RU2050864C1 - Device for the evacuation from the many-storied buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire prevention. SUBSTANCE: effect is achieved by the fact that the device is stationary and is used on the downgrade by means of the container free fall and its retardation by "the air cushion". The container returns to the roof by compressed air. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of evacuation. 1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for evacuating people and valuables when an emergency occurs and descent in the usual way (elevator, stairs) is not possible, for example, in the event of a fire on the middle or lower floors, when the upper floors were cut off by fire.

A device for evacuation from high-rise buildings, which contains a metal tape with a device for attaching to it a load or person and an adjustable brake device [1]
The disadvantages of the described device should be considered:
the difficulty of adjusting the braking force, which is carried out by clamping rollers located on both sides of the tape,
the need for significant time to deploy a system that is always lacking,
constant braking force is not suitable for lowering different masses, and constant adjustment will require a lot of time,
the trigger device is open type and is accessible to atmospheric action (rain, snow), which will lead to a change in braking force,
it’s almost impossible to lower a sick person.

Known trigger device from multi-storey buildings, which contains a vertical pneumatic pipeline with a receiving station at the lower end, including an outlet window with a sealed lid and communicated with a controlled source of compressed air, and a container with an outlet opening located in the pneumatic pipeline, while the system is located on a movable transport the tool and is equipped with dampers that control the air flow and the bracket mounted on the roof of the building with a pulley and a cable thrown over it, one end of which connected to the winch of the vehicle and the other to the upper end of the flex [2]
The disadvantages of the known device should be considered:
the impossibility of installing the bracket on the roof if the lifting retractable means do not have a sufficient extension height, and the other path is cut off by fire,
deployment of the described device will take considerable time, but it is not always available to rescuers,
to seal the lower end of the flexible pipe on the ring, it is necessary to precisely cut it off if the total height corresponds to the loading point of people,
if the flame is knocked out from the lower floors, the flexible pipe will quickly burn out from the effects of the flame,
there will be difficulties in storing the vehicle with the entire system of descent from multi-story buildings.

 The aim of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the evacuation device from high-rise buildings is equipped with an upper pick-up and drop station, similar to the bottom, and the pipeline is equipped with a controlled latch to hold the container at the window of the upper station when loading and with a controlled spool installed under the lower station, the container includes support sealing belts, interconnected by a hollow pillar, communicating with the cavities of the pneumatic pipe above and below the container through the regulators installed at the outputs of the pillar emy throttle and controlled valve and disposed in a spring-loaded container platform associated with the thrust valve and the inlet opening of the container is formed as a lateral sliding curtain, with retraction to the spindle is mounted preferably in the middle of the pneumatic.

 In FIG. 1 shows one of the options for installing evacuation devices from multi-storey buildings on a building; figure 2 device; figure 3 is a section along the vertical axis of the container; in FIG. 4 section aa in figure 3; figure 5 is a qualitative graph of the speed of the container when it moves up and down with the load.

 The evacuation device 1 from multi-storey buildings on existing buildings is installed as shown in figure 1, and on newly designed either inside the building structure or outside behind the raised side.

 The evacuation device from high-rise buildings contains receiving and dispatching stations 2 and 3 (hereinafter stations). Station 2 is located on the roof, station 3 on the ground or in the basement, if the device is built into the building. Station 3 has a receiving chamber, at the entrance of which there is a branch 5 connecting the cavity of the vertical air line 6 through the spool 7 with the atmosphere. The spool 7 has a spring 8, a slider 9 and a hole 10, which in the lower position of the slider connects the outlet 5 to the atmosphere, and in the upper position of the slider 9, this hole is closed.

 On the end wall 11 of station 3 there is a branch 12, which connects the vertical pneumatic actuator 6 to a controlled source of compressed air 13 through a check valve 14. As a source of compressed air, a stationary or portable compressor, a cylinder block with a high-pressure reducer can be used. The latter option is more appropriate, because makes the system independent.

 After the source of compressed air there is a control line 15 of the spool 7. Station 2 can be performed similarly to station 3, i.e. may have a check valve 14 (I), which is connected to the atmosphere.

