RU2044505C1 - Cut tobacco accumulator-doser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: tobacco industry. SUBSTANCE: cut tobacco accumulator-doser has axially aligned inner and outer housings, which are positioned to define vertical chamber. Radial walls are mounted in chamber to divide it into sections. Accumulator-doser has bottom with discharge windows and screens and dosing drive cylinders. Inner and outer housings are made in the form of regular polyhedral prisms with plates pivotally attached to their vertical faces and radial walls Plates are connected with devices for adjusting their position. Each dosing cylinder is provided with positioning mechanism, which is kinematically connected with screen drive. Screen has two parts, with first part rigidly secured on bottom and second part mounted on bottom for displacement with respect to first part. EFFECT: increased efficiency by uniform and independent feeding of each group of cigarette-making machines with raw material and reduced loss of raw material. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the tobacco industry, in particular to technological equipment of tobacco factories, and can be used for accumulation, technological aging and dosed supply of cut tobacco to cigarette and cigarette lines.

 A device for storing and transporting ground tobacco (US patent N 4390029, R.J. 1984, N 3), which contains a tank, a unit for supplying tobacco to the tank and a unit for converting the bulk of the tobacco in the tank into a continuous moving stream. The conversion unit contains a mechanism that reports the movement of tobacco masses up and down, and a mechanism for pneumatically transporting tobacco mass to a specific machine. Pneumatic nozzles are fixed in the tank above the tobacco mass.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the inability to accumulate tobacco with a large layer of tobacco mass, since when the tobacco is continuously moving up and down, the tobacco mass is densified and caking.

 Continuous movement of the tobacco mass up and down causes the destruction of the tobacco fibers and its grinding.

 The need for the tank to communicate with the tobacco mass up-down movement requires a lot of energy.

 In the known device, the location of the pneumatic nozzles is such that when one of them is turned off, an increase in the level of tobacco underneath is caused, while under the included nozzles the level of tobacco decreases. The inability to maintain the same level of tobacco under the pneumatic nozzles reduces the uniformity of tobacco supply to cigarette or cigarette machines.

 A device is also known for supplying tobacco to several cigarette making machines (French Application No. 2519517, R.J. 1983, No. 12), consisting of a rotating table and concentrically arranged pneumatic intakes. Tobacco mass is loaded onto a rotating table with a special device and dosed and delivered to cigarette machines using air intakes.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the impossibility of accumulation of tobacco, and therefore, its bedding, which reduces the uniform distribution of moisture throughout the volume of the tobacco mass.

 The absence of a mechanical dispenser in the known device reduces the uniformity of cigarette machine tobacco supply, since it is impossible to provide the same and constant suction force in pneumatic nozzles.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the inability to supply the tobacco mass of shredded tobacco in equal amounts to each pneumatic nozzle, which reduces the uniformity of supply of tobacco to cigarette machines.

 Also known is a feeder-doser of a tobacco cutting machine with an annular mouthpiece (ed. St. USSR N 1113081, B.I. 1984, N 34), containing coaxially located stationary cylindrical outer and inner bodies and a bottom mounted for rotation. At the bottom, discharge windows are symmetrically located with metering drums with sprockets mounted on them on horizontal shafts. On the outer casing of the feeder, a chain is fixed around the circle, interacting with the drum sprockets when moving the bottom.

 A disadvantage of the known design is the lack of a device for adjusting the pressure of the tobacco mass on the bottom, and therefore, the density of the cut tobacco in front of the metering drums, which reduces the uniformity of supply of tobacco to cigarette machines.

 Fixed relative to the bottom of the installation of the metering drums in the known device eliminates the possibility of independent power from each discharge window. This installation of the metering drums does not allow for the adjustment of the dosage of tobacco.

 Also known is a manual tobacco batcher (ed. St. USSR N 1736395, B.I. 1992, N 20), comprising a housing equipped with coaxially arranged vertical cylinders mounted for rotation and rigidly interconnected vertical partitions separating the cavity of the housing on sector cameras, on the inner surfaces of which there are seals, fixed with slopes in the direction of the bottom. There is a device for moving the case up and down.

 The disadvantage of this device is that in the case of a large height of the doser-feeder, with a significant hydraulic radius and high humidity of the tobacco mass, as well as in the case of a low near-wall coefficient of friction, the tobacco mass easily falls to a fixed bottom, creating a high density of tobacco at its surface. This leads to the formation of gluings of tobacco fibers, complicates the work of the metering drums, increases energy consumption, sharply reduces the uniformity of dosing.

 In addition, when tobacco fibers are removed by metering drums from a dense tobacco mass, tobacco fibers are destroyed and dust is generated, which increases the loss of valuable raw materials.

 A disadvantage of the known device is also that when the dispensing drum is moved outside the discharge window, below the grate (in case of termination of the tobacco request from the side of the cigarette machine), there are free passages for the tobacco fibers through the grooves of the grate. Tobacco fibers, under the influence of gravity, fall into these passages, violating the independence of the nutrition of the cigarette machine.

