RU206048U1 - Weighing device for railway rolling stock - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to experimental methods for determining the values of the load on the rail from each wheel of a railway rolling stock. The technical result is to reduce the dynamic load on the sensors when the wheel collides and to reduce the corresponding overload of the sensors. The device for weighing the railway rolling stock consists of an active section of the rail, which vertical movement, rigidly connected with the central part of the H-shaped pressure plate, also having a vertical degree of freedom, and in the outer corners of the pressure plate, on its lower side, the heels of the load cells are arranged, in contact with the measuring elements of the load cells. a plate laid on a rigid base, while the load cells are electrically connected to the devices fixing and processing the readings of the sensors. 1 wp f-ly, 6 dwg

Description

Technology area

The utility model refers to experimental methods for determining the values of the load on a rail from each wheel of a railway rolling stock.

State of the art

Known railroad scales of platform type, designed to determine the weight of the wagon as a whole. The disadvantages of the known device include the impossibility of simultaneously obtaining indicators of the load on the rail from each wheel of the car separately. This significant drawback does not allow determining the weight distribution over the wheels of the railway rolling stock in the process of carrying out measurements, according to paragraphs. 4.1.12, 4.1.13, 4.1.14 GOST R 55182-2012 Locomotive-hauled passenger cars. General technical requirements ".

The common disadvantages of the known devices can also be attributed to the use in them, to determine the load applied to the rails, of original weight measuring elements not included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments (hereinafter referred to as the State Register of Measuring Instruments), which is not legitimate during certification tests, including determining the values of the load on the rail from each wheel of the railway rolling stock.

Known device - scales for weighing moving railway objects in motion and statics using a rail pad RU 2376560 C1, publ. 20.12.2009. The known device contains a weight controller, a computer and at least one pair of rail pads installed on a reinforced concrete sleeper ShS-1 or on embedded parts on a concrete base, which simultaneously act as fastening the rail to the sleeper or to the embedded parts and the role of a measuring weight sensor. Inside the rail pad there are power-sensing elements-voltage concentrators with glued strain gauges and temperature compensators connected by a bridge circuit in such a way that the rail pad converts the mechanical force applied by the wheel to the rail into a proportional electrical signal.

The disadvantages of the known invention are the low measurement accuracy, since the measurement value will depend on both the stiffness and the deflection of the rail, as well as the fact that the weighing element is not included in the SI State Register. Also, the disadvantage of the known device is the need to ensure high precision in the manufacture of balance elements, which leads to a significant increase in the cost of the device.

Known compensation device for determining the weight of the car RU 96105860 A, publ. June 27, 1998.

The known device contains a serially connected main sensor, an amplifier, a calculator and an indicator, an electromechanical sensitivity memory unit and a gravity acceleration memory unit in the coordinate of the location of the main sensor, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the second and third inputs of the calculator, into which the first bandpass filter is connected in series, the input of which is connected to the output of the amplifier of the main sensor, the determinant of the moment of the maximum impact of the wheelset on the main sensor, the first meter of the rms voltage and the subtractor, the output of which is connected to the input of the calculator, series-connected auxiliary sensors are also introduced, the second amplifiers, the second band-pass filters, the second meters of the rms voltage, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the determinant of the moment of the maximum impact of the wheel pair on the main sensor, the recalculation unit, the output of which is connected to the second input, subtracts the device, a memory unit for the coefficient of the relative stiffness of the track and rail is also introduced, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the calculator, a control unit is also introduced, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth sync outputs of which are connected, respectively, to the unit of recalculation, subtractor, memory blocks, calculator and indicator.

The disadvantages of the known device are: the need to install numerous sensors in the section of the rail track, the need to calculate the difference in the readings of the sensors to determine the axle weight, the structural and hardware complexity of the implementation, the design in the installation for this method, the weighing elements are not included in the State Register of SI, not verified, accordingly, the measurement result cannot be considered legitimate.

Known weighing device for moving cars RU 2115894 C1, publ. 07/20/1998, which is designed to determine the axle loads of cars. The known device contains a sealed load receiver with strain gauges placed between the ends of the rails.

The disadvantages of the known device include: the need to place the rail between the joints, the need for additional elements for receiving the load from the wheel to the strain gauge, the structural complexity of the installation for the implementation of the known device, the complexity of fixing the wheel for the static determination of the axle weight, the fact that the weighing element is not included in the State Register SI.

Known device for weighing a moving rail transport RU 2313069 C1, publ. 20.12.2007. The known device contains a section of a railway track without joints, including rails and sleepers, and on each sleeper of the section under the rails, two flat compression force sensors are installed, each with an installation unit containing a lining on which a flat force sensor is located, and equipped with an additional pad with sides for fixing the sensor to the lining under the rail.

Disadvantages of the known device: the need to use additional installation units for fastening and an additional lining for fixing the sensor with the sides, the complexity of attaching the sensor to a railway sleeper and rail, the complexity of the design of several components. Also, this device is intended for weighing rail vehicles only in motion and cannot be used in statics.

