RU2041898C1 - Red food color production line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for food industry. SUBSTANCE: red food color production line has successively joined mincer, mixing homogenizer with liquid supply means, sterilizer, bioreactor, filtering plant, concentration apparatus and vessel for preparation of seed material connected with bioreactor. Line allows production of high-quality color from any types of plant anthocyan-containing raw material and wastes of juice production and wine making, that extends its technological capabilities. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 125 cl, 59 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to equipment for the food industry and can be used for the production of red food coloring from any kind of edible plant material.

 A known line for the production of red food coloring, including series-connected chopper, sterilizer, bioreactor, filtering unit and apparatus for concentration, as well as a container for preparing seed.

 The disadvantage of this line is the large amount of waste associated with the use in it of a machine for separating juice from pomace with processing only juice, which leads to the loss of coloring matter with pomace and reduces productivity.

 The proposed line for the production of red food coloring, including a series-connected chopper, sterilizer, bioreactor, filtering unit and concentrating apparatus, as well as a seed preparation tank connected to the bioreactor, according to the invention is equipped with a homogenizer-mixer installed between the grinder and the sterilizer connected with fluid supply.

 This line allows you to get a homogeneous mass, diluted to the required dry solids content, which allows fermentation of any type of raw material, even juice and wine production wastes, which increases productivity by reducing the loss of coloring substances.

 For processing fresh raw materials, the line can be equipped with a washing machine installed in front of the grinder.

 For processing berry raw materials such as elderberries, aronia, grapes, the line can be equipped with a machine for separating the ridges installed between the washer and the chopper.

 When using berry raw materials with the main content of dyes in the skin, which gives the cellular content hard, for example grapes, plums, and also to facilitate the fermentation of raw materials with a high content of glycosides, which, when defrosted, freeze into oligosaccharides and aglycons that are more easily absorbed by microorganisms, such as, for example , lingonberries, viburnum, elderberries, the line can be equipped with a freezer and defrosting devices installed in series in front of the chopper. The simplest is the execution of the freezer with means for supplying liquefied gas and means for abrupt pressure relief.

 When used for the production of dye beets, the line can be equipped with a machine for trimming tops and tails and a machine for peeling, installed in series behind the washer.

 When using red cabbage to obtain dye, the line can be equipped with machines for removing cover leaves from heads of cabbage and for removing pokers installed in front of and behind the washer, respectively.

 When using raw materials with a high content of substances in the juice, it is advisable to use a line equipped with a machine for separating juice from squeezes and two parallel chains converging behind filtering units, which at the same time allows the use of different cultures of microorganisms for fermentation of juice and squeezes, depending on the concentration and chemical composition of the juice and squeeze, which extends the technological capabilities of the line and allows to increase the quantitative yield of the dye.

 When used for obtaining dye of stone fruits, for example, cherries, plums, cherries, cornel, the line can be equipped with machines for separating the stalks and for separating the seeds set in series in front of the chopper.

 When using whole perishable raw materials or raw materials after storage, the line can be equipped with an inspection conveyor installed behind the washer.

 When used in a heat sterilizer line, it can be equipped with a cooler installed behind it.

 For the production of a dye suitable for long-term storage, the line can be equipped with an agglomeration apparatus installed behind the concentration apparatus and connected to it by the liquid phase, which at the same time allows expanding the range by obtaining granular dye.

 The line can be equipped with an electric plasmolizer installed behind the grinder in front of the homogenizer-mixer. This allows you to increase the intensity of destruction of the cellular structures of the processed raw materials, than to facilitate the separation of the dye during fermentation in the bioreactor, reducing its time.

 In addition, the line can be equipped with a magnetic processing machine installed directly behind the grinder, which makes it possible to facilitate the homogenization of raw materials due to the weakening and destruction of the cellular structures of the raw materials when natural enzymes are activated in it.

 In a preferred embodiment, the chopper, homogenizer-mixer and sterilizer can be made in the form of a housing with a loading hopper and a channel for supplying liquid, inside of which a drive hollow main screw, a cutting mechanism, a separator with a waste drain tray, a drive additional screw with an axial channel are successively installed installed in the cavity of the main screw and an ultrasound source with a vibration concentrator installed in the axial channel of the additional screw, the drive of the main and additional the screws are made asynchronous, the fluid supply channel is located in the housing behind the separator, the housing is made with a nozzle hole located behind the output end of the additional screw, and the ultrasound source oscillation concentrator is protruding from the axial channel of the additional screw and is installed with a free end in the nozzle output hole of the housing with the formation relative to its inner surface of the annular gap. This allows you to combine several technological positions of the line in one machine, which simplifies the design of the line by reducing the number of pieces of equipment and transmission mechanisms between them. In this case, it is possible to carry out the main screw with breaks in the screw thread and install elements of the cutting mechanism in these breaks. This embodiment allows to reduce the length of the chopper-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer by reducing pressure losses in the elements of the cutting mechanism.

 It is desirable that the cutting mechanism be implemented in the form of core knives with cutting edges mounted in the housing perpendicular to the axis of the main screw of the knife, which can be mounted at least in pairs in each plane perpendicular to the axis of the main screw at the point of rupture of its helical thread, preferably with a constant step along the coaxial arc the main auger of the circle with the possibility of axial and / or circumferential movement and fixing, or in the form of drive shafts with a cross-section profile in the form of a regular convex polygon flax with a diameter of the circumscribed circle equal to the depth of the screw thread of the main screw mounted crosswise with the main screw with a clearance gap relative to its body and body, moreover, the shafts can be installed in each perpendicular axis of the main screw of the plane at the place of cutting rupture, at least in pairs and kinematically connected to a common drive. This arrangement and implementation of the elements of the cutting mechanism allows, depending on the type of plant material, to control the fineness and quality of grinding, pressure angle and cutting angle, pressure on the separator and other technological parameters.

 It is possible to carry out the drive of the main and / or additional screw of the chopper-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer in the form of a circular oscillation drive, when the screw cutting ridges of the screw connected to the circular oscillation drive are made with a rectangular trapezoid profile with a large base facing the screw body , the larger side to the loading hopper, and the side surface of the turns of the thread facing the outlet is made with a roughness less than that of the inner surface of the housing, and with Orons facing the loading hopper, with a roughness greater than that of the inner surface of the housing. This allows you to apply alternating pressure to the crushed and / or mixed raw materials, which helps to improve the separation of juice from squeezers, which facilitates the homogenization of raw materials with additives and reduces the time of the fermentation stage due to more complete destruction of the cellular structures of the processed raw materials.

 The separator of the grinder-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer can be made in the form of a hollow torpedo with perforated and smooth parts, fixed coaxially on the main screw, coaxial bushings with a screw groove, on the inner surface fixed in the housing with the formation of a clearance relative to the perforated part of the torpedo and a locking cone mounted in the housing with the possibility of axial movement of a relatively smooth part of the torpedo, and the last turn of the groove of the sleeve is in communication with the tray for waste disposal. This design of the separator allows with high reliability to separate the crushed business fraction of the raw material from the unground, which is waste and unsuitable for further processing.

 To increase the reliability of the separator, the perforation of the torpedo can be made expanding towards its cavity, which eliminates its clogging when particles are hit with dimensions equal to the dimensions of the input part of the perforation, by eliminating the possibility of pressing them into the perforation of the torpedo.

 To reduce the amount of waste and reduce losses of business fraction, the separator sleeve can be made with a cross section of a helical groove, the area of which decreases in the direction of the locking cone, while in the best case, the spiral groove can be made with a constant width and decreasing depth towards the locking cone. This eliminates the possibility of loss of adhesion of raw materials to the torpedo and disruption of its transportation along the helical groove of the sleeve during re-compaction of the raw materials in it and its shear deformation and shear in the direction of cutting the helical groove.

 It is possible to make a separator sleeve with a helical groove profile in the form of a rectangular trapezoid with an inclined lateral side facing the locking cone. This allows you to adjust the pressure of the raw materials in the separator and to separate the waste with punching and additional grinding of the unmilled fraction of the raw material or preventing the unmilled fraction of the raw material from being pressed into the separator, depending on the angle of inclination of the larger side of the sleeve groove, which is necessary when processing raw materials with the main dye content in the skin or in the presence of seeds in the crushed raw materials, respectively.

 It is possible to supply the separator with means of adjustable backpressure connected to the locking cone, which can be made in the form of an elastic element fixed between the body or the smooth part of the torpedo and the locking cone of the elastic element, which can be adjusted to adjust the degree of pre-compression, or as an axial actuator movement associated with the engine through a safety friction or cam clutch with an adjustable compression ratio ruins. This allows you to adjust the degree of waste disposal, maintaining it constant during the processing process, regardless of the waste content in the processed raw materials and changes in its quality.

 It is possible to perform an additional screw chopper-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer with the direction of the screw thread, changeable to the opposite even number of times. This allows you to homogenize and mix the crushed raw materials with additives at a lower speed of rotation of the additional screw and improve the quality of mixing.

 It is possible to perform an additional screw with intermittent helical threading from the side of the outlet of the housing, and its side facing the outlet of the housing is made perpendicular to the axis of the additional screw. This design eliminates the reverse flow of raw materials in the screw channel of the screw with increasing pressure at the outlet of the housing through the nozzle hole and to intensify the mixing and homogenization of raw materials, which ensures the geometry of the screw thread.

 It is possible to make the body of the grinder-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer with at least one additional channel in communication with the outlet of the housing and with a source of supply of an additional component or with a source of supply of sterile gas under pressure, possibly made heated. This allows you to introduce additional components directly into the sterilization zone, eliminating the additional thermal effect on them, and homogenize the raw materials during ultrasonic atomization, possibly intensified by the flow of dispersing gas to the peripheral zone.

