RU2044455C1 - Method for determining weight of tree trunk - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: silviculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves sawing out and weighing a piece of tree trunk of a certain height, proportional to the height of the tree proper and calculating the weight of the entire trunk by a certain formula. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to forestry, in particular to forest biogeocenology and forest taxation, and can be used to determine the mass of a tree trunk.

 There is a complex method for determining the mass of a tree trunk, which consists in calculating the volume of the trunk and then calculating its mass through the conditional density taking into account humidity (1).

 Known methods are complex and very laborious. Numerous measurements and calculations are accompanied by a large number of hard to detect systematic and random errors, which ultimately comes down to obtaining incorrect results. When determining the mass of the trunk, it is necessary to take samples for density and humidity throughout the trunk, from the base to the top, in order to take into account the variation in density and humidity in diameter and height of the tree. All this leads to a large expenditure of labor and time.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce the total cost of labor and time, reducing the complexity of the work and improving the accuracy of the assessment.

 This goal is achieved by taking a trunk segment with a length of 0.1 trunk length, the relative mass of which (its percentage of the total trunk mass) is highly stable, i.e., it is a constant value that is practically independent of the age and differentiation of trees in the forest stand, in connection with which it is used as a quantitative attribute, for the subsequent determination of the total mass of the trunk.

 The invention is based on a functional relationship between the mass of the barrel and the mass of its relative segments, a length equal to 0.1 of the length of the barrel. This connection is confirmed in special experiments with coaxial vulgaris.

 PRI me R 1. The determination of the degree of tightness of the connection of the mass of the barrel with the mass of its relative segments. On the test plot, laid in a 20-year-old pine, model trees were taken from the thickness steps, from which, after cutting the branches, the trunks were divided, from the base to the top, into 10 equal parts. Each segment corresponding to 0.1 trunk length was weighed separately. Taking samples for moisture allowed us to determine the absolutely dry mass of the segments and all trunks. The calculated pair correlation coefficients and their errors between these indicators show that the degree of communication tightness is very high, approaching unity, i.e., functional. Reliability of the connections is confirmed by a small error of the coefficients and high reliability criteria (Table 1).

 PRI me R 2. Determination of the relative values of the masses of the segments of the barrel and their statistical parameters. The values of the mass of the segments of the barrel, expressed as a percentage (share,) of the mass of the entire barrel, were subjected to statistical processing. It was found that the functional relationship between the mass of the trunk and the mass of the relative segments (0.1 H) is confirmed, in addition to the above parameters, by the high stability of the relative values (%) of the masses of the selected segments of the barrel (Table 2), which also have a low degree of variation and high accuracy determination that allows you to use them as quantitative characteristics.

 PRI me R 3. Determination of the relative values of the masses of the segments of the trunk in the stands of different ages. Trial plots were laid in 20, 40, 70 and 90-year-old pines, on which model trees were taken by thickness steps: in 20-year-old 14, in 40-year-old 12, in 70-year-old 9 and in 90-year-old 9 trees. Their further processing and statistical analysis of the obtained data showed that the values of the relative mass values of the trunk segments, expressed as a percentage, regardless of age, are stable. The existing differences are not significant (table. 3).

 PRI me R 4. Verification of the accuracy of determining the mass of the trunk of pine trees. An analysis of the data shows that the accuracy of estimating the mass of the tree trunk by the proposed method fully meets the requirements. Moreover, you can use the relative mass values of any of the 10 segments (table. 4). However, based on the desirability of reducing the complexity of the work and obtaining data with sufficient accuracy, it is not recommended to use butt (first) and vertex (tenth) sections of the trunk. The most accurate results of the proposed method are obtained using the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh segments, i.e., middle segments.

