RU2054695C1 - Device for estimation of state of atmosphere - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radar meteorology. SUBSTANCE: device has transmitter 1, starting unit 2, circulator 3, antenna 4, receiver 5, standard signal generator 6, gating unit 7, analog-to-digital converter 8, integrator 9, computer 10, polarizer 11, control unit 12 and synchronizing unit 13. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to radar meteorology and can be used to determine the state of the atmosphere.

 Known meteorological radar "RADIOGRAD", including a transmitter, antenna, standard signal generator, receiver, coupled with equipment for automatic processing of radar meteorological information (see, for example, the prospectus V / O Mashpribor. Meteorological two-wave radar. Radiograd. M. Vneshtorgizdat, 1974).

 Meteorological radar allows you to detect hail foci in the clouds, determine their coordinates and physical characteristics in a radius of up to 300 km.

 However, the disadvantage of this device is that it has a narrow functional orientation, i.e. reliably detects only meteo targets in the form of hail. When determining other types of meteorological targets (rain, snow, thunder, etc.), the specified weather radar works with large errors.

 A device for determining the state of the atmosphere, in particular for measuring rain intensity, comprising a series-connected transmitter and an antenna switch (circulator), an antenna, a standard signal generator, a series-connected receiver, a gating unit, a peak detector (analog-to-digital converter), an integrator, a calculator , a mechanical polarizer in the form of a rotating section of a circular waveguide with a built-in quarter-wave phase plate and a serially connected control unit I polarizer and an actuator (SU, USSR N 1128211, cl. the G 01 S 13/95, published. 1984).

 This device allows you to detect various meteorological targets, to quantify the intensity of hydrometeors (in particular, rain). However, it does not allow to determine the presence of radioactive impurities in the atmosphere.

 The purpose of the invention is the creation of a device for determining the state of the atmosphere, which would detect the presence of radioactive impurities in it and differentiate them from other meteo targets.

 The drawing shows a diagram of a device for determining the state of the atmosphere.

 The device comprises a transmitter 1 having a trigger unit 2. The output of the transmitter 1 is connected to the input of the circulator 3, connected with the transceiver antenna 4 and the receiver 5. The generator 6 of the standard signals with its output is connected to the second input of the receiver 5.

 The generator 6 of the standard signals with its output is connected to the second input of the receiver 5. The output of the receiver 5 is connected to the first input of the analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the integrator 8, the output of which is connected to the input of the calculator 10. The input polarizer 11 is connected to the output of the control unit 12 polarizer. The synchronization unit 13 with the first output connected to the input of the control unit 12, the second output to the second input of the gating unit 7, and the third output to the input of the transmitter start unit 2.

 The device operates as follows.

 An electrical signal from the third output of the synchronization unit 13 is supplied to the start-up unit 2 of the transmitter 1. A high-frequency sounding signal from the output of the transmitter 1 through the circulator 3 is fed to the antenna 4. At the same time, a signal including an antenna is received from the first output of the synchronization unit 13 4 to linear polarization mode. In this case, the high-frequency signal received by the antenna 4 from the circulator 3 acquires a linear polarization and is emitted as a single pulse into the observed zone of the atmosphere.

 The signal corresponding to this pulse reflected from the observed zone of the atmosphere is received by the antenna 4 and fed through the circulator 3 to the first input of the receiver 5. A signal from the generator 6 of standard signals is supplied to the second input of the receiver in order to calibrate it. From the output of the receiver 5, the received and amplified signal is supplied to the first input of the gating unit 7. To the second input of the gating block 7, a signal is supplied from the second output of the synchronization block 13, which provides temporary selection of the reflected signal and marking it according to its polarization. From the output of block 7, the marked signal is fed to the input of an analog-to-digital converter 8, from the output of which the signal is digitally fed to the input of the integrator 9.

 Then, after an interval of 1 ms, the synchronization unit 13 from the third output again gives a signal to the input of the start unit 2 of the transmitter 1, and from its first output, gives a signal to the input of the polarizer control unit 12, including the antenna 4 in the circular polarization mode.

 Then, a probing single pulse of circular polarization is emitted into the observed zone of the atmosphere. The reflected signal is received, amplified, marked by its polarization and fed to the input of the integrator 9 similarly to the linear polarization signal described above. Then after 1 ms the probing single pulse of linear polarization is again emitted, etc.

All reflected linear polarization signals are summed in the integrator 9 and the averaged signal is supplied from the output of the integrator 9 to the input of the calculator 10. The calculator 10 determines the reflectivity Z _{l of the} observed zone of the atmosphere relative to the linear polarization pulses.

All reflected circular polarization signals are also summed in the integrator 9 and the averaged signal is fed from the output of the integrator 9 to the input of the calculator 10, which determines the reflectivity Z _{to the} observed zone of the atmosphere relative to the circular polarization pulses.

Due to the fact that the probe pulses of different polarization are transmitted through one with a very short interval (1 ms), the averaged signals and, accordingly, reflectivity refer to almost the same time interval. In addition, a single circular polarization pulse is supplied by the rotating antenna from substantially the same position in which the antenna emitted the previous linear polarization pulse. Antenna rotation speed usually is 6 revolutions / min or 36% For 1 ms antenna is rotated by only ^about 0.036, while the width of the antenna pattern in the azimuth plane is ^about 0.5.

Thus, it is possible to determine the ratio of Z _l / Z _to for the same limited zone of the atmosphere.

According to the determined values of reflectivity Z ₁ and Z _to and their ratio To Z _l / Z _to determine the state of the atmosphere (see table).

Claims (1)

 DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE ATMOSPHERE STATUS, comprising a series-connected transmitter with a start-up unit, a circulator and an antenna, a standard signal generator, a series-connected receiver, a gating unit, an analog-to-digital converter, an integrator and a computer, a polarizer, a polarizer control unit connected to it, the first input of the receiver connected to the second output of the circulator, the output of the standard signal generator is connected to the second input of the receiver, characterized in that a synchronization unit is inserted into it ii, one output of which is connected to the input polarizer of the control unit, the second output - to a second input of the gate unit, and the third output - to the input of the transmitter unit run.

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