 It is possible to perform the inner surface of the nozzle outlet of the grinder-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer from an electret electrolyzer. This improves the quality of mixing and homogenization of raw materials and enhance the sterilizing effect.

 It is possible to perform a vibration concentrator of an ultrasound source with an axial channel in communication with a sterile gas source under pressure. This allows you to stabilize the process of spraying a highly viscous mixture with small amounts of liquid added to the crushed raw materials.

 It is possible to perform a vibration concentrator with a helical groove, preferably multi-start, on the side surface with a cutting direction, preferably opposite to the cutting direction, on the free end of the additional screw. This increases the adhesion of the mixture to the surface of the concentrator, lengthens the path of its flow, which increases the exposure time of the ultrasound to the mixture and the reliability of the sterilization process by increasing the amount of energy of ultrasonic vibrations of the transmitted mixture per unit volume, stabilizes the flow rate of the mixture during spraying and intensifies the process of mixing the components, especially when opposite directions of cutting the hub and the free end of the additional screw.

 The nozzle outlet of the chopper-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer body is provided with a confuser nozzle. This allows you to further increase the efficiency of mixing and homogenization of the sprayed components by obtaining a narrow spray jet with the intersecting direction of the individual stream jets.

 The preferred embodiment provides for the implementation of the ultrasound source in the form of a magnetostrictor with a liquid cooling system associated with the channel for supplying liquid to the housing. This makes it possible to reduce the energy intensity of the line due to the utilization of dissipative heat releases from the ultrasound source due to the enhancement of the sterilizing effect by increasing the temperature of the mixture.

 Another preferred embodiment provides for the implementation of the line with a bioreactor equipped with a bubbler and / or mixer. This allows you to intensify the process of fermentation of the mixture with the enzymes of microorganisms, depending on their type, by mixing the mixture and eliminating its separation during surface or deep fermentation, as well as by creating optimal fermentation conditions using aerobic and anaerobic microflora.

 It is possible to connect the bioreactor to a source of sterile gas under pressure. This allows you to use a single gas source for the grinder-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer and bioreactor. In this case, it is possible to make the blades and shaft of the bioreactor mixer hollow, and the cavity of the blade communicated through openings with the cavity of the bioreactor and through the cavity of the shaft with a source of sterile gas under pressure. This allows you to combine, if necessary, the mixer with a bubbler, simplifying the design of the bioreactor.

 To exclude the possibility of seeding the working space of rooms, especially when using spore-forming forms of microflora, the bioreactor can be equipped with an exhaust pipe with an ultrafilter installed in it.

 Another preferred option is the implementation of the filter installation in the form of a housing mounted coaxially with the clearance of the drive hollow ultrafiltration element, a supply pipe for the initial liquid and a biomass outlet pipe located in the housing at opposite ends of the ultrafiltration element and communicated with a gap between the inner surface of the housing and the outer the surface of the ultrafiltration element, and the outlet pipe of the filtrate located on the axis of the housing and in communication with the cavity of the ultrafilter guide member. This design of the filter unit allows filtering in a continuous mode with the tangential direction of the speed of the filtered stream relative to the filter surface, which allows for certain rotation speeds of the ultrafiltration element to achieve self-cleaning due to the separation of the biomass retained by it from the ultrafiltration element and its movement to the periphery of the body in the field of centrifugal forces .

 It is possible to install a nozzle for supplying the initial liquid in the side wall of the housing tangentially. This allows you to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the installation and increase the relative velocity of the flow of the filtered fluid and the filter surface of the ultrafiltration element.

 It is possible to supply the biomass outlet pipe with adjustable shutoff valves, preferably made in the form of an adjustable safety valve. This allows you to get biomass with a certain humidity, set by the hydraulic resistance of the shutoff valves in manual or automatic mode.

The invention provides the ability to perform ultrafiltration element with at least one groove on the side surface, which can be annular or helical, preferably with a trapezoidal profile, large base facing the outer surface of the ultrafiltration element, and angles with a larger base not more than 20 ^about , or in the form of a triangle, the greater side facing the outer surface of the ultrafiltration element. This allows you to increase the filtration surface at a constant length of the ultrafiltration element.

 It is possible to perform an ultrafiltration element with a truncated conical, placed a large base to the biomass outlet pipe. This allows you to increase the reliability of self-cleaning ultrafiltration element by increasing the centrifugal force as the concentration of biomass of the filtered fluid increases.

 It is possible to supply the filter installation with a spiral guide installed in the gap between the housing and the ultrafiltration element, while it is desirable that the spiral guide be made with a decreasing step towards the biomass branch pipe, and also that the filter installation be equipped with a sleeve placed with the possibility of axial movement and fixing between the body and the spiral guide, the latter being fixed on the sleeve. This makes it possible to eliminate the displacement of parts of the spiral flow of the initial fluid with different biomass concentrations, to increase the filtration pressure as the biomass concentration increases and to regulate this pressure change depending on the type of the initial fluid by moving the sleeve with the spiral guide, which changes the input and output sections of the spiral channel for the passage of the initial fluid .

 Another preferred option is to provide the filter unit with a hollow reverse osmosis element and a moisture removal pipe in communication with the cavity of the reverse osmosis element installed in the cavity of the ultrafiltration element.

 This allows us to simplify the design of the line by combining two technological operations in one position and eliminating the transmission link between them.

 In this case, longitudinal grooves or longitudinal blades made with a height less than the gap between the ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis elements can be made on the inner surface of the ultrafiltration element. This allows you to concentrate the filtrate in the field of centrifugal forces that ensure self-cleaning of the reverse osmosis element by creating a rotation of the filtrate stream relative to its outer surface while increasing adhesion to the inner surface of the ultrafiltration element rotated from the drive.

 It is possible to supply the reverse osmosis element with a drive opposite to the ultrafiltration rotation element. This allows you to increase the relative velocity of the filtrate flow along the outer surface of the reverse osmosis element, which improves the reliability of its self-cleaning and stabilizes the concentration conditions by eliminating fluctuations in the hydraulic resistance of the reverse osmosis element during operation.

Possible to perform reverse osmosis element having at least one groove on the outer side surface, the groove may be formed circular or helical, preferably with a profile in the form of a trapezoid, a large base facing the outer surface of the reverse osmosis element and the angle at the high basis not more than ^90, or in the form of a triangle, the greater side facing the outer surface of the reverse osmosis element. This allows you to develop a concentration surface with a constant length of the reverse osmosis element and reduce its hydraulic resistance.

 It is possible to perform a reverse osmosis element in the form of a truncated cone placed by a large base to the outlet of the filtrate, and the branch of moisture removal is installed on the side of the smaller base. This allows concentration to increase with increasing centrifugal force as the dye concentration in the filtrate increases, which increases the reliability of self-cleaning of the reverse osmosis element.

 It is desirable to provide the outlet of the filtrate outlet with adjustable shutoff valves, preferably made in the form of an adjustable safety valve. This allows you to adjust the concentration of the dye in the filtrate in the same way as adjusting the extraction of biomass on the ultrafiltration element.

 Another preferred option provides for the implementation of the line with a freezer, defrosting means and a chopper, made in the form of a housing with a loading hopper and an outlet located in the screw housing of the locking element associated with the ultrasound source, a gateway feeder located in the hopper, and means for feeding a liquefied gas body, the screw being made with a screw channel, the area of which is larger on the side of the hopper than on the side of the closure element. This allows us to simplify the design of the line by combining several technological operations in one position.

 In this case, it is possible to perform an axial cavity at the end of the screw facing the locking element and a locking element conical-cylindrical with a cylindrical part located on the side of the screw with the possibility of axial movement in its cavity, connected along the line of its zero displacements with adjustable backpressure means. Such a design makes it possible to eliminate the dissipation of ultrasonic vibrations in the machine structure and to defrost the raw materials with simultaneous grinding due to the intense heating of the raw materials impregnated with liquefied gas in the field of ultrasonic vibrations.

 Perhaps the execution of the pipe over the locking element perforated. This facilitates the exit of boiling liquefied gas with a pressure drop and improves the quality of grinding of processed raw materials.

 Another preferred option is the implementation of the washing machine and the machine for cutting the tops and beets of the beets in the form of a tray for transporting beets with a movable bottom connected to the drive, made with holes for the entry of the tail and tops of beets installed under the bottom of the drive knives, mounted above the bottom of the elastic braking elements, nozzles communicated with water supply means and located above the bottom between the braking elements, and a waste tray placed under the knives. This design allows you to combine in one machine the technological operations of washing and trimming the protruding parts of beets, which simplifies the line by eliminating the transmission media between these operations.

 In this case, it is possible to perform a tray for transporting beets in a straight line, and knives paired and centrally symmetrical, mounted perpendicular to each other with the possibility of synchronous rotation from the drive on the central axes mounted in a centrally symmetrical carrier mounted under the bottom of the tray for transporting beets with the possibility of rotation from the drive relative to the central axis, and the knives are made with a length of less than 0.75 and more than 0.5 distance between the axes of their rotation. This design allows you to process beets in continuous mode with a minimum area of dead zones on the bottom of the tray.

 In this case, it is desirable that the pair of knives were made with the profile of the cutting edges in the form of a quarter circle and a quarter ellipse bounded by two main half-axes sequentially connected from the axis of rotation, the smaller of which coincides with the radius of the quarter circle. This allows you to optimize the angle of application of the cutting force, eliminating the rebound of the processed beets.

 The tray can be made circular, and the braking elements and knives are installed radially, and the drives for moving the bottom of the tray and knives are made asynchronous. This allows you to completely eliminate the dead zones on the tray during periodic operation of the machine.

 In the best version, the nozzles are installed obliquely to the bottom of the tray, which lengthens the trajectory of the water stream and improves the quality of the wash.

