RU2054216C1 - Aerial - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aerial equipment. SUBSTANCE: invention is meant for use in ground-based satellite TV system with simultaneous increase of gain factor and simplified tuning process. Aerial includes spherical lens 1 of central symmetry and aerial feeds 6 located on spherical surface concentric on spherical lens. The lens is anchored by means of arc holder 3 in its polar points 2 on support 7. Azimuthal and elevation angle guides 4 and 5 fabricated in the form of sections of arcs are mounted for movement along holder 3 and relative to each other. Each elevation angle guide 5 carries feed 6 mounted for movement along direction towards center of spherical lens 1, for turning about its own axis and for fixation. Axis of spherical lens 1 passes through polar attachment points 2 and makes with local vertical line angle α≃ 1/2(90-Φ-9,2 sin Φ) deg. Length of azimuthal guide 4 is l_az≅ 2R₁ arctg (R₃/R) and length of each elevation angle guide 5 is l_an= 0,2 R₂, where Φ is latitude of installation point of aerial; R is radius of spherical lens 1 of central symmetry; R₁ is radius of azimuthal guide 4, R₂ is radius of elevation angle guide 5; R₃ is distance from phase center of feed 6 to center of spherical lens 1. EFFECT: increased gain factor and simplified tuning process. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to antenna technology and can be used to create antennas for receiving signals from various directions, in particular, to create antennas for a terrestrial satellite communication system and television broadcasting.

 A known antenna device [1] containing a parabolic reflector and an irradiator mounted on a rotary device, used as part of the terrestrial satellite television system (STV). However, the disadvantage of the device [1] is the possibility of pointing it at only one radiation source, while in a stationary orbit there are several artificial Earth satellites used in STV. The device [1] allows you to only alternately aim at the satellite, without providing simultaneous reception of television programs from several satellite transponders.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved results is an antenna device containing a spherical lens of central symmetry and irradiators located on a spherical surface, the concentric surface of a spherical lens of central symmetry [2]
Placing the emitters at a given angle to the axis of the spherical lens of central symmetry allows you to receive signals emitted from directions that coincide with the direction from the emitter to the center of the spherical lens of central symmetry.

 However, the unresolved issues of installing lenses and irradiators do not allow the use of the device [2] in the terrestrial satellite television system and provide the maximum possible value of the KU of the antenna device in the direction to any of the satellites visible at the point of standing of the antenna device due to the shading of the radiating surface by the structural elements and the convenience of tuning the antenna devices during its commissioning.

 The aim of the invention is to enable the use of an antenna device in a terrestrial satellite television system while increasing the gain of the antenna device and simplifying the tuning process.

(90-Φ-9,2 sinΦ)^°, отсчитываемый от указанной оси в сторону дугового держателя, длина азимутальной направляющей l_аз должна удовлетворять условию
l_аз ≅ 2R₁ arctg (R₃/R), а длина каждой угломестной составляющей равна
l_ум 0,2 R₂, где Φ широта места установки антенного устройства,
R радиус сферической линзы центральной симметрии;
R₁ радиус азимутальной направляющей;
R₂ радиус угломестной направляющей;
R₃ расстояние от фазового центра каждого облучателя до центра сферической линзы центральной симметрии.This is achieved by the fact that in an antenna device including a spherical lens of central symmetry and irradiators located on the spherical surface of the concentric surface of the spherical lens of central symmetry, an arc holder is introduced, concentric to the surface of the spherical lens of central symmetry, which is attached to its free ends at its polar points , azimuthal and elevation guides made in the form of segments of arcs, and on each elevation guide placed one irradiator with with the possibility of movement and fixation, the azimuthal guide is attached to the arc holder from its inner side perpendicular to it in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the spherical lens of central symmetry passing through the polar attachment points concentrically to the surface of the spherical lens of central symmetry, elevation guides are mounted on the azimuthal guide perpendicular to it and concentric surfaces of a spherical lens of central symmetry with the ability to move and fix, as well as a stand, Connections with the outside of the arc of the holder, which is disposed in a vertical plane, and the spherical lens central axis of symmetry extending through the polar point of attachment is to the local vertical angle α ≃

(90-Φ-9.2 sinΦ) ^° , counted from the indicated axis towards the arc holder, the length of the azimuthal guide l _az must satisfy the condition
l _az ≅ 2R ₁ arctan (R ₃ / R), and the length of each elevation component is
l _mind 0.2 R ₂ , where Φ is the latitude of the installation site of the antenna device,
R is the radius of the spherical lens of central symmetry;
R ₁ radius of the azimuthal guide;
R ₂ radius elevation guide;
R _{3 is the} distance from the phase center of each irradiator to the center of a spherical lens of central symmetry.

