RU205122U1 - Short apron - Google Patents

Abstract

The device belongs to light industry products, in particular to items of work clothes, and can be used in enterprises with high humidity to protect workers' clothing from moisture and general industrial pollution, as well as as a means of personal protection in food production, when washing an enterprise, equipment or cars. The technical problem to be solved by the device is a low degree of protection of the body from moisture, high material consumption and labor intensity. The technical result is a decrease in material consumption. The technical result is achieved by using a shortened apron having solid front and back parts with a length not lower than the lower part of a person's waist, to which sleeves are attached, and fixing ties to one of the parts.

Description

The device belongs to light industry products, in particular to items of waterproof work clothing, and can be used in enterprises with high humidity to protect workers' clothing from moisture and general industrial pollution, as well as as a means of personal protection in food production, when washing an enterprise, equipment or vehicles.

FARTUK, -a, husband. 1. The same as the apron. 2. Cover, tire, and also covering the upper part of some kind. devices (Dictionary of the Russian language: approx. 53 000 words / S. I. Ozhegov; Under the General editorship of Prof. L. I. Skvortsov. - 24th ed., revised - M .: LLC "Publishing House" ONICS 21st century ": LLC" Publishing House of Peace and Education ", 2005. - 896 p.).

Waterproof clothing is a special form designed to ensure the comfort and dryness of a person working in high humidity conditions, as well as in enterprises where additional protection is required.

The main purpose of waterproof clothing is to protect against high humidity. Therefore, waterproof clothing can be used both for fishing or on a camping trip, and for any work where contact with water is inevitable. In addition to the fact that moisture-proof clothing is created for a person to work in humid climatic conditions, it is widely used in industries with high humidity and a level of general industrial pollution, as well as when working with various chemicals. In order to minimize discomfort from working in high humidity conditions, personal protective equipment should be used.

A waterproof wardrobe will improve working conditions not only in factories. Many people, when going on vacation or on long hikes, prefer to take professional protection kits against moisture. This shape is convenient, does not take up much space in the bag and will keep your clothes dry. In addition, waterproof clothing has a wide range of applications in industry, manufacturing and construction.

There are several types of waterproof clothing:

suits: they are male and female and consist of trousers, a jacket and shoes;

raincoats - long hooded capes;

semi-overalls - trousers with straps and closed chest;

overalls - a completely closed form of clothing that allows you to keep not only dryness, but also warmth;

aprons (aprons) - partially cover the human body from the chest, back, upper or lower parts.

The range of materials used for the manufacture of special waterproof clothing is quite diverse. Clothes of this type are made of special water-repellent materials - PVC, polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyester and other polymer materials, which provides the best protection against dampness, precipitation, dirt, windy weather. A special technology for creating products makes them waterproof: they are made using special chemical threads and fibers, presented in different textures, finishes and colors. Additionally, fabrics can be treated with impregnating compounds that protect against water for a short time. Therefore, waterproof jackets, trousers and overalls are ideal for outdoor activities and any cleaning, watering work.

The manufacturing technology of waterproof clothing has its own characteristics. Products of this type are made from one-piece elements with a minimum number of seams, which are soldered, welded or glued, which prevents even minimal moisture from entering a person. Pockets and flaps on it are sealed, equipped with protective pads. Solid - from one substance, from one piece, solid. FITTED, th, th and FITTED, th, th. Cut along with another piece of clothing. Ts. Collar (cut with sides). Ts. Sleeve (cut out together with the outer part of the garment). (Dictionary of the Russian language: approx. 53,000 words / S. I. Ozhegov; Under the general editorship of Prof. L. I. Skvortsov. - 24th ed., Revised - M .: ONIX 21 Publishing House LLC century ": LLC" Publishing House of Peace and Education ", 2005. - 896 p.).