 It is possible to supply the line with abrasive feed means in communication with nozzles mounted above the beet transporting tray. This allows you to implement in the machine for washing and trimming the protruding parts at the same time cleaning the beets from the skin, which further simplifies the design of the line.

 It is possible to supply the line with a calibrator and make a tray for transporting beets with divided partitions, between which the holes in the bottom are made increasing in the direction of installation of the calibrator for cutting the tops and beets of the beets of the corresponding calibrated fraction. This allows you to improve the quality of trimming of the protruding parts of beets without damaging the body of the root crop with minimal waste.

 Another option provides for the implementation of an additional screw chopper-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer with a cross-sectional area of the cutting channel, decreasing from the separator to the channel for supplying liquid, and after it increasing, and the housing in the area from the separator to the channel for supplying liquid is made perforated , under it there is a juice collector connected with an additional sterilizer. This allows you to carry out the technological operation of separating juice from squeezes on the same equipment as grinding, homogenization, mixing and sterilization, which simplifies the design of the line.

It is possible to perform an additional sterilizer in the form of an ultrasound source with an oscillation concentrator and means for supplying juice from the juice collector to the end surface of the concentrator, which can be made in the form of an axial channel in the concentrator and a nozzle placed on its lateral surface on the line of zero displacements communicated with the axial channel and juice collector, preferably installed at an angle of 45 ^about the axis of the concentrator, or in the form of a nozzle for supplying juice to the side surface of the concentrator. This allows sterilizing the juice in a gentle temperature regime due to the ultrasonic energy transmitted to it from the source by the concentrator, which preserves the thermolabile anthocyanin and betanine coloring compounds of the raw material unchanged.

 It is possible to supply an additional sterilizer with a nozzle, and on its inner surface an annular cavity is made, connected with the juice supply pipe, and the concentrator is placed with a gap in the nozzle channel. This allows you to seal an additional sterilizer with a hydraulic shutter and increase the contact surface of the juice with the vibration concentrator, which reduces the likelihood of secondary seed contamination of the juice and increases the reliability of sterilization.

 It is possible to install an additional sterilizer nozzle in the bioreactor wall. This completely eliminates the possibility of secondary seeding of sterile juice.

 It is possible to make a single or multiple thread helical groove on the inner surface of the axial channel or on the side surface of the hub. This increases the path, time and contact surface of the juice with the concentrator, which increases the reliability of sterilization.

 In another embodiment, it is possible to perform an additional sterilizer-cooler in the form of a hollow cylindrical thermostatic housing with inlet and outlet nozzles installed in the housing coaxially with the hollow cylindrical fairing with a helical groove on the side surface and an opening communicating with the fairing cavity with a helical groove, the inlet nozzle being made communicating with the helical groove of the fairing, and the outlet with the cavity of the fairing, the fairing is installed so that its hole is located with the opposite side of the inlet and outlet nozzles of the housing. This allows you to sterilize the juice in a thin layer and to utilize the heat of the sterile juice to heat the juice included in the sterilizer, which is achieved by cooling the sterilized juice and the elimination of thermal energy dissipation in the fairing.

 In this case, it is possible to make a helical groove in the fairing of the stalizer-cooler with a continuously variable depth. This shape of the groove allows you to turbulize the near-wall layer of the stream of sterilized juice and to exclude the possibility of a burnout on the heated surface of the body and thermal degradation of labile dyes.

 It is desirable to install an adjustable throttle valve on the outlet of the sterilizer-cooler. This allows you to adjust the sterilization pressure of the juice, which excludes its overheating and thermal degradation of dyes.

 Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides the implementation of the machine for removing seeds and the chopper in the form of sequentially mounted on the bed hopper for piece feeding of fruits, two belt conveyors installed in parallel with a gap, the belts of which are mesh and have spikes, two movable knives placed between the conveyors in a vertical planes and made sickle-shaped, arranged with the possibility of overlapping cutting edges and connected by elastic elements with a bed, mechanic ism of bone separation, made in the form of an inclined curly plate installed with overlapping the gap between the conveyor belts, or in the form of an inclined curved plate installed with overlapping the gap between the conveyor belts, or in the form of a pair of grips kinematically connected with sickle-shaped knives and installed with them in one plane, pressure rolls installed with the possibility of interaction with conveyor belts, and a tray for removal of crushed raw materials. This allows you to combine the position of separation of seeds and grinding during the processing of stone fruits such as cherries and plums, which simplifies the design of the line.

 Another preferred option provides for the implementation of the apparatus for agglomeration in the form of a cylindrical body with hatches for loading and unloading bulk, tangentially installed in the lower part of the heated gas supply pipe under pressure, inclined towards the last bottom, exhaust pipe, ultrasonic atomizer in communication with the concentrate supply pipe located in the upper part of the housing on its axis, a filter fixed in the outlet pipe, and a concentrate dispenser. This apparatus allows the dye to agglomerate on a granular medium with continuous supply of concentrate and periodic loading of the medium without controlling the moisture of the mixture, which simplifies this process and does not require complex control means, and also allows moisture to be completely removed from the dye due to the fineness of dispersion, which ensures lack of caking and clumping during prolonged storage in sealed containers.

 In this case, it is possible to install a spiral guide on the periphery of the inner surface of the casing, preferably with an inner generatrix along the spray cone of the ultrasonic atomizer, which eliminates the deposition of dispersible concentrate on it, and with a constant screw channel length, which prevents the carrier from being pushed to the axial part under the spray concentrate before the end of drying or its occurrence on the rail due to the pressure drop in its channel, while ensuring an ordered flow of the carrier during drying without Addressing media with different doses of humidity.

 It is possible to supply the apparatus for agglomeration with a guide cone installed with the top down in the upper part of the housing, while the spray gun is mounted at the top of the guide cone. This reduces the likelihood of the removal of media in the exhaust pipe.

 It is possible to supply the agglomeration apparatus with an infrared radiation source located inside the housing, which is preferably a spiral guide made of conductive material, isolated from the housing, connected to a current source. This allows you to intensify the drying process of the carrier mixture with the concentrate in the absence of a significant complication of the design of the apparatus for agglomeration.

 It is possible to perform an ultrasonic atomizer of the apparatus for agglomeration in the form of a nozzle with an annular groove communicated with the concentrate supply pipe and an ultrasound source with an oscillation concentrator, the free end of which is placed with a gap in the nozzle. Such a sprayer design allows to obtain the maximum possible dispersion of the concentrate up to 0.1 μm, which facilitates the release of moisture from it and ensures its uniform deposition on the carrier without the use of a carrier gas, which facilitates the creation of a swirling carrier flow and eliminates the blowing of the concentrate from the carrier or the creation of swirls, preventing the deposition of the concentrate on the media. At the same time, this design of the atomizer allows you to get a stream of dispersed concentrate, which is the carrier of an ultrasonic wave, contributing to the coagulation of particles of the concentrate on the carrier.

 In this case, it is possible to perform the inner surfaces of the housing and the nozzle from opposite-pole electrets. This ensures that unlike electrostatic charges are applied to the carrier and dispersible concentrate, which prevent coagulation of particles of the same name and intensify coagulation of unlike particles due to electrostatic repulsion forces of like charged particles and attraction of unlike charged particles.

 In such a sprayer, in order to increase the spraying angle, the end surface of the concentrator can be made convex, for example, conical, most simple to manufacture, spherical, with maximum spray uniformity, or in the form of a paraboloid of revolution with maximum spray angle.

 To ensure consistent performance and increase the temperature of the concentrate, which facilitates the separation of moisture, a single or multiple screw groove can be made on the lateral surface of the concentrator.

 It is possible to supply the nozzle of the agglomeration apparatus with a diffuser nozzle. This allows you to increase the spray angle of the nozzle.

 It is possible to supply the nozzle with a heating system. This allows you to increase the temperature of the dispersible concentrate and facilitate the separation of moisture from it.

 Another option is the implementation of an ultrasonic atomizer in the form of an ultrasound source with an oscillation concentrator made with an axial channel in communication with the concentrate supply pipe through a fitting located on the line of zero displacement of the concentrator. This allows the dispersion of the concentrate with simultaneous heating. In this case, it is possible to perform on the inner surface of the axial channel of the concentrator a single or multiple helical groove, which increases the heating temperature of the concentrate.

 The possibility of performing an ultrasound source of an ultrasonic atomizer of the apparatus for agglomeration in the form of a magnetostrictor with a liquid cooling jacket communicated with the concentrate supply line is provided. This allows you to utilize the dissipative heat of the ultrasound source to heat the concentrate to facilitate removal of moisture from it.

 It is possible to connect an ultrafilter of a bioreactor, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis elements of a filter plant, a filter of an agglomeration apparatus in any combination with an ultrasound source. This ensures coagulation and separation from the filtering surface of the delayed fraction, increases the reliability of self-cleaning and stabilizes the hydraulic resistance of the listed elements.

 Another preferred option is the implementation of the main screw and the housing of the chopper-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer isolated from each other and from the rest of the device and connected to different phases of the current source. This allows plasmolysis of the crushed raw materials, which facilitates the release of cellular contents, intensifies juice separation if necessary, and also reduces the duration of subsequent fermentation.

 To achieve the same effect, in another embodiment, it is provided that conveyor belts and pressure rolls of the machine for pitting and grinding are isolated from each other and from other parts of the machine and connected to different phases of the current source.

 It is also possible to connect the pressure rolls of the machine for pitting and grinding connected to a source of radial vibrations. This increases the efficiency of plasmolysis due to the elimination of voids in the raw materials in the gap between the tapes and rolls during coagulation under the influence of vibrations and the exit of air bubbles.

 The last preferred option provides for the location of the magnets on the body of the chopper-homogenizer-mixer-sterilizer from the plane of the odd change in the direction of cutting of the additional screw to the plane of the even change in the direction of cutting of the additional screw. This allows you to activate the natural enzymes of the processed raw materials and achieve maceration of plant tissues, accelerating the subsequent fermentation of microorganism enzymes in the bioreactor.