Known portable wagon scales RU 2289106 C2, publ. 10.12.2008. The known device contains a force-measuring transducer with glue-based strain gauges. The converter is made in the form of two cassettes, two coils each. The cassettes, in turn, are placed in a housing mounted and fixed directly on the rail head without violating its integrity. The coils alternately act as active or compensation arms of the measuring bridge. In this case, cassettes with coils are placed in grooves, the size of which corresponds to the size of the cassettes and which are made in the housing parallel to the supporting surface of the rail head at a distance that prevents the wheels from simultaneously touching both pairs of coils. The technical result consists in ensuring the possibility of weighing the car, both in statics and during its movement, increasing the weighing accuracy and installing the scales on the rails without violating their integrity.

Disadvantages of the known device: a complex structure consisting of several units, the transfer of the load from the wheel directly to the measuring device, which leads to rapid wear of the device itself, the presence of a metal structure in the device, which reduces the resistance to corrosion and determines a short service life, the weighing element does not State Register of SI is included.

Disclosure of a utility model

The main purpose of the proposed device is to determine the indicator of the static load on the rail from each wheel, provided for in paragraphs. 4.1.12, 4.1.13, 4.1.14 GOST R 55182-2012 Locomotive-hauled passenger cars. General technical requirements ", GOST 33760-2016" Railway rolling stock. Methods for monitoring weighing indicators "based on the use of commercially available weighing sensors, verified by the state metrological organization of the Russian Federation and included in the State Register of SI.

The technical result is the creation of a device that realizes the goal.

The technical result is achieved by creating a device consisting of an active section of a rail having the ability to move vertically, rigidly connected to the central part of the H-shaped pressure plate, also having a vertical degree of freedom, and in the outer corners of the pressure plate, from its lower side, are arranged the feet of the load cells in contact with the measuring elements of the load cells, for example, of the M-70 "Tenzo-M" type. The sensors are installed on a steel base plate laid on a rigid base, while the load cells are electrically connected to the processing and recording devices of the sensors. Also, to ensure the stability of the wheel on the active rail, even with a significant load on the axle and the lateral component of the force from the conicity of the wheel, in the central part of the pressure plate, two holes with tightly installed centering devices can be arranged in the central part of the pressure plate, symmetrically relative to the central axis of the rail. the lower part is rigidly fixed in a base plate laid on a rigid base, while a threaded part is arranged at the top of the cylindrical part of the centering devices, containing a limiter consisting of a support washer and a nut.

The claimed device, in comparison with the known devices, has the following advantages:

- when the wheel runs over the force-measuring device due to the H-shaped design of the pressure plate, with the heels and supports of the load cells placed outside the loading line. Thus, the load is distributed from the wheel to the active rail and then through the pressure plate to the load cells in any combination. The proposed design does not require high accuracy of execution, therefore, it is easy to manufacture, since the readings of all four sensors that receive the load from the active rail are summed up automatically and the sum of the readings is displayed on the device. The proposed design of the pressure plate allows the load from the wheel to be distributed over four sensors, to reduce the dynamic load on the sensors when the wheel collides and to reduce the corresponding overload of the sensors;

- the proposed design of the pressure plate is not critical to the manufacturing accuracy, since it provides guaranteed support for at least three sensors, the readings of which are summed up in any combination;

- the lack of precise machining of the mating parts makes it quite easy to manufacture a structure at any machine-building enterprise with minimal costs;

- the support of each active rail on four sensors, as well as the presence of a centering device and a limiter, ensures the stability of the wheel on the active rail, even with a significant load on the axle and the lateral component of the force from the taper of the wheel;

- the device allows you to determine the load from the wheel on the rail for different types of rolling stock and allows weighing, both in a static mode and when the rolling stock is moving.

These distinctive features make it possible to achieve the required technical result. Thus, a device for wheel-type weighing of rolling stock with improved performance characteristics compared to existing railway scales and with the determination of the load on the rail from the car wheel has been created.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by graphical materials presented in FIG. 1-6 and Table 1.

FIG. 1. Diagram of a weighing device, where 1 is an active rail, 2 is a pressure plate, 3 is a load cell heel, 4 is a weight cell, 5 is a base plate, 6 is a base, 7 is a hole, 8 is a centering device, 9 is a support washer, 10 - nut.

FIG. 2. The weighing device with the limiter removed.

FIG. 3. Readings of the TV-015N devices, recording the values of the wheel loads on the weight measuring sensors.

FIG. 4. Determination of the load on the rail of the railway rolling stock from each wheel of the wheelset.

FIG. 5. Determination of the load on the rail of the railway rolling stock from each wheel of the railway bogie.

FIG. 6. Numbering scheme for the wheels of a passenger car.

Table 1. Measured wheel loads on the rail of a passenger car.

