RU2045914C1 - Method for using cultivated pasture lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; cattle breeding. SUBSTANCE: method involves partitioning herbage portions in an enclosure. Before feeding, the herbage is mowed down into double windows, arranging them in perpendicular to the enclosure gate and curing. Portable fence is set in the mown space between a window and unmown part of the herbage. In addition, the herbage is enriched in mineral additives adding them directly to the mown mass. EFFECT: enhanced production output. 6 cl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and relates to a method of exploitation of cultural pastures.

 There is a method of using grass stand, in which the mass is mowed, crushed while loading into vehicles, transported and distributed into feeders (Andreev N.G. Meadow and field feed production. M. Kolos, 11975, p. 249).

 The disadvantages of this method are huge energy costs, since the mass must be mowed, crushed, loaded, unloaded, brought to the farm, and when harvesting grass, the mass moves across the field in the vehicle until it is completely filled; animals still need to be driven out for walks; poor feed eatability, since undesired biochemical decay processes occur before complete feeding of the mass; the need for strict adherence to the schedule for mowing the mass, its transportation and distribution, otherwise either the livestock are underfed or the food spoils; the technology is very dependent on weather conditions, in rainy weather it is difficult to remove feed without loss and damage to the soil cover, the quality of the feed decreases sharply.

 Closest to the proposed technical solution is the method of using cultural pastures, in which grass in the pens is planted at the root during the phase of the cereal exit into the tube, while the grazing is carried out portionwise, beating each portion of the grass by portable electric fence sequentially, starting from the corral gate, i.e. the fence is parallel to the gate. After cattle grazing, the uneaten remains of the grass stand mow. With this method, animals are driven to rest in a specially designated place (Andreev N.G. Tuldyukov V.A. Kobozev I.V. Lazarev N.N. Recommendations for the creation and use of highly productive hayfields and pastures in the Non-chernozem zone of the RSFSR. M. Publishing House in ICCA, 1991, p. 10).

 The disadvantages of this method are as follows: grass stand is poisoned at the time of the most intensive growth, which leads to a shortage of yield; there are a lot of uneaten residues, since the herbage is occupied by animals, especially a lot of residues when it is late with etching; the herbage, especially in the area closer to the gate of the corral, is trampled or under excessive load, as the portions of the grass stand off, starting from the gate, and the animals each time move over the area on which grass has already been etched; the need to drive the animals to rest in special places, otherwise the grass eatability drops sharply in the places of animal rookeries; the need to mow the grass stand; grass is mowed in a phase with a low content of dry matter, sugars, i.e. the feed is not saturated enough with energy, which makes it necessary to feed concentrated feeds, especially when keeping highly productive animals; the need for early grass grazing does not allow the rational use of high highly productive grasses (sowing alfalfa, meadow clover, seedless beetroot, meadow timothy grass, etc.), which quickly fall out during pasture use; when grazing, animals spend a rather significant amount of energy, in particular on moving around the pasture, choosing grass, etc. there may be a deficiency in the diet of certain minerals, in particular sodium chloride, zinc, boron, etc. which in this case are given in the form of mineral dressings in the feeders separately, which leads to their low efficiency; since the electric fence is installed in the grass stand and is located directly on the border of the un-etched site, because of which the animals, trying to tear off the grass from the latter, damage the electric fence.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of cultivated pastures by improving grass eatability, reducing trampling of plants, especially high-yielding top species, increasing the nutritional value of feed, as well as by transferring grass stand alienation to more optimal periods when intensive weight gain is completed.

 To achieve the goal, the method proposes the use of cultivated pastures, mowing grass in rolls in order to reduce the movement of animals along the pasture and to allow grass to wither in order to improve eatability and increase its nutritional value and energy saturation of the feed, the latter is especially important for highly productive animals; it is proposed to mow the grass in double rolls to increase their height and prevent them from being trampled by animals, the latter in this case bypass the swath along the swaths and are located on both sides of the roll, and to reduce the trampling of the mowed mass and prevent the animals from re-passing over the used area, the rolls are perpendicular corral gates, i.e. portions of grass stand for feeding are beaten along the corral. To reduce trampling of the grass stand near the portable fence and prevent damage to its animals, the latter is established after mowing the mass in the swath between the roller and the mowed part of the grass stand. At the same time, to increase the energy saturation of the feed and improve its eatability, the animals are fed mass after drying.