 In FIG. 1 shows schematically a line for processing pomace; in FIG. 2 line for processing grapes, mountain ash, elderberry, etc. in FIG. 3 line for processing beets; in FIG. 4 line for processing red cabbage; in FIG. 5 line for processing plums, cherries, dogwood, etc. in FIG. 6 shows an aggregate for grinding, separating juice from pomace, plasmolysis, magnetic treatment, mixing, homogenization and sterilization; in FIG. 7 node I in FIG. 6, with bar knives; in FIG. 8, view A in FIG. 7; in FIG. 9 section BB in FIG. 7; in FIG. 10 node I in FIG. 6, with faceted shafts; in FIG. 11 is a section BB of FIG. 10; in FIG. 12 a profile of slicing a screw associated with a circular drive; in FIG. 13 fragment separator for seedless raw materials; in FIG. 14 the same for raw material with pits; in FIG. 15 shows counterpressure means of a locking cone in the form of a ram; in FIG. 16 the same in the form of an axial displacement drive; in FIG. 17 shows the assembly II in FIG. 6; in FIG. 18 end section of the additional screw; in FIG. 19 fragment of the output section of the housing; in FIG. 20 site concentrator sterilizer; in FIG. 21 bioreactor; in FIG. 22 shows a filter unit; in FIG. 23 is a section GG in FIG. 22; in FIG. 24 and 25, section DD in FIG. 22 with various shapes of grooves; in FIG. 26 version of the filtering unit with a truncated conical ultrafiltration element and shutoff valves on the biomass branch pipe; in FIG. 27 filter unit with a spiral guide; in FIG. 28 the same with the reverse osmosis element; in FIG. 29 and 30, section EE in FIG. 28 with various groove shapes; in FIG. 31 shows a freezer device with defrosting means and a chopper; in FIG. 32 shows a machine for washing, peeling, cutting tops and tail of beets with a straight tray for transportation; in FIG. 33 is a view G in FIG. 32; in FIG. 34 shows the same machine with an annular tray for transportation; in FIG. 35 is a view 3 of FIG. 34; in FIG. 36 view And in FIG. 34; in FIG. 37 shows the same machine in conjunction with a calibrator; in FIG. 38 is a view K of FIG. 37; in FIG. 39 additional ultrasonic sterilizer with juice supply through the axial channel of the concentrator; in FIG. 40 the same with the supply of juice through the nozzle; in FIG. 41 the same with the nozzle; in FIG. 42 is a section LL in FIG. 41; in FIG. 43 thermal sterilizer-cooler; in FIG. 44 fragment of the helical channel of the sterilizer-cooler; in FIG. 45 same in the scan; in FIG. 46 shows a machine for pitting, grinding and plasmolysis; in FIG. 47 shows the cutting and bone-cutting unit of this machine; in FIG. 48 node separation of the bones with a figured plate; in FIG. 49 the same with a pair of captures; in FIG. 50 stud mount in the conveyor belt; in FIG. 51 agglomeration apparatus; in FIG. 52 spray unit of this apparatus with a hub without an axial channel; in FIG. 53 node III in FIG. 51; in FIG. 54 hub for spraying with a tapered end surface; in FIG. 55 the same with a spherical end surface; in FIG. 56 the same with the surface of a paraboloid of revolution; in FIG. 57 atomizer with diffuser nozzle; in FIG. 58 the same with the axial channel in the oscillation concentrator; in FIG. 59 shows the connection of a cooling jacket of a magnetostrictor of an atomizer ultrasound source to a concentrate supply system.

 The line for the production of red food coloring from vegetable raw materials contains at a minimum, as in the case of pomace processing (Fig. 1), a chopper 1, a homogenizer-mixer 2, a sterilizer 3, a bioreactor 4, a filtering unit 5 and an apparatus 6 for concentration are installed in series, and also a container 7 for preparing seed, connected to the bioreactor 4.

 When processing grapes, mountain ash and other berries growing in clusters, the line (Fig. 2) is equipped with a washer 8, an inspection conveyor 9, a machine 10 for separating ridges, preferably a freezer 11 and defrosting means 12, as well as an agglomeration apparatus 13 for producing granular dye intended for long-term storage.

 When processing beets, the line is equipped with a washer 8, an inspection conveyor 9, a machine 14 for trimming tops and tails, a machine 15 for peeling, preferably a machine 16 for magnetic processing and an electric plasmaizer 17, a machine 18 for separating juice from squeezed, behind which the line is made of two parallel branches converging behind the filter unit 5.

 The line for processing red cabbage (Fig. 4) is equipped with a machine 19 for removing integumentary leaves, a washing machine 8, a machine 20 for removing stumps, a baking conveyor 9, and a cooler 21 when using a heat sterilizer 3.

 The line for processing stone fruits (Fig. 5) is equipped with a washer 8, a machine 22 for separating the stalks and a machine 23 for removing seeds, an inspection conveyor 9, preferably an electroplasma 17.

 The assembly shown in FIG. 6-20, combines the functions of a grinder 1, a homogenizer-mixer 2, a sterilizer 3, a machine 16 for magnetic processing, an electric plasmaizer 17 and a machine 18 for separating juice from squeezes and is a case 24 with a loading hopper 25 and a channel 26 for supplying liquid, inside of which the hollow main screw 27 is connected in series, connected to the engine 28 via gear 29, a cutting mechanism, a separator with a waste tray 30, an additional screw 31 with an axial channel 32 installed in the cavity 33 of the main screw 27 and connected to the engine 28 cm through the transmission 34, the gear ratio which is different from the gear ratio of the transmission 29, a source 35 of ultrasound vibrations with a hub 36, mounted in the axial passage 31. The screw 32 further channel 26 for feeding liquid is placed in the housing 24 of the separator. The housing 24 is made with a nozzle outlet 37 located beyond the outlet end of the additional screw 31. The oscillation concentrator 36 protrudes from the axial channel 32 of the additional screw 31 and is mounted with its free end in the nozzle hole 37 to form an annular gap relative to its inner surface. The main screw 27 is made with breaks 38 of the screw thread 39, and elements of the cutting mechanism are installed in these breaks 38.

Elements of the cutting mechanism can be made (Fig. 6-9) in the form of rod knives 40 with cutting edges 41 installed perpendicularly to the axis of the main screw 27 in the housing 24 and mounted on the plane c (Fig. 6) pairwise in each plane perpendicular to the axis of the main screw 27 constant pitch ¹⁸⁰ of the screw 27 coaxial main circle. Knives 40 are installed in the housing 24 with the possibility of axial movement along the screw thread 42 in the disk 43 and fixation with a nut 44 and circumferential movement together with the disk 43 and fixation by the latch 45.

 Elements of the cutting mechanism can be made (Figs. 10 and 11) in the form of drive shafts 46 with a cross-sectional profile in the form of a regular convex polygon, in this case a square, with a diameter of the circumference described equal to the depth of the screw thread 39 of the main screw 27 mounted crosswise with the main screw 27 with a clearance relative to its body and housing 24. The drive shafts 46 are located in each plane perpendicular to the axis of the screw 27 in pairs and are connected by a kinematic connection 47 with a common drive 48.

 The engine 28 can be made reversible and be a drive of circular oscillations. In this case, the screw cutting ridges 39 of the main screw 27 and the cutting 49 of the additional screw 31 are made (Fig. 18) with a profile in the form of a rectangular trapezoid, with a large base facing the bodies of the screws 27 and 31, with a larger lateral side to the loading hopper 25, and the side surface 50 turns of slices 39 and 49, facing the outlet 37, made with a roughness less than that of the inner surface 51 of the housing 24, and a surface 52 facing the loading hopper 25, with a roughness greater than the surface 51.

 The separator is made in the form of a hollow torpedo (Fig. 6, 13, 14) with perforated 53 and smooth 54 parts, mounted coaxially on the main screw 27, coaxial to it sleeve 55 with a helical groove 56 on the inner surface, fixed in the housing 24 with the formation of a clearance relative to the perforated part 53 of the torpedo, and the locking cone 57 mounted in the housing 24 with the possibility of axial movement of the relatively smooth part 54 of the torpedo. The last turn of the groove 56 is communicated with the tray 30 for waste disposal. The perforation 58 of the torpedo is made expanding toward its cavity 59. The cross-sectional area of the groove 56 decreases in the direction of the locking cone 57, and this is achieved by making the groove 56 with a constant width and decreasing depth in the direction and locking cone 57. The profile of the helical groove 56 is made in the form of a rectangular trapezoid with an inclined lateral side 60 facing the locking cone 57 (Fig. 13, 14), while the direction of inclination of the side 60 determines the slice of the raw material particles filtered by perforation 58 or their crushing and forcing into it. The locking cone 57 is connected to the means of adjustable backpressure, made in the form (Fig. 6) fixed between the housing 24 or the smooth part 54 of the torpedo and the locking cone 57 of the elastic element 61, which is installed with the ability to adjust the degree of pre-compression by moving the nut 62. It is possible to implement means of adjustable backpressure in the form (Fig. 15) of the actuator 63 with an adjustable safety valve 64 or in the form (Fig. 16, 17) of an axial displacement drive, consisting of a rack 65 and a gear 66, associated with vigatelem 67 via a slipping clutch or a cam 68 with an adjustable degree of compression nut 69 movable springs 70.

 The additional screw 31 is made (Fig. 6) with an even, in this case twofold, change of direction of the screw thread 49 to the opposite, and from the side of the outlet 37 (Fig. 18) with an intermittent screw thread 49, the side 71 of sector elements 72 of which is turned to the hole 37, is made perpendicular to the axis of the screw 31, and from the opposite side 73 continues the direction of the cut 49.