 In order to expand the functionality of the antenna device, the outer side of the arc holder is made in the form of a sector of the gear wheel and engages with the inserted worm, equipped with a drive and mounted horizontally on a stand. To further increase the gain of the antenna device, each irradiator is mounted with the possibility of moving along the direction to the center of the spherical lens of central symmetry. To adjust the polarization, each irradiator is mounted with the possibility of rotation around its own axis.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed solution is characterized in that the spherical lens of central symmetry (SLTC) is mounted on an arc holder mounted on a stand with the specified orientation, and the irradiators are placed on guides with the possibility of their limited movement on a spherical surface, concentric surface SLTSS, with subsequent fixation. It is also possible to perform the outer side of the arc holder in the form of a sector of a gear wheel that engages with a worm equipped with a drive and mounted horizontally on a stand.

 The drawing shows the design of the antenna device.

(90-Φ-9,2 sinΦ)^° отсчитываемый от указанной оси в сторону дугового держателя. Наружная сторона держателя 3 может быть выполнена в виде сектора зубчатого колеса 8, которое входит в зацепление с червяком 9, снабженным приводом 10. Ролики 11 удерживают держатель 3 в вертикальной плоскости. Антенное устройство работает следующим образом.The antenna device includes a spherical lens of central symmetry 1, fixed by its polar points 2 on the free ends of the arc holder 3, the concentric surface of the SLCS 1; azimuthal 4 and elevation 5 guides made in the form of segments of arcs, and each irradiation guide 5 has one irradiator 6 with the ability to move and fix, the azimuthal guide 4 is attached to the arc holder 3 from its inside perpendicular to it and concentric to the surface of the SLCC 1. Carbon guides 5 are mounted on the azimuthal guide 4 perpendicular to it and concentrically to the surface of the SLCS 1 with the possibility of movement and fixation. The base 7 is connected to the outer side of the arc holder 3, while the latter is located in the meridional plane, and the axis of the SLCC 1 passing through the polar points 2 makes an angle α ≃ with the local vertical

(90-Φ-9.2 sinΦ) ^° counted from the indicated axis towards the arc holder. The outer side of the holder 3 can be made in the form of a sector of the gear 8, which engages with a worm 9 equipped with a drive 10. The rollers 11 hold the holder 3 in a vertical plane. The antenna device operates as follows.

As you know, the satellites of the satellite television system are located in a stationary orbit in the equatorial plane. These satellites emit microwave television signals that fall on the antenna device at different angles in a plane close to the equatorial. After focusing the plane waves arriving from each direction, they are carried out at the focusing points on the focal spherical surface by irradiators 6, which, for optimal reception, are placed at the intersection points of the focal spherical surface of the SLCS 1 with the straight lines passing through the satellite and the center of the SLCS 1. For optimal reception it is necessary to ensure the maximum KU of the antenna device in the direction of each of the satellites, which, in turn, can be provided in the following ways:
to provide a "clean" (without shading) surface of the hemisphere SLTSS 1 in the direction of each satellite;
provide the ability to move the irradiators 6 along the focal spherical surface of the SLCS 1.

-Φ-arctg

где R_зм ≃ 6400 км радиус Земли;
R_исз≃ 40000 км расстояние до ИСЗ (см.фиг.3).This is achieved if the SLCC 1 is fixed with polar points 2 on the free ends of the arc holder 3 concentrically to the surface of the SLCC 1. In this case, the arc holder 3 is located in the meridional plane and rests on the stand 7, which is designed to install the antenna device on the surface (for example, a roof) . The axis of the SLCC 1 passing through the polar attachment points 2 makes up a local vertical angle
α ≃

-Φ-arctg

where R _zm ≃ 6400 km radius of the Earth;
R _з ≃ 40,000 km distance to the satellite (see Fig. 3).

(90-Φ-9,2 sinΦ)^° (1)
Очевидно в этом случае для каждого из ИСЗ на геостационарной орбите обеспечивается условие видимости "чистой" полусферы СЛЦС 1 без затенений даже при наличии узлов крепления в полярных точках 2.After calculations, it is easy to obtain that the angle of inclination of the axis of the SLCS 1 is
α ≃

(90-Φ-9.2 sinΦ) ^° (1)
Obviously, in this case, for each of the satellites in geostationary orbit, the condition for the visibility of the “clean” hemisphere of the SLCC 1 without shading is provided even if there are attachment points at polar points 2.

 Optimum reception can also be ensured if the irradiators 6 are placed at the focal points of the received field. This can be achieved by fine-tuning the position of the irradiators 6 along the focal spherical surface, for which each irradiator 6 is placed on the elevation guide 5 with the possibility of movement and fixation, and elevation guides 5 are placed on the azimuthal guide 4 perpendicular to it also with the possibility of movement and fixation. In this case, the guides 4 and 5 are made of arc and concentric surfaces of the SLCC 1. It should be noted that the condition for minimum shading of the surface of the SLCC 1 is also that the azimuthal guide 4 must be attached to the arc holder 3 from its inner side in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the SLCC 1 passing through the polar points 2.

