RU2062194C1 - Composition of gas-free thermite fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of ecologically pure fuel, that does not use oxygen during burning and does not form any wastes during burning and is used as fuel for heating of buildings and production of power in special objects. SUBSTANCE: thermite composition has , mass %: aluminum powder 15 - 17, alumina 30 - 35, iron scale 40 -46, metal-phosphate binder 7 - 10.. Addition of metal-phosphate binder allows to keep required heat extraction from fuel volume unit during burning of thermite member of 40 - 50 cm height made of 10 thermite grains. Time of setting the member on fire does not exceed 10 seconds, its form and sizes are constant. EFFECT: thermite fuel does not use oxygen during burning and allows to use it for rooms heating and production of power at special objects. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to a power system, in particular to environmentally friendly thermite fuel that does not consume oxygen during combustion and does not emit gaseous and solid emissions during combustion, and is intended as fuel for heating rooms in the event of an accident in the heating network or the absence of the latter, as well as for electrical energy in special facilities.

The following requirements apply to thermite fuel:
1. the maximum possible heat dissipation per unit volume;
2. maintaining the shape and size when burning a thermite fuel cell, consisting of 10 termite blocks, each height is 40-50 mm;
3. lack of gaseous and solid emissions during combustion;
4. The exit to the stationary combustion regime of a thermite fuel cell should be no more than 10 s;
5. the termite element should not collapse when the generatrix falls onto the concrete floor from a height of 1 m;
6. termite fuel must retain its properties and shape for 10 years when stored indoors at a temperature of 5 to 35 ^o C and a relative humidity of 80% (this parameter can be evaluated by the forced aging test procedure at elevated temperatures).

 The known composition of the thermite mixture containing iron oxide, magnesium powder, sodium liquid glass and polytetrafluoroethylene.

 The disadvantage of this composition is a change in shape during combustion, the inability to obtain a durable fuel cell in the form of a checker 40-50 mm high and an external diameter of 80 mm, which would retain its shape and dimensions during combustion and storage, as well as the formation of combustion products of an organic binder (polytetrafluoroethylene).

 Closest to the invention in composition is an aluminum termite containing the following components, wt. aluminum 20-22; iron oxide 60-63, aluminum oxide 15-20 (ed. St. USSR N475234, MKI 23 K 23/00, 23 K 19/00, 1975/2 / prototype).

 The disadvantages of the prototype composition include the fact that the absence of a binder and an insufficient amount of aluminum oxide leads to the fact that the fuel cell collapses when the generatrix falls onto the concrete floor from a height of 1 m and does not retain the shape and size when burning a termite element with a height of 40-50 cm consisting of 10 termite checkers.

 The objective of the proposed invention is to increase the strength of the termite element and preserve the shape and size of the termite element with a height of 40-50 cm when burning with sufficient heat from a unit volume and ensuring the absence of gaseous and solid emissions.

 The essence of the claimed composition of termite fuel is that in an aluminum termite containing aluminum, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, an additional metal-phosphorus-containing binder is added at a selected ratio of its constituent components (in wt.).

 The use of a metal-phosphorus-containing binder in the thermite composition together with aluminum powder, iron oxide (iron oxide) and alumina (aluminum oxide) at a selected ratio of components gives it new properties, namely, leads to curing of the mixture, which leads to an increase in the strength of the termite element and preservation shape and size when burning.

The curing mechanism can be described as follows: the acid-base interaction of aluminum and aluminum oxide with phosphoric acid, which is part of the binder; removal of free water, concentration of the ligament; hydrogen bonding in a bonded-thermite fuel system; thermal polycondensation of the binder, leading to the formation of polymer homologs with varying degrees of polycondensation; the interaction of the resulting polycondensation products with an active filler; the destruction of the branch structure of phosphates with the formation of the final monomeric reaction products in the form of various forms of aluminum orthophosphate. At the combustion temperatures of the thermite fuel 1800-1900 ^o C, half of the formed aluminum phosphates decomposes with the formation of phosphorus oxide (V), which interacts with excess aluminum specially introduced into the formulation of thermite fuel. Aluminum reduces phosphorus (V) oxide to phosphorus. Reduced phosphorus is well soluble in iron with the formation of thermally stable phosphides having a decomposition temperature of 2200 ^o C.

As metallophosphate binder, you can use:
-alumochromophosphate AHFS TU-6-18-166-83 composition (wt.): aluminum in terms of aluminum oxide 6.5-9.0; chromium in terms of chromium oxide 3.5-4.5; phosphorus compounds in terms of phosphorus oxide (V) 35-39;
- magnesium-aluminum phosphate composition (wt.): aluminum in terms of aluminum oxide 4.6-6.0; magnesium in terms of magnesium oxide 4.5-5.5; phosphorus compounds in terms of oxide (V) 38-41;
-aluminophosphate composition (wt.): aluminum in terms of alumina 6.0-9.5; phosphorus compounds in terms of phosphorus oxide (V) 30-47;
-boralumophosphate composition (wt.): aluminum in terms of alumina 6.0-9.5; phosphorus compounds in terms of phosphorus oxide (V) 30-47; boron compounds in terms of boron oxide 0.8-1.0.

The termite composition is used as an environmentally friendly fuel with a combustion temperature of up to 1800 ^o C. In the heat generator, thermite fuel is used in the form of checkers of various sizes depending on the design of the heat generator. The main requirement in the composition is the preservation of shape during combustion, since if the spreading of the resulting slag occurs, it is difficult to use a heat generator. The design of the heat generator is designed for a specific configuration of a thermite fuel cell.

 Spent thermite fuel consisting of aluminum oxide, iron with small amounts of iron phosphides and iron oxides can be used after preliminary grinding as components for refractories and heat-resistant concrete.

 The results of comparative tests of the proposed composition (table 1) and the composition of the prototype, carried out in laboratory conditions, are presented in table. 2. The characteristics of the compositions were determined according to methods developed and approved in the industry.

 The decrease in the content in the termite composition of the metal phosphate binder leads to the fact that during the burning of the termite element, consisting of 10 termite blocks, the shape of the element is not preserved (the blocks are blurred).

 The consequence of the increase in the concentration of the metal phosphate binder is an increase in the ignition time to 13-15 s, which should not exceed 10 s.

 The increase in the content of alumina compared with the prototype leads to the fact that the combustion temperature is reduced and the fuel cell retains its shape and size during combustion. TTT1

Claims (1)

 The composition of gas-free thermite fuel containing iron oxide, aluminum powder and alumina, characterized in that it additionally contains a metallophosphate binder in the following ratio of components, wt. Aluminum Powder 15-17
Iron oxide 40-45
Alumina 30-35
Metallophosphate binder 7-10

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