RU2049082C1 - Method for production of organic fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of organic fertilizers. SUBSTANCE: method for production of organic fertilizers includes preparation of base, formation of guard-vessel on base, placing substrate of organic and organo-mineral composition in it. Substrate is preliminarily compressed into blocks with channels and placed on base. Mounted inside hollow under bed is pipeline for periodic supply into hollow of activating agents. To produce humus in bed, introduced into blocks through channels are earthworms, red or process worms and their nominal activity is maintained by supplying activating agents. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The proposed solution relates to the production of organic fertilizers and can be used to produce the humic and protein constituents of substrates, using worms and beneficial microorganisms, when growing plants in greenhouses and subsidiary plots, in order to improve soil fertility. A known method for the production of organic fertilizers, which consists in preparing the base, forming a fence-tank on it, laying in it a compostable mixture and forcing microbiological processes into it.

 The main disadvantage of this method is the low intensity of humus production in the mixture for the active period.

 There is also a known method for the production of organic fertilizers, adopted as a prototype, which consists in preparing the base, forming a fence-container on it, laying a substrate of organic and organo-mineral composition in it, planting a worm population in the substrate and forcing their activity.

 The main disadvantages of this method is the low productivity of humus production on the basis and the low degree of control of the activating process during year-round production.

 The task was to develop a method of fertilizer production that would ensure greater productivity and a high degree of control of the activating process during year-round production.

 The essential thing in solving our task is that in the known method, which consists in preparing the base, forming a fence-container on it, laying in it a substrate of organic and organic-mineral composition, planting a worm population in the substrate and forcing their activity, the substrate is preliminarily they are pressed into the form of blocks with channels, lay out the blocks on the base with the formation of a ridge and an air cavity under it, into which activating agents are fed.

 The proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a cross section of the ridge for the implementation of the recommended method for the production of fertilizers and includes: the surface of the base 1; press blocks 2 of the substrate with channels 3; an air cavity 4 between the inner contour of the press blocks 2 and the base 1; pipeline 5 supply of activating agents into the cavity 4.

 The principle of application of the recommended method is as follows.

 On the surface of the base 1, pre-manufactured press blocks 2 are laid out, for example, by heat pressing (pressing-firing) of a substrate of the following composition: sapropel, sawdust and other additives, 300x300x500 mm in size with blind channels 3 inside them, so that the components of the press - blocks 2 of the substrate (their inner surface contour) and the base 1 form an air cavity 4.

 Inside the cavity 4, on the surface of the base 1, a pipe 5 is mounted (inserted), for example, a hose through which activating agents are periodically fed into the cavity 4: warm air, steam, oxygen, etc. in the required mode of heat-moisture, depending on external conditions. -gas saturation. To begin the process of producing humus fertilizer (directly on the ridge), red or technological worms are introduced into the blocks 2 through the channels and maintain humidity, temperature and gas mode inside the cavity 4 by supplying activating agents into it through the pipeline 5: steam, warm air, oxygen, etc. At the same time, activating agents saturate a larger volume of substrate in blocks faster, including through channels (with a larger saturation surface). Moreover, due to the wide range of operational control of the regime (when environmental conditions change), the active life of worms and microflora is ensured, and therefore humus production in large volumes of substrate during year-round production. In addition, due to the large volumes of substrate in the press blocks of 2 nominal sizes, the percentage of humus and biomass of worms per unit block increases. When sufficient humus conditions are achieved in the press block 2, the worms are destroyed directly in the ridge blocks, for example, by supplying hot steam to the cavity 4. In this case, the mass of worms is stored in the block, enriching them in an agrotechnical sense with the protein component (proteins, amino acids, etc.) of the worms. Air-conditioned press blocks 2 are removed from the ridge and are replaced in a similar manner by new ones, repeating the cycle of production of organic fertilizers in them year-round.

Thus, the claimed method provides:
an increase in the production of humus and protein component fertilizers per unit area, due to the intensification of the activity of worms and microflora in blocks with a large volume of substrate with a year-round production mode;
an increase in the percentage of humic acids per unit volume, due to the pressing of the substrate and the possibility of creating an optimal activating mode in the blocks at any time of the year;
an increase in the agrochemical productivity of the blocks due to the greater biomass of the worms (the content of their protein and other active components) in the press blocks;
reduction of material and labor costs in the development of fertilizers in blocks due to the reduction of unproductive losses of agents from under the ridge profile, the cost of re-laying, the formation of a presentation of blocks that do not require packaging;
the prolonged effect of the action of active humus and protein constituent blocks (per unit area) during neutralization, enrichment of soils due to their greater content in a single press block.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC FERTILIZERS, including preparing the base, forming a fence-tank on it, laying a substrate of organic and mineral-mineral composition in it, planting a worm population in the substrate and forcibly activating their activity, characterized in that the substrate is pre-pressed into the form of blocks with channels, spread blocks on the base with the formation of a ridge and an air cavity under it, into which activating agents are fed.

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