Implementation of the utility model

The proposed design of a device for weighing a railway rolling stock FIG. 1 consists of: an active section of a rail 1 having the ability to move vertically, for example, by isolating it with a gap from the rail track FIG. 2, for example, in section, rigidly connected, with a pressure plate 2, also having a vertical degree of freedom. At the outer corners of the pressure plate 2, from its lower side, the heels of the load cells 3 are arranged, resting on the measuring elements of the load cells 4, installed on a steel base plate 5, laid on a rigid, for example, concrete, base 6. In the central part of the pressure plate 2 two holes 7 are arranged, with centering devices 8 tightly installed in them, rigidly fixed with the lower part in the steel base plate 5, for example, by welding. At the top of the cylindrical part of the centering devices 8, a threaded part is arranged, containing a limiter consisting of a support washer 9 and a nut 10. To register the results of load measurements from four sensors on an active rail, they are electrically connected with devices fixing and processing the sensor readings, for example, a weight measuring device TV- 015H Fig. 3 or an instrumentation amplifier, for example, "Spider-8", with a personal computer.

Measurement of the generation load of railway rolling stock using the claimed device is carried out as follows.

When the wheel hits the active rail 1, the load from the wheel creates a vertical movement of the active rail 1, which is transmitted through the pressure plate 2 with the heels of the load cells 3, to the load cells 4. The readings of the sensors are recorded by a weighing device, for example, a weight measuring device TV-015N Fig. 3 or an instrumentation amplifier, for example, "Spider-8", with a personal computer, and the vehicle load is determined.

The proposed design of the pressure plate and the location of four load cells ensure the constancy of the total load from the wheel regardless of its position on the active rail. During the test, a load, for example a carriage, is rolled along a section of track equipped with at least two devices for weighing railway rolling stock. FIG. 4, and, after processing the signals from the load cells, the load from each wheel on the rail is determined.

To determine the values of the load on the rail of a railway rolling stock from each wheel of a wheel pair, a combination of two inventive devices is used, located symmetrically relative to the central axis of the railroad bed FIG. 4. To determine the values of the load on a rail of a railway rolling stock from each wheel of a railway bogie, a combination of four inventive devices is used, located symmetrically relative to the central axis of the railroad bed. 5. By rolling different types of railway rolling stock from cars: 2-axle, 4-axle, 6-axle or 8-axle, through the above-mentioned combination of the claimed devices, it is possible to determine the load of each wheel on the rail. compositions in statics, you need a device of a combination, consisting, respectively, of 4, 8, 12 or 16 of the claimed devices.

The implementation of the proposed device makes it possible to determine the indicators of the weighing of railway rolling stock gauge, for example, 1520 mm, 1440 mm or other size, by directly measuring the load from the wheel on the rail of the following rolling stock: passenger, special and freight cars, subway cars, electric and diesel cars -trains, traction and multi-unit rolling stock and their bogies.

The obtained values of the load from the car wheel on the rail are compared with the permissible values of the indicators according to GOST R 55182-2012 “Locomotive-hauled passenger carriages. General technical requirements ", to assess the compliance of rolling stock with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union, technical specifications, technical specifications or other regulatory documents for railway rolling stock to determine compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

Industrial applicability A device for wheel-type weighing of railway rolling stock has been developed and manufactured in accordance with the claimed utility model. It has been successfully tested for various models of railway rolling stock.

Example of device implementation

The determination of the load from each wheel on the rails of a passenger car is made by rolling through a combination of the two claimed devices, located symmetrically relative to the central axis of the railroad bed. 4. In this case, a vertical movement of the active rail 1 occurs, which is transferred to the pressure plate 2 rigidly connected to it, and then, through the heels of the load cells 3 installed in its outer corners, from its lower side, to the measuring elements of the load cells 4 mounted on the steel base plate 5, laid on a rigid base 6. The readings of the load cells from each wheel are transmitted by means of electrical connection to the processing and fixing devices: the weight measuring device TV-015N FIG. 3 or measuring amplifier "Spider-8" with a personal computer. The results of measuring the loads from each wheel on the rail FIG. 6 are summarized in Table 1.

To ensure the stability of the wheel on the active rail, even with a significant load on the axle and the lateral component of the force from the taper of the wheel, in the central part of the pressure plate, two holes 7 are arranged symmetrically relative to the central axis of the rail track, with centering devices 8 tightly installed in them, which are the lower part are rigidly fixed in a base plate laid on a rigid base, while a threaded part is arranged in the top of the cylindrical part of the centering devices, containing a stop consisting of a support washer 9 and a nut 10.

The claimed device does not require high manufacturing accuracy and can be manufactured in a standard mechanical workshop using available tools and metalworking methods.

Claims (2)

1. A device for weighing a railway rolling stock, consisting of an active section of a rail having the ability to move vertically, rigidly connected to the central part of the H-shaped pressure plate, also having a vertical degree of freedom, and in the outer corners of the pressure plate, from its lower side, the heels of the load cells are arranged in contact with the measuring elements of the load cells installed on a steel base plate laid on a rigid base, while the load cells are electrically connected with the fixing and processing the readings of the sensors. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the central part of the pressure plate, two holes are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the rail bed, with centering devices tightly installed in them, which are rigidly fixed in the lower part in the base plate laid on a rigid base, when In this case, a threaded part is arranged at the top of the cylindrical part of the centering devices, containing a stop, consisting of a support washer and a nut.

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