 The housing 24 is made (Fig. 6, 19) with two additional supply channels 74 and 75, one of which, for example, channel 74, is connected to a source of sterile gas under pressure and is made by heated heaters 76, and the other channel 75 is connected to a source of fluid supply.

 The inner surface of the nozzle hole 37 (Fig. 18) is made of an electret electrifier 77.

 The hub 36 is made (Fig. 19, 20) with an axial channel 78 communicated through the hole 79 and the axial channel 32 of the additional screw 31 with a sterile gas source under pressure, and a helical groove 80 on the side surface, which can be multi-start and directed in the opposite direction relative to the cutting 49 of the additional screw 31. The nozzle hole 37 is made with confuser nozzle 81.

 The ultrasound source 35 is made in the form (Fig. 19) of a magnetostrictor 82 with a liquid cooling system 83 connected by nozzles 84 and 85 to a channel 26 for supplying liquid to the housing 24. The main screw 27 and the housing 24 are made (Fig. 6) isolated from each other and other parts of the device and are connected to various phases 86 and 87 of the current source. A magnet 88 is mounted on the housing 24 over a portion of the additional screw 31, where the cut 49 has an opposite direction to the direction of movement of the material.

 An additional screw 31 is made (Fig. 6) with a cross-sectional area of the cutting channel 49, decreasing from the separator to the liquid supply channel 26, and then increasing. In this case, the housing 24 in the section 89 from the separator to the channel 26 for supplying liquid is perforated, and under it there is a juice collector 90, in communication with an additional sterilizer 91.

 The bioreactor 4 (Fig. 21) is made with a mixer 92, cavities 93 and 94 of the shaft 95 and blades 96 of which are connected through openings 97 with the cavity of the bioreactor 4 and a sterile gas source under pressure, which is a bubbler, and an exhaust pipe 98 with an ultrafilter 99 connected to source of 100 ultrasounds.

The filtering installation (Fig. 22-30) contains a housing 101, a hollow ultrafiltration element 102 coaxially mounted with a gap, nozzles 103, 104 and 105 of the source fluid supply, biomass and filtrate drainage, respectively, mounted therein. The nozzles 103 and 104 are located in the housing 101 at the opposite ends of the ultrafiltration element 102, and the nozzle 103 of the source fluid supply (Fig. 23) is located tangentially. The nozzle 105 is made coaxial to the ultrafiltration element 102, fixed at its end, communicated with the cavity of the ultrafiltration element 102 and connected to the drive 106 of rotation. At least one groove 107 of an annular (Fig. 24) or helical (Fig. 25) shape can be made on the side surface of the ultrafiltration element 102, the profile of this groove 107 can be made in the form of a trapezoid with a large base facing the surface of the ultrafiltration element 102, and at greater angles based ^on not more than 90 or in the form of a triangle, the larger side facing the outer surface of the ultra-filtering member 102. Nozzle 104 may be provided (FIG. 26) of gate valve, constructed as an adjustable pre hranitelnogo valve 108 and an ultrafilter element is a truncated cone, large base facing the pipe 104.

 In FIG. 27 shows an embodiment of a filtering unit equipped with a spiral guide 109, mounted in a sleeve 110, mounted in the housing 101 with the possibility of movement and fixation on a screw thread 111. The spiral guide 109 is made with decreasing steps towards the nozzle 104.

When supplying a filtering installation (Fig. 28) with a reverse osmosis element 112 and a moisture removal pipe 113 coaxial with it, and installing a reverse osmosis element 112 in the cavity of the ultrafiltration element 102, the installation simultaneously performs the functions of filtration and concentration in one technological position. The reverse osmosis element 112 is connected through a nozzle 113 to a rotation drive 114 opposite to the actuator 106. The nozzle 105 in this case can be equipped with an adjustable stop valve (not shown) in the same way, for example, in the form of a safety valve, and on the inner surface of the ultrafiltration element 102 grooves 115 (FIG. 29) or blades 116 (FIG. 30) be made. The reverse osmosis element is made with at least one groove 117 on the side surface, which can be a screw (Fig. 29) or annular (Fig. 30) with a trapezoidal profile, with a large base facing the outer surface of the reverse osmosis element 112 and angles at the base not more than 90 ^about or in the form of a triangle, the larger side facing the outer surface of the reverse osmosis element 112. The reverse osmosis element can be truncated conical, and the pipe 113 is installed on the side of the smaller base.

 The unit that combines the functions of a freezer, defrosting means and chopper (Fig. 31) contains a housing 118 with a loading hopper 119 and an outlet 120 located in the housing 118, the drive screw 121, a locking element 122 connected to the source 123 of ultrasound, airlock feeder 124, located in the hopper 119, the source 125 of a liquefied gas with a dispenser 126 connected to the housing 118. The screw 121 is made with a screw channel, the cross-sectional area of which decreases from the hopper 119 to the locking element 122, and at its end from the side of the locking element 122 is made axial cavity 127, and the locking element 122 is made conical-cylindrical with a cylindrical part located on the side of the screw 121 with the possibility of axial movement in the cavity 127, and is connected along the line of zero displacements with means of adjustable backpressure, made, for example, in the form of elastic elements 128, fixed between flanges 129 and 130 mounted on the housing 118 and the locking element 122, with the possibility of adjusting the degree of pre-stretching by moving the studs 131 in the flange 130 and fixing nuts 132. In the housing 118 on a locking member 122 formed perforation 133.

 The unit that combines the functions of a washing machine and a machine for cutting beet tops and beet tails (Figs. 32-38) contains a tray 134 for transporting beets with a movable bottom 135 connected to a drive 136 and made with holes 137 for setting the tails and beet tops, installed under the bottom 135, the knife and 138, the elastic braking elements 139 fixed above the bottom 135, the nozzles 130 communicated with water supply means (not shown) and located above the bottom 135 between the braking elements 139, and located under the knives 138 of the waste discharge tray 141. When performing the tray 134 for transporting beets in a straight line (Fig. 32, 33), the knives 138 are paired centrally symmetrical, mounted perpendicular to each other with the possibility of synchronous rotation from the drive 142 on the central axes 143, mounted in a centrally symmetrical carrier 144, installed under the bottom 135 of the tray 134 for transporting beets rotatably from the drive 142 relative to the central axis 145, and the knives 138 are made with a length of more than 0.5 and less than 0.75 of the distance C between the axes 143 of their rotation and with the profile of the cutting edges to form a conjugate sequentially from the rotation axis 143 a quarter circle and a quarter ellipse, limited by two main semi-axes, the smaller of which coincides with the radius of a quarter circle. Behind tray 134 for transporting beets, a tray 146 is installed for removing the processed beets.

 When performing tray 134 for transporting beets in an annular (fgi. 34-38) braking elements 139 and knives 138 are mounted radially, and the drive (not shown) for moving the bottom 135 of the tray 134 and knives 138 is made asynchronous. The communication of nozzles 140 with abrasive feed means (not shown) allows for simultaneous cleaning and cutting of protruding parts from beet peeling.

 The presence of the conveyor 147 and the calibrator 148 (Fig. 32, 37, 38) when installing partitions 149 and making holes 137 increasing in the direction of installation of the calibrator 148 allows you to reliably process beets of different fractions at the same time. Moreover, to remove the beets from the annular tray 134 (Fig. 38) in it and the partitions 149, the flaps 151 mounted on the axes 150 are connected, connected by the lever system 152 with the drive 153 to remove the processed beets from different parts of the bottom 135 to the tray 146.

 Nozzles 140 (Fig. 35, 36) are installed obliquely to the bottom 135 so that the spray torch does not fall on the braking elements 139.

Additional sterilizer 91 may be made ultrasonic (Fig. 39-42) or thermal (Fig. 43-45). The ultrasonic additional sterilizer contains an ultrasound source 154 with an oscillation concentrator 155 and means for supplying juice from the juice collector 90 to the end surface of the concentrator 155. These means can be made (Fig. 39) in the form of an axial channel 156 in the concentrator 155 and a fitting 157, preferably angled ^about 45 to the axis line of zero offsets hub 155 communicated with the axial channel 156 and the juice collector 90, or (FIG. 40) as a supply pipe 158 on the side surface juice concentrator 155. in this case, the supply may complement itelnogo sterilizer 91 (FIGS. 41, 42) the nozzle 159 with annular cavity 160 on its inner surface, communicating with conduit 158 supplying juice. The concentrator 156 is placed in the nozzle 159 with the formation of an annular gap 161. The nozzle 159 of the additional sterilizer is placed in the wall of the bioreactor 4. On the lateral surface of the concentrator 155, preferably a multi-thread screw 162 is made in its axial channel 156 (Fig. 39).

 The heat sterilizer and cooler (Figs. 43-45) comprise a hollow cylindrical thermostatically controlled heater 163 housing 164 with inlet 165 and outlet 166 nozzles mounted in the housing 164 coaxially with the hollow cylindrical fairing 167 with a helical groove 168 on the side surface formed in the groove 169 elastic cord 170, and a hole 171 communicating a helical groove 168 with a cavity of the cowl 167. The inlet pipe 165 is made in communication with the helical groove 168, and the output pipe 166 with a cavity of the cowl 167, the hole 171 in which The sides but with opposite from nozzles 165 and 166. The groove 168 is configured to cyclically smoothly varying depth due to the presence of the projections 172. At the outlet conduit 166 is fitted with a throttle valve 173.

