RU2056716C1 - Seeding system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: seeding system has hopper 1 with slit-type window 1 and doser 3 with gate 4 made in the form of cantilevered spring. Gate 4 is controlled through electromagnet 5. Free end of gate 4 is positioned above collecting plate 6 mounted in lower part of slit- type window 2. Curved gate deflecting guides 7 made from flexible material are positioned between gate 4 and electromagnet 5. Guide curvature extent and configuration are set through stop screws 8 to provide for maximum tracing of draft characteristic. Gate free edge is positioned adjacent to detachable collecting plate 6 provided with gaged exit windows 9. Electromagnet is mounted on guides 7 of gate 4. Electromagnet windings are switched to output of programming-amplifying unit 10 electrically connected with speed detector 11 on carrier wheel 12. Seeding system has detectors 13 for controlling operation of gate 4. Detectors 13 are electrically connected with programming-amplifying unit 10 through pulse generating unit 14 and switch amplifier 15, whose output is connected with indicating unit 16. Grain tubes 17 are adjoining to lower part of dosers 3. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery and more specifically to sowing devices used in the process of agricultural work.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability, reduce the energy intensity of the system and expand technological capabilities by sowing seeds of various sizes.

 In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a metering system with a cut along the hopper and metering unit.

 Figure 2 is a plan view of a collector plate with drains for seeds.

 The sowing system includes a hopper 1 with a slit window for seeds 2 and a dispenser 3. The latter contains a shutter 4, made in the form of a cantilever fixed spring. The shutter 4 is controlled by an electromagnet 5. The free end of the shutter is placed above the collector plate 6, which is installed in the lower part of the slotted window 2 of the hopper 1. Between the replaced end of the shutter and the poles of the electromagnet 5 there are installed curved guide deviations of the shutter 7 made of elastic material and limiting the angle of the shutter deviation. The magnitude and shape of the curvature of the guides 7 is set by stop screws 8 from the condition of maximum copying of the traction characteristics of the elastic and inertial forces acting on the bolt throughout its movement.

 The free edge of the shutter 4 with a small gap is adjacent to the removable collector plate 6 with several drains 9, which are calibrated windows in a thin plate. The shape, size and number of drains depends on the type of seeds and the seeding range. The electromagnets 5 are mounted on curved gate guides. The electromagnet windings are connected to the output of the software-amplifier unit 10, made in the form of a timer in combination with a discrete power amplifier and used to expand the start pulse of the speed sensor 11 connected to the support wheel of the seeder 12. The metering system is equipped with a shutter 4 control sensor 13 The sensor 13 is electrically connected to the program-amplifier block 10 through the pulse-forming block 14 and the key amplifier 15. In this case, the amplifier 15 has an output to the control-signal block 16, provided Sound and light alarm. To the bottom of the dispensers 3 adjoin the vas deferens 17.

 The device operates as follows.

 According to the commands received from the support wheel 12, the pulse signal of the speed sensor 11 is fed to the triggering input of the software-amplifier unit 10. Depending on the seeding rate, the corresponding digital code is preliminarily entered into the block 10, which ensures that the control magnet receives 5 control pulses of the required duration (than the longer the duration, the greater the seeding rate). Under the action of an electromagnet 5, the shutter 4 with a sensor frequency of 11 deflects being attracted to the curved guide 7, opening the window 2 and the seeds, due to gravitational forces, move into the source-stock space of the dispenser 3. For each cycle, part of the seeds accumulated in this space fall through the sewers 9 of the collector plate 6 into the seed tube 17. After a short time, a dynamic equilibrium occurs between the pressure of the seeds accumulated in the drainage space of the dispenser and the elastic forces of the shutter 4. When the electromagnet 5 is turned off, the shutter returns They move to the initial position, blocking window 2 of hopper 1. Since the free ends of the gates adjoin the collector plates with a small gap, the wastewater 9 is self-cleaning from foreign inclusions.

 During normal operation of the shutter 4, the signal of the control sensor 13 through the pulse forming unit 14 and the key amplifier 15 is fed to the input of the software-amplifying unit 10, increasing the initial pulse amplitude of the latter, which further reduces the average power of the electromagnet 5. In case of disturbance of the seeding process, for example, large foreign inclusions entering the source and drain space of the dispenser 3, the signal of the sensor 13 disappears, which leads to a decrease in the initial amplitude of the software-amplifier unit 10 shutter 4 and stop sowing. At the same time, the sound and light signaling of unit 16 is turned on. The expansion of the technological capabilities of the sowing system is achieved by providing a dynamic equilibrium between the pressure of the seeds accumulated in the stock solution of the metering unit 3 and the elastic forces of the shutter 4. In this case, the dynamic equilibrium occurs earlier than before when sowing large, which provides automatic adjustment of the amplitude of the shutter 4 and ultimately significantly expands the range of seeding rates.

 The expansion of the range of dynamic balance of the shutter 4 to increase the versatility of sowing is provided by elastically deformable curved guides 7, fixing the angle of deflection of the shutter 4 by changing the nature of the curvature of the guide 7 by stop screws 8. The use of curved guides 7 allows not only to deflect the shutter 4, but to reject it according to a predetermined curved surface with rolling along the guides 7, increasing the rigidity of the shutter 4 as you open the window 2 of the hopper 1.

 At the same time, the installation of electromagnet 5 directly on the elastically deformable curved guides made it possible to reduce the initial stiffness of the shutter and increase its stroke amplitude, which generally reduces the power of the electromagnetic drive and increases the reliability of dosing.

Claims (5)

 1. SOWING SYSTEM, comprising a hopper with a slotted window for seeds, a dispenser with a shutter made in the form of a cantilever fixed flat spring, controlling the shutter electromagnet, electrically connected to the support wheel of the seeder by means of a speed sensor and program-amplifier unit, and seed tubes, characterized in that that it is provided with curved shutter deflection guides mounted between the shutter and the electromagnet.  2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that a removable collector plate with calibrated windows is installed above the vas deferens, while the free end of the shutter is located above the collector plate.  3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a shutter deflection control sensor mounted on an electromagnet, a pulse forming unit, a key amplifier and an alarm unit, while the control sensor is electrically connected to the program-amplifying unit through a pulse forming unit and a key amplifier whose output is connected to the alarm unit.  4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnet is mounted on a curved gate control deviation.  5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the curved guide deflection of the dispenser shutter is made of elastic material.

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