Glue - to make, fastening with glue. Soldering - treating something with a metal alloy heated to a liquid state for the purpose of joining, bonding. Weld - join by filling the gaps with molten metal or by squeezing and forging hot. (Dictionary of the Russian language: approx. 53,000 words / S. I. Ozhegov; Under the general editorship of Prof. L. I. Skvortsov. - 24th ed., Revised - M .: ONIX 21 Publishing House LLC century ": LLC" Publishing House of Peace and Education ", 2005. - 896 p.).

Soldering is the connection of parts by introducing a special bonding component into the junction.

Welding - joining parts, most often metal, by heating to the degree of melting of their adjoining parts. There are also welding methods that involve bonding parts to each other under high pressure without applying heat. (https://thedifference.ru/chem-otlichaetsya-svarka-ot-pajki/).

Welding of polymeric materials is one of the methods of creating permanent connection of structural elements. As a result of welding, the interface disappears between the surfaces to be joined, turning into a blurred transition layer. The strength of the bond is determined by the forces of interatomic and intermolecular interactions arising in this layer. In the case of welding linear or branched polymers (thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers), the transition layer is formed as a result of the diffusion of polymer macromolecules, which is possible during the transition of the polymer into a viscous fluid state. The latter is realized when the materials to be welded are heated or when they are exposed to a solvent. Accordingly, a distinction is made between diffusion heat welding and solvent diffusion welding. A strong welded connection of ladder or three-dimensional polymers, which cannot be transferred to a melt or solution, can be formed by chemical interaction of macromolecules with each other or with a crosslinking agent introduced into the welding zone. This method of creating a joint is called chemical welding. It is also used for welding some crystalline or oriented thermoplastics, when trying to prevent damage to the structure of the materials being welded to the maximum extent.

Depending on the method of heating the materials to be joined, the most common types of welding of polymer materials are welding with a heated gas, a heated tool, high-frequency currents and ultrasonic welding. If we consider these types of welding by a set of selection criteria, then the most cost-effective and versatile in functionality (complexity and variety of welds performed) and in the amount of materials that can be welded by this method is heated gas welding. Welding machines, in which a heated gas (usually air) acts as a heat source, differ in their capabilities and are selected depending on production tasks. The main welding parameters are the temperature of the heated gas, the clamping pressure, as well as the welding speed, on which its temperature-time regime depends. Modern stationary welding machines have high productivity, carrying out continuous welding of polymer fabrics at a speed of up to 30 m / min.

The surfaces to be joined are heated by a stream of heated gas and brought into contact with the filler material heated by the same stream or with each other. Welding using a filler material is used to connect parts made of polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamides, pentaplast, and polyformaldehyde. A plasticizer (3-10% by weight of the composition) can be added to the filler material in the form of a round, rectangular or triangular section made of the same polymer as in the parts to be welded. Non-plasticized material is preferable in the manufacture of products operating in corrosive environments and at elevated temperatures.

Welding is preferred to other methods of creating a permanent connection of polymeric materials (gluing, riveting, molding, press fit) in cases where:

the parts to be joined are made of the same materials or from materials with close values of the cohesion energy density;

the presence of fasteners or adhesive layers foreign to the materials to be joined is unacceptable;

the most important requirements for the process are high productivity and the possibility of mechanization and automation. The inseparability of welded assemblies, the difficulties arising when joining dissimilar materials, as well as the low strength of the seams under delamination loads, limit the use of welding.

Especially convenient to use are products of a shortened type with a length not lower than the waist of a person, which can be worn both over and under the main clothing.

Loin (lumbus, PNA, BNA, JNA) - the lower back, bounded from above by the twelfth ribs, from below by the crests of the ilia and the base of the sacrum (https://medicinskie-terminy.slovaronline.com/23147-POYASNITSA).