 The machine for removing pits, grinding and plasmolysis (Fig. 46-50) contains a hopper 175 mounted on the bed 174 for piece feeding of fruits, two belt conveyors 176 installed in parallel with a gap, connected to a synchronous drive 177, the belts 178 of which are mesh and have spikes 179 connected to them by means of elastic elements 180, two paired knives 181 placed in a vertical plane with the possibility of overlapping sickle-shaped cutting edges, swing relative to the axes 182 connected to the bed 174 by elastic elements 183, mechanical 3m bone separation, made in the form of an inclined figured plate 184 (Fig. 48) or in the form of a pair of grippers 185 (Fig. 49), kinematically connected through the axis 182 with a pair of knives 181, pressure rolls 186, installed with the possibility of interaction with the tapes 178 and associated with the drive 187 of radial vibrations, and a tray 188 for removal of crushed raw materials. The tape 178 and the rolls 186 are made isolated from the rest of the parts and connected to the various phases of the current source 189.

 The agglomeration apparatus (Figs. 51-59) comprises a cylindrical body 190 with hatches 191 and 192 for loading and unloading bulk solids, respectively, tangentially mounted in the lower part of the heated gas supply pipe 193 under pressure, inclined towards the last bottom 194 and the exhaust pipe 195, an ultrasonic atomizer in communication with a concentrate supply pipe 196 located in the upper part on the axis of the housing 190, a filter 197 mounted in an exhaust pipe 195 and connected to an ultrasound source 198, a spiral guide 199 mounted about the periphery of the housing 190, made with an inner generatrix along the spray cone of the ultrasonic atomizer and a constant along the length of the screw channel, a guide cone 200, installed in the upper part of the housing 190 with the top down, in which the ultrasonic atomizer is located. The spiral guide 199 is made (Fig. 53) of the conductive composition and is a source of infrared radiation 201. To perform this function, the source 201 is isolated from the housing 190 by insulation 202 and connected to the current source 203 through busbars 204 and 205.

 The ultrasonic atomizer can be made in the form (Fig. 51, 52) of a nozzle 206 with an annular groove 207 in communication with the concentrate supply pipe 196 and an ultrasound source 208 with an oscillation concentrator 209, the free end of which is placed with a gap 210 in the nozzle 206, while the inner surface of the housing 190 and the nozzle 206 is made (Fig. 52, 53) of different-pole electrets 211 and 212, respectively. The end surface 213 of the concentrator 209 is made convex: conical (Fig. 54), spherical (Fig. 56) or in the form of a hyperboloid of revolution (Fig. 56), and on the lateral surface of the concentrator 209 is made (Fig. 54) a multi-screw helical groove 214 is desirable. The nozzle 206 is equipped (Fig. 57) with a diffuser nozzle 215 and is made with heated elements 216. It is possible to produce an ultrasonic atomizer in the form (Fig. 58) of an ultrasound source 208 with an oscillation concentrator 209 made with an axial channel 217 in communication with the concentrate supply pipe 196 through thing 218, located on the zero-displacement line of the hub 209. At the same time, on the surface of the axial channel 217 a preferably multi-screw helical groove 219. supply of concentrate with a spray.

 The line works as follows.

 When using pomace as a raw material (Fig. 1), they are crushed in a grinder 1, diluted with water and homogenized in a mixer homogenizer 2, sometimes with the addition of solutions of food acids or alcohol, the resulting mixture is sterilized in a sterilizer 3 and transferred to a bioreactor 4 for fermentation, into which seed is simultaneously introduced from the tank 7. After the fermentation is completed, the biomass is separated from the culture fluid in the filter unit 5, and the culture fluid is concentrated in the apparatus 6 for concentration.

 When processing berries growing in clusters (Fig. 2), the raw materials are washed in a washing machine 8, inspected on a conveyor 9, frozen in a chamber 11, defrosted in a means 12, the ridges are separated on a machine 10, crushed in a grinder 1, the crushed raw materials are mixed with water or with an aqueous solution of food acid or alcohol in a homogenizer-mixer 2, sterilized in a sterilizer 3, fermented in a bioreactor 4 when feeding seed from a tank 7, the culture fluid is separated from the biomass in a filter unit 5, concentrated in an apparatus 6 for the end nitration and agglomerate the concentrate on the carrier during evaporation in the apparatus 13 to obtain a granular dye suitable for long-term storage.

 When processing beets (Fig. 3), they inspect it on a conveyor 9, wash it in a machine 8, cut the tails and tops in a machine 14, clean the skin in a machine 15, carry out magnetic processing and plasmolysis in machines 16 and 17, grind it in a grinder 1, separate juice from the squeezes in the machine 18, after which the juice and squeezes are separately mixed with the liquid component in the homogenizer-mixers 2, sterilized in the sterilizers 3, fermented in the bioreactors 4 when feeding seed from containers 7, the culture fluid is separated from the biomass in the filtering units kach 5, after which the culture fluid obtained at both positions of the fermentation is concentrated in the apparatus 6 for concentration.

 When using red cabbage (Fig. 4) as a raw material, cover leaves are removed from it in machine 19, washed in machine 8, drilled stumps in machine 20, inspected on a conveyor 9, ground in a grinder 1, mixed with liquid in a homogenizer-mixer 2 sterilized in a heat sterilizer 3, cooled in a cooler 21, fermented in a bioreactor 4 when seed is supplied from a container 7, the culture fluid is separated from the biomass in the filter unit 5, and the culture fluid is concentrated in the concentrator 6 education.

 When using stone fruits as a raw material (Fig. 5), they are washed in a machine 8, the stalks are separated in a machine 22, inspected on a conveyor 9, the bones are removed in a machine 23, crushed in a grinder 1, subjected to plasmolysis in an electroplasma 17, mixed with liquid in homogenizer-mixer 2, sterilized in sterilizer 3 and fermented in bioreactor 4 when feeding inoculum from tank 7, the culture fluid is separated from biomass in filtering unit 5 and concentrated in apparatus 6.

 When using any type of raw material, except stone fruit, the aggregate shown in FIG. 6, in which the berries after separation of the ridges, washing and inspection, beets after inspection, washing, trimming the protruding parts and peeling, red cabbage after removing the leaves, washing, drilling the pokers and inspection, and squeezes directly come from the hopper 25 into the housing 24 , where they are captured by cutting 39 rotated from the engine 28 through the transmission 29 of the main screw 27. The processed raw materials enter the gap zone 38 of the screw thread 39 and interact with the elements of the cutting mechanism with knives 40 or shafts 46.

 The knives 40 (Fig. 6-9) are oriented by turning the flanges 43 and fixing the latch 45 so that their cutting edges 41 are directed against the raw material velocity vector, the direction of which depends on the adhesion of the raw material to the inner surface 51 of the housing 24, the body and the thread 39 of the main screw 27, which ensures the minimum hydraulic resistance of the cutting mechanism. The fineness of grinding with knives 40 is determined by their axial movement along the thread 42 in the flanges 42 and fixing by a nut 44.

 Shafts 46 (Fig. 10, 11), rotated synchronously by kinematic coupling 47 from the drive 48, periodically open and close the gap at the inner surface 51 of the housing 24 and at the body of the screw 27. In this case, the feed pumped by cutting 39 enters the open gap and this parts when closing the gap.

 Simultaneously, when grinding raw materials due to the supply of current from phases 86 and 87 of the source to the housing 24 and screw 27, plasmolysis of the crushed raw materials occurs, violating the integrity of the cell walls and cell contents.

 The crushed raw material enters the separator, where, moving along the helical groove 56 of the sleeve 55, the crushed fraction through the holes 58 of the perforated part 53 of the torpedo enters the cavity 33. In this case, the reduction in the cross-sectional area of the groove 56 and the back pressure created by the cone 57 regulates the quality of separation of the business fraction from the waste . The sloping side of the profile of the groove 56 of the sleeve 55 contributes to punching (Fig. 13) or removing (Fig. 14) particles of raw materials stuck in the holes 58 of the perforated part 53 of the torpedo. Moreover, the expansion of the holes 58 towards the plane 33 facilitates the free exit of the business fraction from the hole 58. Waste in the form of seeds of berries, the remains of ridges or debris along the helical groove 56 of the sleeve 55 goes to the locking cone 57, the opening force of which is set by compressing the elastic element 61 with the nut 62 (Fig. 6), the elastic element 70 with a nut 69 (Fig. 17) or the actuation force of the safety valve 64 of the actuator 63 (Fig. 15). With an increase in the amount of waste, the pressure in the channel 56 of the sleeve 55 and on the locking cone 57 increases, which leads to deformation of the elastic element 61 and the cone 57 to move along the smooth part 54 of the torpedo from the sleeve 55, to increase the passage section of the last turn of its groove 56 and to remove the increased amount of waste into the tray 30, or the withdrawal of the cone 57 with the piston of the master cylinder 63 when the working medium is discharged through the safety valve 64, or when idling, the coupling halves of the safety coupling 68 and the axial movement of the rail 65 with the cone 57 and turning gear 66. An increase in the bore of the last turn of the groove 56 of the sleeve 55 occurs until the pressure in it reaches a predetermined value. With a decrease in the amount of pressure waste in the channel 56 of the sleeve 55 and on the cone 57 falls below a predetermined, while the elastic element 61 due to its own elasticity, the power cylinder 63 due to the overlap of the safety valve 64 and a set of additional volume of the working medium in its volume or the engine 87 at the clutch 68 engages through the gear 66 and the rail 65 moves the cone 57 to reduce the output section of the last turn of the groove 56, limited by equalizing the pressure at a predetermined value, which prevents the discharge of business fraction in the field approx 30 to remove waste. Thus, the degree of squeezing the business fraction from the waste is adjusted automatically.

 From the cavity 33 of the screw 27 and the smooth 54 and perforated 53 parts of the torpedo, the business fraction is transported by cutting 49 of the additional screw 31 due to its asynchronous movement to the main screw 27 through transmission 34 by the drive 28. In the section from the separator to the liquid supply channel 26 by reducing the area of the cutting channel 49 additional screw 31 occurs (in the case of using fresh raw materials if necessary), the juice is squeezed out and its squeeze is removed when removed through the perforation 89 into the juice collector 90.

