RU2050114C1 - Method for assessment of volumes of growing tree trunks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry. SUBSTANCE: method involves the use of model trees for calculation of a a new species number, graphical determination of height of the tangent point of a straight line drawn from the top to base tangentially to the shape-forming curve, and calculation of the tree diameter in this point. The growing tree trunk volume is calculated with the use of an equation containing a product of these indicators and the square diameter. EFFECT: simpler and more accurate method. 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to forest taxation and can be used to determine the volume of trunks of growing trees.

 There is a method of determining the volume of tree trunks by a complex formula of the mid section, including dividing the trunk into sections and summing their volumes.

 The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and inability to use when determining the volume of trunks of growing trees.

Closest to the invention is a method for determining the volume of trunks of growing trees through the use of species numbers (old, normal, true), including measuring the diameter and height of the trunk, followed by calculation of the volume by the formula:
V = g ˙h˙f (1), where V is the volume of the trunk;
g trunk cross-sectional area;
h tree height;
f species number of the trunk.

 For the old species number widely used in the calculation, the trunk sectional area is taken at the height of the chest.

It is also known that the species number expressing the fullness of the trunk is empirically related to the relative trunk diameters (shape factors, shape classes, run numbers) determining the position of the shape-generating curve. This relationship can be expressed by the formula:
f = k˙g (2), where k is the coefficient of proportionality of a species number with a relative diameter;
g is the relative diameter.

 By the value of the relative diameter, a species number can be found, improving in this way the method of determining the volume of tree trunks (Anuchin N.P. M. Lesnaya Taksatsiya, 1982, pp. 145-150).

 However, shape factors, shape classes, and runoff numbers, taken as indicators of the shape of the barrel, include trunk diameters at heights that can only coincide with the height of the characteristic points that determine the strict position of the shape curve (touch, bend, maximum, or minimum) . For this reason, shape factors, shape classes, and run numbers do not provide a strict characteristic of the shape of the trunk, do not provide a sufficiently complete correspondence between the shape and full-tree trunks, which determines the accuracy of determining the volume of trunks of growing trees.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy of determining the volume of trunks of growing trees and its simplification.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method comprising measuring the diameter and height and using a species number, according to the invention, the point of tangency of the straight line drawn from the top of the tree trunk to the shaping curve is first determined, then the diameter at the height of this point and the height of the trunk to it are measured, and the volume determined by the formula:
V = f _n ˙h _k ˙d _k ² , (3) where f _{n is a} new species number determined by model trees in the taxed category of stands;
h _{k the} height of the tree to the point of contact;
d _{k the} diameter of the barrel at the height of the point of contact.

Значение относительной высоты точки касания также является ординатой характерной точки, зависит от уравнения формообразующей кривой и является показателем формы ствола дерева (Шавнин А.Г. Лесное хозяйство, N 4, 1986, с. 53).Obtaining a new species number is illustrated by the circuit shown in FIG. 1, where the height of the touch point h _k is the ordinate of the characteristic point K. The ratio of the height of the touch point to the height of the barrel h is the relative height of the touch point h _o :
h _o =

The value of the relative height of the touch point is also the ordinate of the characteristic point, depends on the equation of the shape-generating curve and is an indicator of the shape of the tree trunk (Shavnin A.G. Forestry, N 4, 1986, p. 53).

·h·k·

0,785K·h_к·d $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{к}}$
(5)
Безразмерная часть формулы (0,785К) объединяется в комплексный показатель формы и полнодревесности ствола новое видовое число. После этого выражение (5) приобретает вид формулы (3).In relation to formula (2), which includes the dependence of the species number on the coefficient of proportionality and the shape index of the trunk, we take the relation
f = k˙h _o (4)
This ratio is substituted in the formula (I), which, therefore, takes the following form:
v

H

0.785K h _to d $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{to}}$
(5)
The dimensionless part of the formula (0.785K) is combined into a complex indicator of the shape and fullness of the trunk of a new species number. After this, expression (5) takes the form of formula (3).

 The new species number is the ratio of the volume of the barrel to the volume of the tetrahedral prism, the base of which is the square of the diameter of the barrel at the height of the touch point, and the height is equal to the distance of this point from the height of the neck of the stump.

 In FIG. 2 shows a device for measuring the height of the touch point and the diameter at the height of this point, general view; in FIG. 3 moment of fixation 1/5 of the height of the barrel; in FIG. 4 sighting at a point corresponding to the position of the lower latch of the device and a latch corresponding to the position of the height of the touch point; in FIG. 5 the moment of fixation of the forming curve and the point of touch to it, the determination of the relative values of height and diameter at the point of touch.

 The method is as follows.