Known protective bib (patent US 20080092263 A1, 04.24.2008), containing a panel having a neck, middle and lower parts; the bottom section has a slot extending from the bottom of the bottom section to the middle section, thereby dividing the bottom section into a bottom right section and a bottom left section, with each of the bottom right section and the bottom left section having an outer end and an inner end, each end of which has one or more fasteners; a neckline having a collar and a pair of holes for sleeves, the panel is cut in such a way as to obtain an open back, the panel is cut in such a way as to cover significant parts of the user's legs, knees, torso and chest, the ends of the collar cover the user's neck, the collar has two ends that can be joined together using one or more fastening elements around the user's neck, fastening elements selected from the group consisting of buttons, ties, hooks, loops, magnets, weights, zippers and adhesives, sleeves extend substantially laterally from the neck, ends sleeves are either snug or open, the collar contains an opening formed in the neck portion of the panel to receive the user's neck, the bottom of the panel is usually wider than the neck and middle portion so that the bottom can be wrapped around the wearer's legs and knees, right the bottom part and the lower left part overlap each other, the outer end of the lower right section of the attachment is fastened with one or more fasteners to the outer end of the lower left section, and the inner end of the lower right section is fastened using one or more fasteners for the inner end of the lower left section to form a single closed bib, the outer and inner ends of the lower right section are fastened with fasteners around the right leg of the user, and the outer and inner ends of the left lower part are fastened using fasteners around the left leg of the user, forming an open bib, the bib is made using one or more of waterproof, absorbent, disposable, animals, plants, minerals , synthetic materials, viscose, polyester, wool, flax, nylon, cotton, acrylic, acetate, aramid, olefin, ingeo, or a combination thereof, the insert and sleeves are made from a single piece of clothing, the bib can be at least one of a robe, an apron or overalls, a bib can be To be used on an already seated user without requiring him to stand up, a seat with a vertical obstacle between the user's legs can be placed on the bib. A method of manufacturing a protective bib includes the following steps: selecting at least one material for making a protective bib; creating a panel from a material such that the panel contains a neck section, a middle section and a bottom section; forming a slot in the bottom section extending from the bottom of the bottom section to the middle section, thereby dividing the bottom section into a bottom right section and a bottom left section, the bottom right section and the bottom left section contain an outer end and an inner end, each end of which has one or several fasteners; and forming a collar and a pair of sleeve openings at the neckline. The method of using a protective bib includes the following steps: providing a protective bib, putting on a collar around the wearer's neck, securing the outer and inner ends of the right lower part around the first leg of the wearer using one or more fastening elements, securing the outer and inner ends of the left lower part around the second leg using one or more fastening elements.

The disadvantage of the protective bib is the insufficiently high degree of protection of the user from moisture and dirt.

Known apron-dressing gown (patent RU 6306 U1, 04.16.1998), consisting of an upper element of the front and back, a lower element in the form of a panel and fixation means, characterized in that the upper elements of the front and back are made integral with the lower panel, forming the central part front and back, and the central part of the back is made of two symmetrical halves, superimposed on each other, forming a smell, the fixation means is formed of two half-belts, one of which is of a smaller size is equipped at the end with a row of loops and is attached along the waist line to the edge of the lower back the central part of the back, and the other is attached to the upper central part of the back, the length corresponds to the volume of the waist and is equipped at the end with a button, the central parts of the front and back are interconnected by lower side panels; the lower side panels are equipped with pockets; on the upper element of the front, a breast pocket is sewn, equipped with the logo of the enterprise; pockets along the edge are finished with an oblique trimming 0.1-0.3 mm wide; the edges of the upper back element are processed with overlock at the same time with the braid and stitched inward; all seams are double.

The disadvantage of the device is the insufficiently high degree of protection of the user from moisture and dirt.

Known apron-dressing gown (RU 67825 U1, 10.11.2007), containing the central elements of the shelf and back, side elements connecting the central elements and a fixing means, characterized in that the central element of the back is made one-piece, the fixing means is made in the form of a lateral side fastener on buttons and hinges, side elements are equipped with an elastic belt; patch pockets on the side elements are made equal in width to the side elements; the neckline of the central element of the shelf is U-shaped; side seams of the central element of the front and back, U-shaped neckline and upper edge of the pockets.

