctional additive for hydrocarbon fuels and fuel composition containing it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of fuel. SUBSTANCE: proposed additive contains (%): alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon C₇-C₈ 0.1-40, phenol 1.0-5.0, oxyethylated alkyl phenol having 7-12 groups of ethylene oxide and C₄-C₉ alkyl 5.0-10.0, product of interaction of aliphatic C₁₀-C₂₀ amines or aromatic C₆-C₈ amines with oxidized hydrocarbons or with monobasic fatty C₁₀-C₂₀ acids or with double basic C₄-C₂₀ acids or mixture thereof products 5.0-10.0. Fuel composition contains 0.1-5.0 % of aforementioned additive. EFFECT: improves quality of desired product. 3 cl, 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to compositions of additives for hydrocarbon fuels to increase their octane number, improve detergents, anticorrosion, antioxidant, antistatic, antiwear properties and fuel compositions containing this additive.

 Tetraethyl- (TES) and tetramethyl lead (TMS), organic compounds of iron (ferrocene, FC-4, etc.) and manganese (manganese cyclopentadiene - WTC) are the most common antidetonators of combustion controllers. Lead compounds are extremely toxic; iron and manganese compounds increase the wear of internal combustion engines (1-3).

Benzene and its homologues C ₇ -C ₈ (toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene), as well as aniline and other low molecular weight aromatic amines (methylaniline, toluidine, xylidines, etc.) are also known as antidetonators of combustion regulators (1-3).

 So, extralin is widely used as a mixture of 7% aniline, 88% methylaniline and 5% dimethylaniline (2, p. 84).

 The disadvantages of low molecular weight aromatic compounds are their limited solubility in gasoline (not more than 1 wt.) And the lack of multifunctionality: they do not have detergent, protective, anti-wear, antioxidant and other functional properties.

 The closest analogue of the present invention is the ADA product (TU 38.401.58-61-93), consisting of methylaniline and 0.1-1% shielded phenol-ionol of 2,6-tert-butyl 4 methylphenol. However, the ADA additive also has limited solubility in gasoline and does not have detergent, protective, anti-wear and antistatic properties. Additive ADA in the amount of 1-2 mass. for gasoline increases the octane number of gasoline by 5-10 points and is approved for use by the State Standard of the Russian Federation. However, when using an ADA additive, pollution of cylinder parts of the piston group of engines and their wear increase.

 The objective of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional synergistic composition of additives for hydrocarbon fuels, which improves antiknock properties, improves detergent, anticorrosive, protective, anti-wear and antistatic properties compared to pure gasoline and gasoline with ADA additive.

The problem is solved in that the multifunctional additive for hydrocarbon fuels for internal combustion engines contains a low molecular weight aromatic amine, shielded phenol, as well as additional alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon C ₇ -C ₈ , ethoxylated alkyl phenol containing 7 or 12 ethylene oxide groups, C ₄ -C alkyl ₉ and the reaction product of aliphatic C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ or C ₆ -C ₈ aromatic amines with oxidized hydrocarbons or with C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ monobasic fatty acids or C ₄ -C ₂₀ dibasic acids or mixtures of products of interaction in the following ratio of components, mass. alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon C ₇ -C ₈ 0.1 40; shielded phenol 1 5; ethoxylated alkyl phenol 5 10; the above interaction product or a mixture thereof 5 10; low molecular weight aromatic amine up to 100.

 The fuel composition according to the invention contains 0.1-5% of the above additives and up to 100% hydrocarbon fuels.

The technology for preparing a multifunctional additive, called Remoin-B, consists in mixing the components with vigorous stirring at a temperature of 20-60 ^o C for 1-3 hours. Mechanical processing of the mixture is possible: circulation "reservoir-pump-reservoir", homogenization, disintegration, ultrasonic, magnetic and electromagnetic processing.

As hydrocarbon fuels in the composition can be used gasoline oil fractions, gas gasoline fractions. It is also possible to use mixtures of gasoline with C ₁ -C ₈ alcohols or with methyl tert-butyl ether.

The fuel composition is obtained by mixing the fuel fractions with the additive at a temperature of 60-70 ^o C.

 As shielded phenol, 2,6-tert-butyl-4 methylphenol (ionol) or 2,2-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (alidol-2) can be used.

As the ethoxylated alkyl phenol, OP-7, OP-10 or neonol AF-9/10, AF-9/12, where the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl is C ₄ -C ₉ , the number of hydroxyethyl groups C ₇ -C _{12 can be used} .

 As a low molecular weight aromatic amine, methylaniline, extramine, toluidine, xylidine can be used.