First establish a new species number. To do this, in the taxed categories of stands, homogeneous by species, bonitet or type of forest, model trees (usually 3-5 pieces) are taken. The volume of the barrel is found by the complex formula of the middle section:
V = (γ ₁ + γ ₂ +. + Γ _n ) l + V _b (6), where γ ₁ , γ ₂ , γ _{n are} the trunk sections in the middle of the sections;
l section length;
V _{b is} the vertex volume (N.P. Anuchin. M. Forest taxation, 1982, p. 88).

(7)
Затем, определив по модельным деревьям новое видовое число для данной таксируемой категории древостоя, измеряют известным способом высоту точки касания прямой, проведенной из вершины ствола к формообразующей кривой, и диаметр ствола в этой точке, а по формуле (3) определяют объем ствола.The height of the touch point h _k and the diameter of the barrel at the height of this point d _k are set graphically. Equation (3) is solved in relation to a new species number:
f _n =

(7)
Then, having determined from the model trees a new species number for this taxed stand category, the height of the point of tangency of the straight line drawn from the top of the trunk to the shaping curve is measured in a known manner, and the trunk diameter at this point, and the volume of the trunk is determined by formula (3).

 The values of the height of the touch point and the diameter of the trunk at this point, determining the shape of the tree trunk, can be measured using the proposed device.

 The device consists of a panel of arbitrary sizes made of light material. For portability reasons, the panel dimensions are 10x12 cm.

 On the panel there is a protrusion 1 for sighting at the top of the tree, a protrusion 2 for establishing 1/5 of the height of the trunk, within which is the height of the point of contact and cutout 3, fixing the beginning of the scale of diameters. On the protrusion 2 there is an opening for the measuring cord 4, through which the absolute height of the fixed point is determined. The protrusion 2 is also used as a handle.

 In the longitudinal direction of the panel are cutouts 5, in each of which a ruler 6 is installed with a lock 7 and a handle at the end 8. Through the handles, the locks can move along the cutouts 5.

 The panel has scales of 9 relative values of the height of the point of touch and relative values of the diameters of the barrel at the point of touch 10. The number of divisions of these scales h and the distance between the divisions are the same.

 Oblique lines 11 are located at an angle to the trunk diameter scale, defining the position of the tangent lines drawn from the top of the tree trunk.

The height of the touch point and the diameter of the barrel at this point are set as follows:
from an arbitrary distance to the tree with the horizontal position of the device visually fix 1/5 of the height of the trunk, within which is the height of the point of contact (Fig. 3);
approaching the tree by 5-6 m, without changing the position of the device, they sight the edges of the panel on a segment of the trunk that is 1/5 of its height (Fig. 4);
combine the beginning of the scale of diameters 10 and the retainers 7 with the generatrix of the barrel and, by the position of the retainer closest to the nearest inclined line, set the height of the point of contact in relative units (Fig. 5). At the same time, using the scale 10, the number of relative units of diameter at the point of contact will be fixed;
without changing the position of the device, visually fix the height of the barrel corresponding to the position of the lower retainer (Fig. 4). They approach a tree and determine this height l by direct measurement.

 The absolute value of l, increased as many times as the number of divisions n on the scale of heights and the scale of diameters, will be respectively the values of the height of the point of contact and the diameter of the barrel at this point. With a significant value of l and the need to increase the scale of measuring the diameter, the distance to the tree decreases in inverse proportion to this increase.

To prove the achievement of the goal, two trial plots were laid, on which the following work was done:
for each sample, 12 model trees were taken uniformly in thickness;
for each sample area, three average model trees were selected from among the model trees, from which the average value of the old f _st and new f _n species numbers was found: f _st 0.420; 0.510; f 6.14; 6.17
For each sample in all model trees, trunk volumes were determined in three ways: by a complex mid-section formula (in sections); using the old species number; the proposed method.

The first method is accepted as true, the 2nd and 3rd were compared with the 1st. The sizes of the obtained systematic m and random errors are given in the table:
The data in the table indicate a higher accuracy in determining the volume of tree trunks using new species numbers compared to the prototype, for which the random error turned out to be 1.5-2.0 times greater. These differences are explained by the fact that when using new species numbers, the indicators d _k and h _k are located in the lower part of the trunk and are directly measurable, while using old species numbers, the heights of the trunks are determined by indirect measurements with less accuracy. The exception to the measurement of the height of the barrel simplifies the determination of its volume.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR DETERMINING VOLUMES OF STORKS OF GROWING TREES, including selection of model trees, measuring their height and diameter and using a species number, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of determination and reduce labor costs, first, the value of the new species number is determined from the model trees in a taxed forest stand, then measure the height of the trunk to the point of tangency of the straight line drawn from the top of the tree trunk to the shaping curve, and the diameter of the trunk at this point, and the volume V of the trunk is calculated by the formula
V = f _n · h _to · d $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{to}}$ ,
where f _{n the} new species number;
H _{to the} height of the trunk from the neck of the root to the point of tangency of the straight line with the shaping curve;
d _{to the} diameter of the barrel at the point of tangency of the straight and forming curve.

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