 Known drive doser of cut tobacco (ed. St. USSR N 1558380, class A 24 B 3/00, published 1990), which is selected as a prototype. The known device comprises a housing formed by coaxially arranged cylinders and a bottom with discharge windows and metering drive drums. The cylinders of the casing are interconnected by vertical radial partitions and mounted for rotation, the bottom of the casing is fixed, and the unloading windows are displaced relative to the axis of symmetry of the bottom and are equipped with combs curved in the form of drums with grooves located across the windows. The metering drums are mounted vertically for flow control.

 A disadvantage of the known design is the lack of devices to control the pressure of the mass of tobacco on a fixed bottom. It is known that with a certain ratio of the height of the container to the diameter, with a certain moisture content of the tobacco and its different coefficient of friction, the tobacco mass can either depend on the walls of the container, forming arches, or descend completely to the bottom of the container, creating a high density of tobacco near the bottom surface. Both the first and second phenomena do not allow to achieve fully uniform dosage of tobacco.

 The disadvantage of the prototype is that when the dispensing drum outside the discharge window, below the grate, free channels are formed for the passage of tobacco fibers through the grooves of the grate. Tobacco accumulates in the receiving device, preventing the dosing drum from returning to its working position; needles may break and the output devices may become clogged with tobacco fibers. All these shortcomings reduce the reliability of the metering drum in operation and the device as a whole, and the uniformity of dosage of cut tobacco.

 Thus, the disadvantages of the known device do not provide increased uniformity of dosing of cut tobacco and the independence of the nutrition of groups of cigarette machines, and also lead to loss of raw materials.

 The aim of the invention is the uniform and independent nutrition of each of the groups of cigarette machines and reduce the loss of raw materials.

 To do this, in the proposed device, containing coaxially placed inner and outer shells with the formation of a vertical chamber, divided into sections by radial partitions, and the bottom with discharge windows and grilles, and metering drive drums, the inner and outer shells are made in the form of polyhedral prisms of the correct form, on the vertical faces of which and on the partitions are articulated plates that are connected with mechanisms for adjusting their position, and each of the metering drive drums is equipped with a IOM displacement drum kinematically associated with the drive of the lattice consisting of two parts, one of which is rigidly fixed to the bottom, while the other part is movable relative to the first part of the grate.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed drive-doser of cut tobacco, a longitudinal section (section aa in figure 2); figure 2 view along arrow B in figure 1; figure 3 section BB in figure 2.

 The metering drive comprises a bed 1, a fixed bottom 2 with unloading windows 3, a drive 4, an outer case 5, an inner case 6, plates 7, walls of the outer case 8 and 9, a mechanism for adjusting the position of the plates 10, screw 11, nut 12, rod 13 , the upper support 14, the lower support 15, the drive mechanism for adjusting the position of the plate 16, the support rollers 17, the fixed grilles 18, the movable grilles 19, the metering drums 20 with needles 21, the frame of the metering drum 22, the cams 23 and 24, the racks of the movable grill 25 and 26, guides of the movable grill 27, the receiving device 28, to matic distributor 29 and vertical partition 30.

 The metering drive operates as follows.

 Shredded tobacco is fed to a rotating conical distributor 29 and is evenly distributed in sections of the dispenser drive between the outer 5 and inner 6 bodies.

 To control the level of chopped tobacco in the drive-doser there are sensors of upper and lower levels of tobacco. The outer 5 and inner 6 buildings are interconnected by radial partitions 30 and form a rigid structure, which is supported by rollers 17 on a fixed bottom 2 mounted on the frame 1.

 In the process of operation of the metering accumulator, the mass of cut tobacco located inside the sections moves along the bottom 2 under the action of the rotating partitions 30 and the casings 5 and 6 from the drive 4. The uniform layer of tobacco is removed with needles 21 fixed on the metering drums 20 and carried out through the windows 3, made in day 2, into the receiving devices 28. To prevent spontaneous unloading of the cut tobacco into the receiving devices, each of the windows has a grating consisting of two parts of the fixed 18 and the moving 19. When the drums 20 are working, the longitudinal grooves of these astey gratings aligned drums and needle pass freely through them, are introduced into the tobacco mass and render them through the shredded tobacco portion. Each metering drum 20 has an individual drive, which serves to ensure the rotation of the drum, as well as to move it relative to the parts 18 and 19 of the grids in a vertical plane. These drives are associated with sensors for the presence of tobacco in distributors of cigarette or cigarette machines. When the distributor of the cigarette machine is filled, its sensor turns off the drive of the drum 20 and the last one stops, then the drum 20 is released and the needles 21 are withdrawn outside the grids 18 and 19. When the drum 20 is lowered, the cams 23 and 24 interact on the dosing drum frame 22, with the rollers of the struts 25 and 26 of the lower movable lattice 19, which moves in the guides 27. Thus, the lower lattice 19 is displaced relative to the lattice 18 by one step (one groove) and the discharge window 3 is completely closed.