The disadvantage of the device is the insufficiently high degree of protection of the user from moisture and dirt.

Known chest apron with food collector (RU 167478 U1, 01/10/2017), which is a device for protecting outerwear made of elastic material in the form of a rectangle folded in half with a sealed bottom edge; a circular hole cut through in the folded rectangle, when opened, has two holes for attachment to the user's forearms; in the folded rectangle along the fold, a semicircular hole is cut off, which, when unfolded, has a larger diameter circle for attaching to the user's neck; necessarily has a short guide to the user: user category and precautions; can have a rounded rectangle corners for aesthetics, as well as various design themes; has the possibility of additional reusable fasteners, if required by the consumer; may have modified slots for the hands and head in order to facilitate their adjustment to the shapes and sizes of human anatomical features.

The disadvantage of the device is the insufficiently high degree of protection of the user from moisture and dirt.

Known protective apron made of rolled material (RU 2236804 C2, 09/27/2004), folded in half and wound on a bobbin, made with left and right sides symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis formed by the fold of the material, and including a neck hole and fixing elements formed by perforation of the material , characterized in that the cervical opening is formed by perforating the material, starting from the upper edge and parallel to the longitudinal axis at a distance h from it, with the completion of the perforation along the radius towards the longitudinal axis, the fixing elements are formed by perforating the material along the upper edge at a distance d and length L from the cut edge of the material.

The disadvantage of the device is the insufficiently high degree of protection of the user from moisture and dirt.

The closest technical solution to the "Shortened Apron" device is a garment cover (JP 2007100264 A, 12.11.2010), which includes a body consisting of a chest pad and a pair of sleeves connected to both ends of a chest pad, a neck strap and a pair of waist and back ties on both sides. The neck strap is a stretch cord with both ends attached to both ends of the top side of the chest pad so that it can be hung around the wearer's neck. One end of each of the straps is attached to both ends of the underside of the chest pad, and each is threaded through a string provided on the back of the sleeve side opening edge, and the other ends are tied at the back at the waist, the sleeves taper towards the cuffs.

The disadvantages of the device are the insufficiently high degree of protection of the human body from moisture and pollution due to incomplete coverage of the upper body from the back.

The technical problem to be solved by the device is the insufficiently high degree of protection of the human body from moisture and pollution.

The technical result is an increase in the degree of protection of the human body from moisture and pollution.

The technical result is achieved by using a shortened apron having solid front and back parts with a length not lower than the lower part of a person's waist, to which sleeves are attached, and fixing ties to one of the parts.

The user can use the shortened apron alone or in conjunction with the main long apron. The device can be reused by flipping the contaminated part onto the side of the person's back, thereby increasing its service life.

The use of a shortened apron increases the degree of protection of the human body from moisture and dirt due to the presence of solid front and back parts. The absence of differences in their performance allows the user to fix the apron on the body in two ways: by fixing ties forward or backward. A loop or elastic cuff can be used to secure the sleeves to the palm or wrist.

To solve a technical problem and achieve a technical result, a shortened apron made of PVC, polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyester or other polymeric materials is used, covering the upper part of the human body to the lumbar, having solid front and back parts, to which the sleeves are attached, and to one of the parts - fixing ties.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl, vestolite, hostalite, vinnol, corvik, sicron, jeon, nippeon, sumilite, lukovil, helvik, norvik, etc.) is a colorless, transparent plastic, thermoplastic polymer of vinyl chloride. Differs in chemical resistance to alkalis, mineral oils, many acids and solvents. In its pure form, it does not support combustion in air, but the fire resistance of plastics based on it depends on the additives used. Possesses low frost resistance (−15 ° C). Heat resistance: + 66 ° C.