 In the crushed (and squeezed) raw materials through the channel 26 serves a liquid additive, for example water or an aqueous solution of alcohol or food acid. Mixing of raw materials with liquid is carried out in areas with a change in cutting direction 49. At the same time, when moving raw materials in the magnetic field of magnet 88, its natural hydrolytic enzymes are activated and the surviving cellular structures of the raw material are macerated.

 When using the squeeze drive as a raw material, the drive 28, 29 of the main screw 27 and using any type of raw material, the drive 28, 34 of the additional screw 31 is made in the form of a circular drive, and their cutting 39 and 49 are made, as shown in FIG. 12. In this case, the movement of the screws 27 and 31 in the forward direction due to the difference in the roughness of the surfaces 50 and 51 leads to the slipping of the raw material relative to the pressing surface 50 when adhering to the surface 51, which leads to the progressive movement of the raw materials along the screw channel of the cuts 39 and 49, and when the screws 27 and 31 are reversed, the raw materials slip over the surface 31 when engaged with the pressure surface, which leads to the circumferential movement of the raw materials together with the screws 27 and 31 without axial movement in the opposite direction Avlenie. This movement of raw materials leads to a cyclical change in pressure in it, which contributes to its compaction and elimination of voids in the channel 39 of the cutting of the main screw 27 and to improve the quality of plasmolysis due to the equalization of the ohmic resistance of the raw materials in volume, and in the channel of the cutting 49 of the additional screw 31 to improve juice separation and mixing quality under the influence of variable pressure.

 The mixture of raw materials with liquid additives enters the free end of the additional screw 31 into the zone of the nozzle outlet 37 of the housing 24, where the pressure in the mixture increases. In order to avoid the formation of reverse flows in the screw channel of the thread 49 at the output end of the screw 31, it is made intermittent. Moreover, the inclination of side 73 provides free passage of the mixture to the end of the screw 31 due to the direction of the pressure force at an angle to it, and the surfaces 71, perpendicular to the axis of the screw 31, being perpendicular to the direction of the back pressure arising in the area of the hole 37, prevent the mixture from leaking back into screw channel cutting 49. At the same time, the inclination of the surfaces 71 and 73 of the sections 72 of intermittent cutting contributes to intensive mixing of the components of the mixture.

 The mixture arriving at the nozzle opening 37 interacts with the part of the oscillation concentrator 36 protruding from the channel 32 and oscillated from the ultrasound source 35. This leads to the transfer of energy of ultrasonic vibrations of the mixture and the destruction of microorganisms of the spore and vegetative forms in it under the influence of developing cavitational changes in pressure and pressure of the ultrasonic wave. This allows you to sterilize the mixture, preventing its heating to temperatures of destruction of thermolabile dyes. To increase the reliability of sterilization by increasing the amount of energy transferred from the ultrasound source 35, a helical groove 80 is made on the surface of the concentrator 36, which develops the surface and contact time, and if it is directed in the opposite direction to the cutting direction 49 of the screw 31, an increasing and mixing effect. The thermal energy of the magnetostrictor 82 is utilized in a cooling jacket 83, the liquid from which is supplied from the pipe 84 through the pipe 85 is fed into the channel 26 to enhance the sterilizing effect and improve the diffusion of the liquid in the crushed raw materials.

 A mixture of raw materials moving along the lateral surface of the concentrator 36 due to the pressure created by cutting 49 of the additional screw 31 and the rarefaction occurring at the end surface of the concentrator due to its vibrations enters the nozzle hole 37 of the housing 24 and is sprayed from the end surface of the concentrator under the action of its ultrasonic vibrations and carrier gas supplied through an opening 79 and a channel 78 in the concentrator 36 and channel 74 heated by elements 76, together with additional components supplied through the channel 75. P and passing through the electret 77 applies a static electric charge on the spray mixture, which contributes to better mixing and enhancing sterilization effect in the flow of the sprayed mixture, which is a carrier of an ultrasonic wave. The passage of the dispersion by the mixture flow of the confuser nozzle 81 leads to the movement of the particles of the stream along intersecting paths, which improves mixing and homogenization of the mixture sprayed to a particle size of 0.1 μm. The homogenized sterile mixture enters the bioreactor 4, where simultaneously prepared seed is fed from the tank 7.

 The squeezed juice from the juice collector 90 enters the additional sterilizer 91. The operation of the additional sterilizer 91, depending on the embodiment, may occur according to one of the following schemes.

 The juice enters (Fig. 39) through the nozzle 157 into the axial channel 156 of the concentrator 155, which is oscillated from the ultrasound source 154, and moves along the helical groove 162 to the end surface of the concentrator 155, with which it is sprayed together with the liquid component into the cavity of the bioreactor 4. For the time of passage through the channel 156, spraying and flight in the form of a stream of dispersed particles voiced by an ultrasonic wave, the mixture is sterilized due to the received energy of ultrasound and thermal energy of dissipated ultrasonic vibrations.

 In another embodiment, the juice and the additional liquid component are supplied (Fig. 41, 42) through the nozzle 158 through the annular cavity 160 of the nozzle 159 or (Fig. 40) directly to the side surface of the concentrator 155, on which the mixture, moving along the helical groove 162, is sprayed along reaching the end surface. Moreover, due to the dissipation of ultrasonic energy and the transfer of its mixture, it is sterilized. The presence of the nozzle 159 and the annular cavity 180 in the additional sterilizer allows you to evenly distribute the mixture on the surface of the concentrator 155 in the gap 161 and create a hydraulic shutter that prevents secondary contamination of the sterile mixture with microorganisms from the environment.

 When using a thermal sterilizer-cooler (Figs. 43-45), the mixture is fed through a nozzle 165 into a screw channel 168 between the thermostatically controlled heating element 163, the housing 164 and the cowling 167. The protrusions 172 turbulent the product flow, excluding the formation of a wall luminar layer and the formation of a burn on a heated the surface of the housing 164. During the movement along the channel 168, the mixture is sterilized and through the hole 171 enters the internal cavity of the fairing 167, which prevents the dissipation of thermal energy of the sterile product due to t its recycling through the radome 167 into a stream of input non-sterile product and leads to a cooling of the sterile product to the fermentation temperature. To create a gentle temperature regime at the outlet pipe 166, an adjustable throttle valve 173 is installed, with which the sterilization pressure and the rate of product cooling at the outlet of the additional sterilizer-cooler are set. To facilitate the maintenance of the sterilizer-cooler, the helical channel 168 is carried out by winding along the groove 169 of the elastic hole 170, which bends, freeing the gap between the housing 164 and the fairing 167, when washing the apparatus.

 Grinding stone fruits such as cherries, barberries, dogwood is carried out on the machine shown in FIG. 46-50, on which the fruits from the bookmark 175 are individually delivered into the gap between the belts 178 of the conveyors 176 and pierced by spikes 179. The fruits are centered independently of the orientation automatically when the elastic elements 180 are abutted against the bone of the spikes 179. Further, the tarsporters 176 during synchronous drive operation 177 move the fruit through paired knives 181 with crescent-shaped edges that cut the fruit pulp to the bone and, turning relative to the axes 182, go around the bone body to its maximum size in a plane perpendicular to the bone 178 there conveyor 176. Then, the elastic members 183 as the knife 181 from escaping bone returned to their original position, completing the cut fruit along a closed line. The bone is removed from the incised fruit by closing a pair of grippers 185 (Fig. 49) or when interacting with a curly plate 184 (Fig. 48) when turning conveyors 176 and is removed from the machine. Halves of the fruit come under pressure rolls 186, under the action of which they are pressed, crushed, through mesh belts 178 onto the tray 188 to drain the crushed raw materials. In the process of forcing, the drive 187 of radial vibrations of the rolls 186 compacts the crushed raw material, which is simultaneously subjected to plasmolysis while passing current from the source 189 through the tapes 178 and the rolls 186.

 During the processing of beets, the root crops from the calibrator 148 or without it enter the tray 134 on the moving bottom 135 with holes 137 for the protruding parts to enter. The movement of the bottom 135 from the drive 136 and the interaction with the braking elements 139 leads to the orientation of the beets and the tails and tops getting into the holes 137. In this case, the knives 138, moved from the drive 142 by means of carriers 144 and axles 143 and 145, interact with the protruding parts beets, weed into holes 137, and cut them. Further movement of the beets along the tray 134 leads to the entry of opposing protruding parts into the openings 137 and their cutting when interacting with the knives 138. At the same time, when water and abrasive are supplied from nozzles 140, the contaminants are washed off from the surface of the beets and skin is removed. Trimmed tops and ponytails, washed away dirt, broken skin and wastewater and abrasive through openings 137 get onto the tray 141 and removed from the machine, and the processed beets when the annular tray 134 is closed by the sashes 151 due to their rotation relative to the axes 150 by the lever system 152 from the drive 153 or directly when using the straight tray 134 enters the bypass tray 146 and is removed for grinding.

 Grinding can also be carried out using the machine shown in FIG. 31, in which the feed from the hopper 119 through the lock feeder 124 enters the housing 118, and then transported through it by the screw 121. At the same time, liquefied gas, for example carbon dioxide, enters the housing 118 through the dispenser 126 from the supply means 125. When compaction of the raw materials due to friction and geometric compression of the screw 121, the raw materials are impregnated with liquefied gas, after which the impregnated raw material enters the perforation 133, the presence of which in the housing 118 ensures boiling of the liquefied gas with a sharp drop in pressure, explosion of plant cells, breaking of intercellular bonds, freezing of raw materials and gas removal during adiabatic expansion with heat absorption. The crushed raw material enters the locking element 122 and presses it away from the housing 118 by pressure, opening the outlet 120. The oscillation of the element 122 from the ultrasound source 123 leads to the dissipation of the energy of ultrasonic vibrations into the raw material and its defrostation. Variations in the performance of the screw 121, which depends on the fractional composition of the crushed raw materials and the fill factor of the channel for cutting the screw 121, is compensated by adjusting the cross section of the outlet 120 when moving the locking element 122 in the cavity 127 of the screw 121 by means of back pressure connected to the element 122 along its zero displacement line, for example, the deformation of the springs 128, fixed in the flanges 129 and 130 with the possibility of adjusting the degree of pre-tension by moving the nuts 132 on the studs 131.

