RU2042368C1 - Method for eliminating toxic substance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical weapons elimination. SUBSTANCE: method involves opening chemical warfare ammunition fillable unit, pouring water into the ammunition in the amount of 3-7 from the toxic substance volume, hermetically sealing and keeping for 80-100 days. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness in destroying ammunition containing toxic substances of the kind of VX. 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the destruction of chemical weapons, in particular to the destruction of a toxic substance (S) type V _x directly in ammunition.

A known method of destruction of combat agents by their thermal decomposition, which consists in the fact that after opening the shell of the ammunition with a cutting tool, it is placed in a wire basket, which is immersed in a fluidized bed of aluminum particles. Thermal decomposition of warfare agents is carried out in one or several chambers with successively connected fluidized beds with indirect heating [1]
Closest to the proposed method is the destruction of the toxic substance V _x , including the opening of ammunition, evacuation of OM and subsequent detoxification of V _x [2] Detoxification of V _{x is} carried out by interaction with ethylene glycol in the presence of phosphoric acid at elevated temperatures. The resulting reaction mass is then incinerated, or cured for burial, or sent to recover useful components.

 This method has the following disadvantages: the presence of an extremely dangerous stage of evacuation from ammunition to the detoxification stage; the need for transportation of ammunition.

 The technical result of the invention is to simplify, reduce the risk and reduce the cost of the destruction process.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of destruction of organic matter V _x , including depressurization of ammunition, detoxification of V _x , processing of the resulting reaction mass, depressurization is carried out by opening the ammunition loading unit, and detoxification of V _{x is} carried out by dosing 3–7% of the volume of water into the ammunition OM, sealing and aging for 80-100 days.

It should be noted that OM of type V _x according to the classification (Frake Z. Chemistry of toxic substances. M. Chemistry, 1973, v. 1, p. 57) belong to the class of extremely toxic substances. The criterion for assessing the degree of hazard of substances according to this classification is the toxicological characteristic of the LD _50- year-old dose of a substance that causes the death of 50% of animals when administered intragastrically. For OM of type V _x LD ₅₀ (mouse) is 0.07 kg / kg (Aleksandrov, Emelyanov V. I. Poisoning substances. M. Voenizdat, 1990, p. 100).

Processing agents such as V _x directly in the munition allows to destroy the product V _x, the total toxicological characteristic which LD _50> 50 kg / kg, which can be attributed to their class moderately toxic substances.

 The application of the method leads to the formation of ammunition less toxic reaction mass. This allows you to safely transport ammunition, to evacuate the reaction mass from them for its final processing.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed method has the following advantages:
the exclusion of the dangerous stage of the evacuation of explosives from ammunition;
detoxification directly at chemical weapons storage bases;
a sharp reduction in the cost of raw materials and energy;
enhancing the environmental safety of the chemical weapons destruction process;
simplification of the process of destruction of chemical weapons.

 The proposed method is illustrated in the table of experiments.

Vx type Vx decontamination experiments were performed in 11 cm ³ metal tubes. 10 ml of Vx type _Vx and a calculated amount of water were added to the tubes. The tubes were sealed and kept at room temperature. After a certain period of time, one of the tubes was opened and the LD _{50 of the} reaction mixture was determined. Neutralization was considered achieved if the LD ₅₀ for mice with intragastric administration of the reaction mass exceeded 50 mg / kg. It should be noted that in all experiments there was no heat and gas evolution.

As follows from the above table, the necessary degree of neutralization of OM type V _{x is} achieved in all experiments, where the volumetric water content in OM is ≥ 3% and the exposure time is ≥ 80 days.

 In those experiments where these parameters are lower than indicated (experiments 4 and 6), an insufficient degree of neutralization is noted. An increase in water content> 75 and exposure time> 100 days does not improve the evaluation criterion.

From the presented data it follows, that the method of neutralization agents such as V _x directly in the munition, using water as the reagent allows to obtain homogenous, the reaction mass is movable in respect of the class of moderately toxic substances suitable for subsequent processing in the prescribed manner.

 Using the proposed method will significantly simplify, secure and reduce the cost of the destruction of chemical weapons, which today is an urgent problem of international importance.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR DESTROYING A POISONING SUBSTANCE, including depressurization of ammunition, detoxification of V _x , reprocessing of the obtained reaction mass, characterized in that depressurization is carried out by opening the ammunition loading unit, and detoxification of V _{x is} carried out by dosing into the ammunition of 3 to 7% of the volume of water from the volume of sealing and aging for 80-100 days.

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