Chemical formula: [-CH2-CHCl-] n. International designation - PVC (from the English polyvinyl chloride).

Molecular weight 9-170 thousand Yes. Density 1.35-1.43 g / cm³. Glass transition temperature 75-80 ° C (for heat-resistant grades - up to 105 ° C). Melting temperature 150-220 ° C. Thermal conductivity - 0.159 W / mK. Flame retardant. At temperatures above 110-120 ° C, it is prone to decomposition with the release of hydrogen chloride HCl [3].

It dissolves in cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloroethane, to a limited extent in benzene, acetone (swells). Insoluble in water, alcohols, hydrocarbons (including gasoline and kerosene). Resistant to acids, alkalis, solutions of salts, fats, alcohols, has good dielectric properties.

Ultimate tensile strength 40-50 MPa, bending strength 80-120 MPa. Specific electrical resistance 1012-1013 Ohm · m. Dielectric constant (at 50 Hz) - 3.5.

Ethylene vinyl acetate is a substance belonging to the class of esters, obtained by copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate monomer.

Vinyl acetate units are randomly distributed in the copolymer macromolecule. The vinyl acetate content determines the mechanical properties of the copolymer as well as its type (elastomer or thermoplastic). EVA with a 10-50% vinyl acetate content is most often used. At 100% vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) is obtained. With a high vinyl acetate content, EVA is highly resistant to oils, solvents, ozone and high temperatures. Low acetate copolymers have properties similar to those of low density polyethylene. In addition, the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers are dependent on side chain formation and molecular weight.

Ethylene vinyl acetate is a lightweight and resilient material with good shock-absorbing properties, superior to polyethylene in transparency and elasticity at low temperatures, and has increased adhesion to various materials.

It is applied as follows:

extrusion: films, sheets, hoses, cable sheaths, car mats .;

injection molding: shoe soles, toys, isomats;

production of hot melt adhesives (so-called hot melt adhesives).

The EVA copolymer is used for the preparation of compounds with other polymers, such as rubber, PVC or polyethylene, as well as mixtures with fillers and additives.

Ethylene vinyl acetate in the form of an aqueous dispersion is used as a film former in water dispersion paints. Redispersible ethylene vinyl acetate powder (specially dried aqueous dispersion) is used in dry building mixtures.

Operating temperature range: -80 ° C to + 55 ° C, short-term up to + 70 ° C.

Used for fishing rod grips as a cork replacement.

From EVA with the addition of dyes, sheet material is produced for needlework and the production of souvenirs foam (eng.foam, foamiran, eng.foamiran).

Polyesters (or polyesters) are high molecular weight compounds obtained by polycondensation of polybasic acids or their anhydrides with polyhydric alcohols. Natural (amber, tree resin, shellac, etc.) and artificial polyesters are known. Glyphthal resins, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether maleinates and polyether acrylates have received practical application.

Polyester fiber is a synthetic fiber formed from a melt of polyethylene terephthalate or its derivatives. Advantages - insignificant wrinkling, excellent light and weather resistance, high strength, good resistance to abrasion and organic solvents; disadvantages - difficulty in dyeing, strong electrification, hardness - are eliminated by chemical modification. It is used, for example, in the production of various fabrics, artificial fur, ropes, for reinforcing tires, as an insulation material. Main trade names: lavsan, terylene, dacron, teteron, tergal, tesil.

Depending on the type, the following polyester fibers are distinguished:

staple (fibers of the final staple length, as a rule, not more than 40-45 mm (fibers of the cotton staple diagram), used in the textile industry for the production of yarn;

filament (they are: complex threads, continuous fibers) - are threads consisting of separate endless polyester threads of low linear density (tenths of tex and below): characterized by linear density (as a rule - tex - weighing one kilometer of thread in grams), filamentousness - the number of filaments of which it consists, titer - the average linear density of one filament;

textured - as a rule, filaments subjected to a special crimping of filaments for: giving volume or joining (compacting) filaments together, etc .;

monofilament;

bulky threads (BCF).