 The known method includes the following work. 1. Felling a tree at the base (neck of the root) of the trunk. 2. Measure the length of the tree. 3. Marking and bucking of the trunk on the nth number of segments. 4. Chopping branches. 5. Measurement of the diameters of the trunk sections. 6. Sampling for density and moisture. 7. The calculation of the volume of the barrel by the formulas. 8. Calculation of the mass of the barrel using the obtained coefficients of density and humidity.

 According to the proposed method, the list of operations is as follows. 1. Felling a tree leaving a stump of any size. 2. Measure the length of the trunk. 3. Marking and sawing of the selected segment, a length of 0.1 of the trunk, 4. Partial cutting of branches (if any) on the selected segment of the trunk. 5. Weighing the selected segment, followed by the calculation of the total mass of the barrel.

 The method is as follows.

· 100% где P_ст. масса ствола (г, кг, ц, т) в сыром или абсолютно сухом состоянии;
P_n масса взятого 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 и т. д. отрезка ствола (г, кг, ц, т) в сыром или абсолютно сухом состоянии;
P_n', предлагаемая средняя относительная величина массы взятого n-го отрезка, выраженная в процентах от общей массы ствола и являющаяся для выбранного отрезка величиной постоянной.The investigated tree is cut down, leaving a stump, at a height convenient for the feller. Then measure the length of the trunk, from its base at the neck of the root to the top, taking into account the height of the stump. Next, markup is made, with the selection of the required length, 0.1 length of the trunk. The numbering of the segments in all cases starts from the base of the trunk, 0.1 first, 0.2 second, etc.) to the top. On the cut-off segment, branches are cut off (if any) and weighed. If necessary, one sample is taken from it for humidity, for subsequent recalculation of its mass to an absolutely dry state. Knowing the weight of the weighted segment and its theoretical average relative value, which are fourth at 12.6, fifth at 10.7, sixth at 8.8 and seventh at 6.7, etc. (see table 3) and are constant, the mass of the entire barrel is determined by the proposed formula:
P _Art =

· 100% where P _Art. barrel weight (g, kg, ts, t) in a wet or absolutely dry state;
P _{n is the} mass of taken 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc., a section of the trunk (g, kg, t, t) in a wet or absolutely dry state;
P _n ', the proposed average relative mass of the taken n-th segment, expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the barrel and is constant for the selected segment.

· 100%

пятого P_ст.=

шестого P_ст.=

и седьмого P_ст.=

Предлагаемый способ отличается от известного резким сокращением трудоемких операций и введением новых выпиливанием заданного отрезка, размером 0,1 протяженности ствола, взвешиванием его и последующим определением массы всего ствола по предлагаемой формуле.When taking the fourth, starting from the base, trunk, segment, the formula will take the following form:
P _Art =

· 100%

fifth P _Art. =

sixth P _Art. =

and the seventh P _Art. =

The proposed method differs from the known one by a sharp reduction in labor-intensive operations and the introduction of new ones by sawing a given length, size 0.1 of the length of the barrel, weighing it and then determining the mass of the entire barrel by the proposed formula.

 Using the proposed method in comparison with the existing ones simplifies and accelerates the estimation of the mass of the tree trunk, while increasing its accuracy, and also facilitates the felling of the tree, allowing the stump to be left at any height; eliminates the effect of varying the density and humidity of the barrel in height on the accuracy of determination.

 The method was tested on the example of ordinary pine, but, based on the general biological laws of trunk formation in trees, it can be used to determine the mass of trunks in all other tree species, with a monopodial and sympodial type of stalk growth. A slight difference in relative values is possible only in the butt and apical parts, due to the different shape (retention) of the trunk and the variety of crown shapes in trees.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TREE BODY WEIGHT, including felling and analysis of a model or accounting tree by dividing its trunk into segments with subsequent determination of their mass, characterized in that one section of the trunk is cut and weighed with a length of 0.1 of its height and then mass P _{with t of the} entire trunk is determined by the formula

where P _{n the} mass of the taken segment of the table;
P $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{′}}{\text{n}}$ the average constant mass value of the taken n-th segment,
n segment number.

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