 To maintain the pressure of the column of tobacco mass on the bottom, there are plates 7, which are pivotally mounted on the inner wall 9 of the outer casing 5. To reduce the pressure on the bottom, the plate 7 is pushed into the section and vice versa. The movement of the plate 7 is carried out using the mechanism for adjusting their position 10 and the actuator 16, mounted on supports 14 and 15 mounted on the outer wall 8 of the housing 5. When the screw 11 is rotated, the nut 12 is moved and by means of a rod 13 pivotally connected to the nut 12 and the plate 7, the latter changes its position relative to the walls of the section. Moreover, part of the weight of tobacco is perceived not by the bottom 2, but by the bed 1 through the plate 7, the housing 5 and the rollers 17.

 The achievement of the technical result, namely, uniform and independent nutrition of each of the groups of cigarette machines and reduction of losses of raw materials, is provided, according to the authors, the proposed distinguishing features and is explained by the following.

 The uniformity of the sliced tobacco pile by the metering drums mainly depends on the density of the tobacco mass, from which individual portions of tobacco are released by the needles of the rotating drum. Moreover, for each moisture cut tobacco there is an optimal value of its density, characterizing the best uniformity of pile. With a decrease or increase in the density of the tobacco mass, the irregularity of the supply of tobacco to the receiving device increases, that is, the performance of the metering drums changes. Moreover, with a decrease in the density of cut tobacco, the productivity of the metering drums decreases, and with an increase in density it increases. One of the important characteristics of metering drives is their capacity or capacity. Industrial designs of metering drives have a capacity of 1.5-4 tons. With an increase in capacity, its height also increases and, as a result, the pressure of the tobacco column at the bottom of the feeder increases, i.e. a layer of tobacco that runs onto the rotating needles of the metering drum. In other words, the density of the tobacco mass interacting with the metering drums depends on the column of tobacco mass located in the dispenser, as well as its moisture content, fractional composition and coefficient of friction against the vertical walls of the accumulator. Part of the weight of the tobacco, which exerts pressure on the bottom of the feeder, is perceived by the side walls of each of the sections due to its friction on the inner surfaces of these walls.

 Based on the foregoing, there is a need to regulate and maintain the optimum pressure of the tobacco mass at the bottom of the feeder-dispenser. For this purpose, in the present invention are plates 7, pivotally mounted on the flat walls of each section of the feeder. Each of the plates has an individual drive, with which you can change the position of the plate, its angle of inclination, i.e. the degree of overlap of the cross section of the section. At the same time, part of the weight of the column of tobacco mass will be transferred to this plate, and through it to the walls of the feeder and to its bed, which reduces the pressure on the lower layers of tobacco and allows to achieve optimal tobacco densities in the pile area. Moreover, the design of the plates allows you to adjust the density during the operation of the metering drums, taking into account the changing height of the tobacco column, as well as taking into account changes in the physicomechanical properties of the tobacco mass re-entering the feeder.

 The presence of adjustable plates 7 in the proposed design can also reduce tobacco loss. When combing cut tobacco from a mass having a high density, the needles of the metering drums act on tobacco with great effort, which leads to mechanical damage to individual fibers, grinding of raw materials, increased dust formation.

 Each of the dispensing feeders serves to power a group of autonomously working cigarette machines. The cut tobacco receiver of the cigarette distributor machine has tobacco level sensors that are electrically connected to the drive control of the respective metering drum. When the dosing drum is turned off, it is removed from the zone of interaction of their needles with tobacco by means of its drive. However, into the remaining open channels in the grate, the tobacco moving along the bottom of the feeder will be squeezed down to the receiver 28 under the pressure of the column of tobacco mass. In the proposed design, the grate is made of two parts, one of which is movable and kinematically connected to the lowering-raising drive of the metering drum. Thus, when lowering the drum down, there is a guaranteed overlap of the summary channels in the fixed part of the grate by shifting the moving part of the grating by one step. And when the metering drum is turned on when it is raised, the reverse guaranteed shift of the movable part of the grate occurs. Thus, the density of the layer of tobacco located above the grate and moving relative to it is not violated, which also creates the conditions for achieving a uniform fleece. In addition, the use of a composite lattice kinematically associated with a metering drum drive can significantly reduce tobacco losses by reducing its grinding during spontaneous jamming in open lattice grooves.

 Thus, the proposed distinguishing features, according to the authors, allow to achieve the indicated technical results in the proposed design of the feeder-dispenser.

Claims (1)

 DRIVED-TOBACCO DOSER DRIVER containing coaxially placed inner and outer casings with the formation of a vertical chamber divided into sections by radial partitions and a bottom with discharge windows and grilles and metering drive drums, characterized in that the inner and outer casings are made in the form of multifaceted prisms with regular forms, on the vertical faces of which and on the partitions, plates are pivotally fixed, which are connected with mechanisms for adjusting their position, and each of the metering drive bars ANTONOV provided with a mechanism for moving the drum kinematically associated with the drive of the lattice consisting of two parts, one of which is rigidly fixed to the bottom, while the other part is mounted on the bottom movable relative to the first part.

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