Currently, in the global textile industry, polyester fibers occupy a dominant position among artificial fibers.

As a rule, polyester fibers are formed by extrusion (forcing through dies) from a polymer melt (polyethylene terephthalate) and air cooling. The fibers are then stretched to achieve the required staple linear density and strength. To obtain staple (discrete) fibers, the fiber bundle is chopped by cutting or breaking (on a tearing-chopping machine, the "Tow-to-Top" process).

The device is illustrated with graphic material. FIG. 1 shows a schematic drawing of a shortened apron, where 1 - sleeves, 2 - front (back) part, 3 - back (front) part, 4 - fixing ties.

FIG. 2, 3 shows an example of using an apron with fixing ties back.

The device contains three one-piece pieces of polyurethane base. Polyurethanes are heterochain polymers, the macromolecule of which contains an unsubstituted and / or substituted urethane group —N (R) —C (O) O—, where R = H, alkyl, aryl or acyl. Polyurethane macromolecules can also contain simple and ester functional groups, urea, amide groups and some other functional groups that determine the complex of properties of these polymers. Polyurethanes belong to synthetic elastomers and are widely used in industry due to a wide range of strength characteristics. They are used as substitutes for rubber in the manufacture of products operating in aggressive environments, under conditions of large alternating loads and temperatures (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanes). Polyurethane fabrics have a high level of tensile strength - up to 4 kN / 5 cm, water resistance, fire resistance, frost resistance, oil and chemical resistance, elasticity, abrasion resistance, resistance to temperature extremes (in the standard case - from -30 ° C to 70 ° FROM). These fabrics can be joined using a highly productive method such as welding.

The advantage of this bonding method over gluing is that the interface disappears between the surfaces to be joined, with the formation of a uniform transition between the surfaces to be welded. As a result, the resulting welded seam is similar in properties to the base material, including strength indicators. Welding of polymer fabric and, in particular, polyurethane, proceeds along the surface layer, the thickness of which is quite sufficient so that the base material does not significantly affect the weldability.

Thus, joining polymer technical fabrics by welding has a number of advantages over alternative methods such as sewing or gluing, including:

higher productivity;

absence of foreign elements and materials in the connection area;

identity of the physical and mechanical properties of the weld and the base material;

increase in the service life of the product;

aesthetic appearance;

water and gas tightness.

The device is manufactured as follows. From the first element, the solid front (back) part 2, the back (front) part 3, the fixing ties 4 and the neck 5 are made by cutting. Sleeves with or without fixing loops are cut from the other two one-piece elements. The sleeve pattern is heat welded from the underside to form an arcuate seam outward, and then both sleeves are welded to the solid front and back of the apron with the seam inward.

Most often, these short type aprons are used in food production. All employees of food industry and meat processing enterprises are required to use aprons for safety reasons. They are used to protect work clothes from moisture and pieces of raw materials. In addition, they are able to protect against minor mechanical damage. In particular, when worn over specialized chain mail aprons, they provide an additional degree of protection.

The apron is a shortened type, has a number of advantages for the food industry:

perfectly washes, which allows you to maintain a high level of hygiene in food production;

lightweight, durable and hypoallergenic, which makes it possible to feel comfortable when performing work;

has high wear resistance, as well as resistance to acids;

the size is adjustable with ties, which ensures a snug fit to the body.

The short apron protects the upper body from moisture and dirt. These aprons are ideal for use in the meat processing, fish and dairy food industries. And the presence of two sheets of material provides good protection against aggressive environments in the front and rear.

Claims (1)

A shortened apron with elements of a polyurethane base - a one-piece front, back part with a length not lower than the lower part of the person's waist, to which the sleeves are attached, and fixing ties to one of the parts, the sleeves have fixing elements for securing the sleeves on the palm or in the wrist area, the elements of the apron are connected by welded seams.

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