 In order to increase the energy saturation of the feed in order to preserve highly productive valuable horse grasses (legumes, beardless beetroot, etc.) and to increase the productivity of pastures, it is proposed to mow the mass at the end of its intensive growth (bean budding, heading, the beginning of cereal flowering).

 To improve the eatability and increase the nutritional value of the grass, it is proposed to enrich it with mineral substances that are lacking in the animal diet, for example, by spraying the grass stand with a solution of mineral salts or adding them to the mass when mowing.

 To reduce the loss of mineral dressing, it is proposed to bring it into the mowed mass.

 To improve the distribution of mineral feed in the feed and reduce its losses, it is proposed to dissolve the latter in water, and mix the solution with an adsorbent substance with adhesive properties (flour, animal feed, starch, etc.).

 To reduce the cost of technology, as well as to enrich the feed with microelements and to reduce the nitrate effect on the animal organism, use clay as an adsorbent substance.

 The method is illustrated by examples 1-6. The method was tested at the Zarya Podmoskovye GPP at the Domodedovo district of the Moscow Region on irrigated cultural pastures.

 PRI me R 1. A portion of the grass stand of cultural pastures (part of the corral area) in the phase of heading and sweeping cereals and budization of leguminous grasses are mowed in double rolls, ie to the dump. Mowing is carried out with the location of the rolls perpendicular to the gate. Then, in the passage between the roll and the mowed grass stand, a portable fence is installed. After the mass is dried up, the animals are driven into the mowed area and the mass is fed.

As a result of the verification of the method, the eatability of the mass was 81%. The average daily milk yield increased by 11.2% and amounted to 19.3 kg per 1 head with a milk fat content of 3.74%. The animals did not trample the grass, although they did not leave the pasture for rest. There was a complete absence of damage to the electric fence, since it was removed from the mowed grass stand. The pasture productivity was 94 kg / ha of dry matter. With the generally accepted technology for the use of pastures, feed intake was 70%, the yield was 82 kg / ha of dry matter, the average milk yield was 17.1 kg with a fat content of 3.67%
PRI me R 2. All operations were carried out as in example 1, but before mowing the grass was sprayed with saturated solution of sodium chloride in the calculation of 50 g of NaCl per head. Feed intake was 86%; daily milk yield per 1 head was 20.1 kg with a milk fat content of 3.75%
PRI me R 3. All operations were carried out as in example 1, but table salt was applied to the beveled rolls in bulk. Feed intake was 84%
PRI me R 4. All operations were carried out as in example 3, but table salt was introduced in dissolved form, flour was added to the solution. Eatability of feed was 85-86%; average milk yield was 20.6 kg with a milk fat content of 3.75%
PRI me R 5. All operations were carried out in the same way as in example 4, but table salt was used as a mineral dressing with the addition of precipitate enriched with microelements (boron, copper), feed eatability was 88% and the average milk yield was 20, 9 kg with a fat content of milk of 3.77%
PRI me R 6. All operations were carried out in the same manner as in example 4, but bentonite clay was added to the solution as an adhesive substance. Feed intake was 84%. The average daily milk yield was 21.2 kg with a milk fat content of 3.77%.
Thus, verification of the method showed its high efficiency: not only the productivity of cultivated pastures increases, but also the productivity of the animals kept on them increases, the quality of milk improves.

Claims (6)

 1. METHOD OF USE OF CULTURAL PASTURES, including fencing off portions of grass in the pen with a portable hedge, feeding the mass to the animals, mowing the uneaten remains of the grass, characterized in that before feeding the animals the grass is mowed in double rolls, placing them perpendicular to the perpendicular mowing the mass in the swath between the roll and the mowed part of the grass stand, while feeding the mass to the animals is carried out after it is wilted.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the mowing of the grass stand is carried out in the period of the end of the intensity of its growth in the phase of budding of legumes, earing and flowering of cereals.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that before feeding the grass is enriched with mineral additives.  4. The method according to PP. 1 and 3, characterized in that the mineral additive is added directly to the beveled mass.  5. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the mineral additives are dissolved in water before application, and the solution is mixed with an adsorbent substance having adhesive properties.  6. The method according to p. 5, characterized in that clay is used as an adsorbent substance.