 By moving the irradiators 6 along the elevation guides 5 and the elevation guides 5 along the azimuthal guide 4, each of the irradiators 6 is moved along the focal spherical surface of the SLCC 1 until the maximum signal from the output of each irradiator 6 is obtained and then each of the irradiators 6 is fixed on the corresponding elevation guide 5 and each elevation guide 5 on the azimuthal guide 4. This design greatly facilitates the setup of the antenna device after e for on-site installation.

The maximum length of the azimuthal guide 5 l _az can be determined from the conditions of the absence of shadowing of the source by a system of irradiators. In this case, the desired length is
l _az 2R ₁ arctg (R ₃ / R ₁ ), where R is the radius of the sphere of the SLCS 1;
R ₁ radius of the azimuthal guide;
R _{3 the} distance from the phase center of the irradiator 6 to the center of the SLCS 1.

The length of the elevation guide 5 can be determined from the condition that the irradiator 6 can be moved at different azimuths of the satellite. As follows from formula (1), the maximum correction to the angle of inclination of the axis of the SLCS 1 will be 9.2 ^about . Given the possible inaccuracy in the installation of the axis of the SLCC 1, it is advisable to accept a range of adjustment of the elevation angle of each irradiator 0.2 rad Hence the length of the elevation guide 5 is equal
l _mind 0.2 R ₂ , where R _{2 is the} radius of the elevation guide 5.

In the case of linear polarization, the polarization plane of the irradiator is adjusted by turning it around its own axis. Moreover, the angle of rotation of the plane of polarization relative to the meridional plane is 0 ^about for the direction to the south and monotonically changes to values ± α at the edges of the visibility sector of the geostationary orbit.

 If the place of installation of the antenna device is known in advance, then the angle of inclination of the axis of the SLCC 1 is set during manufacture by appropriate fastening of the holder 3 on the basis of 7. If the installation location of the antenna device is not known in advance, then it is advisable to make the position of the axis of the SLCC 1 adjustable. For this purpose, the outer side of the arc holder 3 is made in the form of a sector of the gear 8, which engages with the worm 9, equipped with a drive 10 and mounted horizontally on the stand 7. In this case, after installing the antenna device at the place of operation, the axis of the SLCC 1 is set in accordance with relation (1) by rotating the worm 9.

 To compensate for the non-sphericity of the focal surface of the SLCS 1, which also maximizes the KU of the antenna device.

 Thus, when using the invention, it is possible to use an antenna device made on the basis of a spherical lens of central symmetry in a terrestrial satellite television system while maximizing the gain of the antenna device and simplifying the tuning process using the proposed design for mounting a spherical lens and irradiators.

Claims (3)

1. ANTENNA DEVICE, including a spherical lens of central symmetry and irradiators located on a spherical surface, a concentric surface of a spherical lens of central symmetry, characterized in that in order to enable the use of an antenna device in a terrestrial satellite television system while simultaneously increasing the gain of the antenna device and simplifying the tuning process, introduced the arc holder, concentric to the surface of a spherical lens of central symmetry, I am attached to its free ends at its polar points, azimuthal and elevation guides made in the form of arc segments, with each irradiator placed one irradiator with the ability to move and fix, the azimuthal guide is attached to the arc holder from its inside perpendicular to it in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spherical lens of central symmetry passing through the polar attachment points concentrically to the surface of the spherical lens of central symmetry, elevation guides are mounted on an azimuthal guide perpendicular to it and concentric to the surface of a spherical lens of central symmetry with the possibility of movement and fixation, as well as a stand connected to the outer side of the arc holder, which is located in a vertical plane, and the axis of the spherical lens of central symmetry passing through the polar mounting points makes up the angle with the local vertical

measured from the indicated axis towards the arc holder, the length of the azimuthal guide
l _{a s} ≅ 2R ₁ arctan (R ₃ / R),
and the length of each elevation guide l _{y m} = 0.2 R ₂ , where Φ is the latitude of the installation site of the antenna device, R is the radius of the spherical lens of central symmetry, R ₁ is the radius of the azimuthal guide, R ₂ is the radius of the elevation guide, R ₃ is the distance from the phase center of each irradiator to the center of a spherical lens of central symmetry.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the outer side of the arc holder is made in the form of a sector of the gearwheel, which engages with the inserted worm, equipped with a drive and mounted horizontally on a stand.  3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that each irradiator is mounted to move along the direction to the center of the spherical lens of central symmetry and rotate around its own axis.