The following products were tested as reaction products of oxidized hydrocarbons, one or dibasic acids, and aliphatic and aromatic amines:
1. The products of the interaction of an oxidized nitric acid oil (TU 38.401 656-87) and aliphatic amines C ₁₇ -C ₂₀ (TU 6-02-740-79) is a NMA product. Oxidized mineral oil contains up to 8% of oxidized hydrocarbons such as fatty acids (RCO ₂ N) and up to 5-8% of alkyl nitroaromatic hydrocarbons. When interacting with fatty amines at 50-80 ^o C the ratio of nitrated oil with amines 6: 1 received the product NMA. The molar mass of the NMA product is 800-1000, the nitrogen content is not less than 1% viscosity at 100 ^o C - not more than 100 mm ² / s;
2. The interaction products of unsaturated or saturated fatty acids C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ and polyethylene polyamines in the presence of a KU-2 catalyst — imidozolines. As an imidozoline, a “commodity” corrosion inhibitor for the Vicazole oil refining industry was tested (TU 6-01-0203314-89);
3. Products of the interaction of dibasic alkenyl succinic anhydride (acid) of aliphatic amines or polyethylene polyamines: complex salts and alkenyl succinimides. In particular, the alkenyl succinimide additive C-5A (TU 38.101146-77), containing at least 1.4% nitrogen at 100 ^° C, 150-300 mm ² / s, alkaline number mg KOH / g, at least 20; 4. A complex of xylyl succinic anhydride (acid) and aromatic low molecular weight amine methylamine product KAA. The molar mass of KAA 400, the nitrogen content of not less than 3%, the viscosity at 100 ^o C not more than 10 mm ² / s, pH not less than 7;
5. A complex of alkenyl succinic anhydride (acid) and aromatic low molecular weight amine methylamine product AAA. The molar mass is AAA-1200, the nitrogen content is at least 1.2%, the viscosity at 100 ^° C is not more than 200 mm ² / s, and the pH is at least 5.

 NMA products, imidozolines, succinimides, KAA, AAA can be used independently, can be combined in 1: 1 ratios, and ternary mixtures (1: 1: 1) can be used. Examples of additive compositions are presented in table 1.

 The results of research and testing of product samples Remoin-B compared with pure gasoline and the selected reference standard (prototype) - gasoline A-76 with an ADA additive are presented in table 2 -3.

From the data of these tables it follows that the goal of the present invention is made:
additives Remoin-B raises the octane number of gasolines, gasolines (condensates), gasoline-alcohol and gasoline-ether mixtures by 8-10 points, completely eliminating the use of tetraethyl lead;
Remoin-B additives have detergent properties at the level of special “detergent” additives (Afen, Avtomag, Neolin, Minior-2, etc.) and eliminate the lack of methylaniline, extrolin and ADA to increase carbon deposits and wear;
additives Remoin-B increase the relative polarity of gasoline by 3-8%; electrical conductivity by three to four orders of magnitude (thousand times), significantly reduce surface tension at the border with water, give gasoline water-displacing and high-speed properties;
Remoin-B additives give gasolines, gas gasolines, gasoline-alcohol and gas-ether mixtures high protective (anti-wear) properties, the ability to prevent corrosion during friction, pitting, fretting, acid and crevice corrosion, and hydrogenation.

 Ultimately, the use of gasoline with the additive Remoin-B can save up to 8% of fuel, increase the reliability and durability of internal combustion engines, significantly improve the environmental situation, especially in large cities.

When using high-octane unleaded gasoline, gasoline-alcohol mixtures, for example a mixture of gasoline (50%), methyl alcohol (40%) and C ₂ -C ₈ alcohols (10%), as well as a mixture of gasoline and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) , for example 80% gasoline and 20% MTBE, the content of the Remoin-B composition in the fuel can be significantly reduced, since in this case there is no need to significantly increase the octane number of the fuel, and 0.1-0 is enough to improve the protective and washing properties of the fuels 2mas. Remoin-B additives (see Table 4), and, conversely, when using low-octane straight-run and gas gasolines, the concentration of Remoin-B additives can be increased to 5% TTT1 TTT2 TTT3 TTT4 TTT5

Claims (1)

1. A multifunctional additive for hydrocarbon fuels for internal combustion engines, containing a low molecular weight aromatic amine and shielded phenol, characterized in that it further comprises an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon C ₇ C ₈ , ethoxylated alkyl phenol containing 7 or 12 groups of ethylene oxide and C ₄ - C alkyl ₉ and the reaction product of aliphatic C _{1 0} - C _{2 0} aromatic amines C ₆ C ₈ with oxidized hydrocarbons or with monobasic fatty acids C ₁₀ C ₂₀ , or with dibasic acids C ₄ C ₂₀ , or product mixtures s of interaction in the following ratio of components, wt. Alkylaromatic hydrocarbon C ₇ C ₈ 0.1 40.0
Screened phenol 1 5
Oxyethylated alkyl phenol 5 10
The specified interaction product or a mixture thereof 5 10
Low molecular weight aromatic amine Up to 100
2. A fuel composition containing hydrocarbon fuel and an additive, characterized in that as an additive contains 0.1-5.0% of a multifunctional additive according to claim 1.

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