 The camera 16 has a controlled spring-loaded latch 17, a spring 18 with a support sleeve 19. Both cameras have windows with sealed covers 20 and 21, equipped with locks (not shown conditionally).

The container 22 has two supporting sealing belts 23 and 24, connected by a hollow column 25 to one central or three through 120 ^about .

 The hollow strut 25 forms a line with an adjustable throttle 26 and a controlled valve 27. The specified line connects the above- and sub-container space of the vertical air line 6 through the indicated elements, a throttle 26 and a controlled valve 27. At the bottom of the container there is a spring-loaded platform 28, which is connected by a rod 29 to the valve plug 27. Said valve plug 27 is capable of mating with seat 30.

 On the supporting-sealing belts 23 and 24 there are stops to protect the valve 27 and the adjustable throttle 26 from shock. Structurally, it is possible to combine valve 27 and throttle 26. The container has shutters 32 and 33 with latches 34.

 The device for evacuation from multi-storey buildings is as follows.

 In case of fire, residents go to the roof of the building, the operator opens the window cover 21, shifts the shutters 32 or 33, overcoming the holding force from the latches 34, and places the tenants with the load in the cavity of the container 22, closes the shutters 32 and 33 until they are held by the lock 34 and pulls the latch 17 The container begins to fall down, and the air is blown out through the outlet 5 and the valve, at the same time the air passes through the hollow rack 25, the valve 27, which opened under the influence of the weight of the platform 28, and the throttle 26. As soon as the container 22 passes the outlet 5 under it will create high pressure "airbag". Further, the descent speed will be determined only by the bore of the adjustable throttle 26. In any case, the container 22 will slow down. It should be borne in mind that the mass in the container will have little effect on the slowdown, because the larger the mass, the faster the discharge 5 will be greater, but then the compressed air resistance under the container will also be greater and the movement of the container 22 will slow down faster. After stopping the container 22 at the end wall 11, by opening the spring above it, open a window with a tight lid 20, the shutters 32 and 33 move and people go out. Next, the shutters 32 and 33 are closed, the window with the sealed cover 20 is closed and compressed air is supplied from the source 13 into the cavity of the vertical air line 6 under the container 22. The compressed air will move the slider 9 and block the message with the outlet atmosphere 5. After increasing the pressure in the control line 15, it starts move the container 22 until it is locked by the latch 17 in the upper position. The process is then repeated. The velocity plots in FIG. 5 fully show the entire process of changing container speeds as it moves up and down.

 The container can be used to lift lifeguards and fire extinguishing agents onto the roof to extinguish upper floors.

Thus, the evacuation device from multi-storey buildings allows to achieve all the goals and eliminate the existing disadvantages of existing similar devices, namely:
carry out descent of values and people at any number of storeys of the building;
save the upper floors from complete burnout;
to provide fast evacuation of people with autonomous power supply of the trigger system and the absence of power sources;
evacuation of both patients and children is possible with the greatest possible comfort for these conditions;
the speed of evacuation allows you to fully ensure the withdrawal of residents from a burning building and preserve material values.

Claims (2)

 1. EVACUATION DEVICE FROM MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS, comprising a vertical pneumatic pipeline with a receiving and starting station at the lower end, including an outlet window with a sealed cover and in communication with a controlled source of compressed air, and a container with an inlet located in the pneumatic pipeline, characterized in that it is equipped with an upper receiving and dispatching station, similar to the bottom, and the pipeline is equipped with a controlled latch to hold the container at the window of the upper station when it is loaded and tapped with a controlled spool, this is located above the lower station, and the container includes support-sealing belts interconnected by a hollow strut communicating with the pneumatic pipe cavities above and below the container through an adjustable throttle and a controlled valve installed on the outputs of the strut, and a spring-loaded platform placed in the container, connected by a rod to the valve and the entrance aperture of the container is made in the form of side sliding shutters.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tap with a spool is installed mainly in the middle part of the pneumatic pipe.

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