 The crushed raw material, homogenized with a liquid additive in the form of water, acid or alcohol, enters the bioreactor 4 simultaneously with the inoculum (inoculum) of microorganisms of citric acid or alcoholic fermentation. The bioreactor 4 can be made in the form of a container with trays (not shown) for surface cultivation of the microorganism or in the form of a container (Fig. 21) with a stirrer 92 and a bubbler 93, 94, 97 for deep cultivation under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.

 During deep cultivation, the nutrient mixture (substrate) with the inoculum is mixed in the cavity of the bioreactor 4 with the rotation of the blade 96 through the shaft 95 from the drive (not shown). At the same time, sterile gas with oxygen is supplied through the cavities 93 of the shaft 95 and 94 of the blade 96 to the hole 97 using aerobic microflora, for example Aspergillus niger, or without it using an anaerobic culture, for example Candida utilus. The exhaust gas medium and carbon dioxide produced during the life of microorganisms are removed from the cavity of the bioreactor 4 through a pipe 98, protected by an ultrafilter 99 with a source of ultrasound 100 from the removal of spores of microorganisms, for example Penicillim citrinum. The fermented substrate with biomass from the bioreactor 4 is transferred to the filtering unit after reducing the content of ballast substances, for example, soluble carbohydrates, to an acceptable value.

 The source fluid supplied tangentially through the nozzle 103 into the housing 101 of the filter unit is lifted in a spiral. At the same time, the rotation of the ultrafiltration element 102 from the drive 106 creates a high tangential component of the velocity of the initial liquid relative to its surface. The pressure difference between the inlet pipe 103 and the biomass outlet pipe 104, controlled by the valve 108, leads to the passage of part of the liquid through the ultrafiltration element 102 into its cavity. Filtered biomass is thrown to the periphery of the casing 101 from the surface of the ultrafiltration element 102 in the field of centrifugal forces, which ensures self-cleaning of the ultrafiltration element 102. The presence of a groove 107 on the surface of the ultrafiltration element 102 allows you to develop a filter surface while maintaining overall dimensions and reduce the hydraulic resistance of the ultrafiltration element 102. Truncated conical the shape of the element 102 provides an increase in centrifugal force as the biomass concentration increases. The hydraulic resistance of the passage of the source fluid and the lack of the possibility of stratified displacement of the source fluid with different biomass contents are ensured by the presence of a spiral guide 109 moved with the sleeve 110 along the thread 111 in the housing 101. As a result, the biomass with the given hydraulic resistance of the system with moisture is discharged through the nozzle 104, and the filtrate with dye enters the gap between the ultrafiltration 102 and the reverse osmosis 112 elements, where similarly, with the drive 114 and without it, moisture is separated separated from the dye and removal of branch pipes 113 and 105 respectively. It should be noted that the longitudinal grooves 115 or blades 116 on the inner surface of the ultrafiltration element 102 increases the adhesion of the filtrate with it and the relative velocity of the filtrate along the surface of the reverse osmosis element 112, increasing the reliability of its self-cleaning. The dye concentrate from the nozzle 105 enters the packaging or into the nozzle 196 of the apparatus 13 for sintering.

 In the agglomeration apparatus 13, the concentrate through the pipe 196 enters the jacket 221 of the magnetostrictor 220 of the ultrasound source 208, from where it passes through the pipe 222 to the atomizer through the nozzle 218 into the axial channel 217 of the concentrator 209 or the annular cavity 207 of the nozzle 206 and the gap 210 to the side surface of the concentrator 209, then along a helical groove 214 or 219 to an end surface 213 made convex to increase the spray angle. During this time, the concentrate accumulates the heat of dissipation of electricity in the magnetostrictor 220, the heat of dissipation of ultrasonic vibrations on the hub 209 and the heat of the heaters 216, after which it is sprayed from the end surface 213, acquiring a static charge, interacting with the electret 212. The flow of dispersed concentrate due to ejection in the diffuser nozzle 215 and the shape of the surface 213 with a wide cone enters the axial part of the apparatus 13 for agglomeration. It should be noted that the sprayed concentrate stream is a carrier of an ultrasonic wave.

 At the same time, when compressed gas is supplied through the nozzle 193, the carrier is loaded up, loaded into the housing 190 through the hatch 191, and it is transported along the spiral channel of the guide 199 to the upper part of the housing 190, where, when interacting with the guide cone 200, the carrier enters the axial part of the apparatus 13. Interaction media with an electret 211 on the inner surface of the housing 190 leads to the accumulation on the media of a static electric charge with a potential opposite to the potential flow of the concentrate. Due to mixing in a turbulent swirling flow, electrostatic attraction forces and the coagulating effect of an ultrasonic wave, the particles of the concentrate settle on the carrier. In this case, the static charge of the same particles of the carrier or concentrate prevents coagulation of the same particles of the carrier or concentrate prevents coagulation of the same particles and promotes uniform distribution of the concentrate on the carrier. The carrier with the particles of concentrate settled on it enters the inclined bottom 194, along which it is poured towards the nozzle 193, where it is sprinkled and enters the screw channel along the guide 199. Thermal energy of the gas stream, dissipative heating during friction against the housing 190 and the guide 199, and infrared radiation of the source 201, emitting when passing current from the source 203 through the spikes 204 and 205, leads to evaporation of moisture, drying and crystallization of the dye on the carrier. Mixing of the carrier of various humidity, its hanging on the spiral guide 199 or pollination with a dispersed concentrate stream is excluded until the channel shape and the inner forming guide 199 completely dry. After drying, the carrier interacts with the cone 200 and enters the axial part of the apparatus 13 for re-wetting with concentrate, and the exhaust gas is removed through a filter 197 through a nozzle 195. The emitted small particles of the dye and carrier are held by the filter 197, from which they are discharged by their own weight and coagulating effect of ultrasound source 198 and return to the cycle. After the agglomeration is completed, the superconcentrate on the carrier is removed from the apparatus 13 through the hatch 192.

 Thus, the proposed line allows one to obtain a dye free from ballast substances, it is possible to stabilize with citric acid with high quality indicators, such as shelf life, color stability and color preservation in an alkaline environment from any types of anthocyanin-containing plant materials, including waste from juice and wine-making. In addition, the line allows you to maximize the dye yield by reducing the possibility of thermal degradation of dyes with almost complete elimination of thermal effects on them and facilitating mass transfer processes with completely destroyed cellular structure of the raw material.

Claims (125)

 1. LINE FOR PRODUCTION OF RED FOOD DYE, including a chopper, a sterilizer, a bioreactor, a filtering unit, a concentrating apparatus and a seed preparation container connected to a bioreactor, characterized in that it is equipped with a homogenizer-mixer installed between the grinder and the sterilizer and associated with fluid supply means.  2. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a washing machine installed in front of the grinder.  3. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a machine for separating the ridges installed between the washer and the grinder.  4. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a freezer and deorostation means installed in series in front of the grinder.  5. The line according to claim 4, characterized in that the freezer is equipped with means for supplying liquefied gas to it and means for draining the pressure.  6. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with machines for trimming the tops and shanks of beets and peeling, installed behind the washer.  7. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with machines for removing cover leaves from the heads and removing stitches installed in front of and behind the washer, respectively.  8. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a machine for separating juice from squeezes installed behind the grinder, behind which the line is made of two parallel circuits connected behind the filter units.  9. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with machines for separating the stalks and pitting, mounted in series in front of the chopper.  10. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an inspection conveyor installed behind the washer.  11. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a cooler installed behind the sterilizer.  12. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an apparatus for agglomeration, installed behind the apparatus for concentration and connected to it in a liquid phase.  13. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an electric plasmolizer installed behind the grinder in front of the homogenizer-mixer.  14. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a magnetic processing machine installed directly behind the grinder.  15. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the chopper, homogenizer-mixer and sterilizer are made in the form of a housing with a loading hopper and a channel for supplying liquid, inside of which a drive hollow main screw, a cutting mechanism, a separator with a waste tray are installed in series , an additional drive auger with an axial channel installed in the cavity of the main auger, and an ultrasound source with a vibration concentrator installed in the axial channel of an additional auger, the drive of the main and additional auger the forge is made asynchronous, the fluid supply channel is located in the housing behind the separator, the housing is made with a nozzle outlet located beyond the output end of the additional screw, and the ultrasonic source oscillation concentrator is protruding from the axial channel of the additional screw and is installed with the free end in the nozzle opening of the housing to form relative to its inner surface of the annular gap.  16. The line according to clause 15, wherein the main screw of the chopper - homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer is made with breaks of the screw cut, and elements of the cutting mechanism are installed in these breaks.  17. The line according to clause 16, characterized in that the elements of the cutting mechanism are made in the form of rod knives with cutting edges mounted perpendicularly to the axis of the main screw.  18. The line according to 17, characterized in that the core knives are installed at least in pairs in each perpendicular axis of the main screw of the plane.  19. The line according to p. 18, characterized in that in each plane the core knives are installed with a constant step along an arc coaxial with the main auger of the circle.  20. The line according to 17, characterized in that the core knives are installed in the housing with the possibility of axial movement and fixation.  21. The line according to 17, characterized in that the core knives are installed in the housing with the possibility of circumferential movement and fixation.  22. The line according to clause 16, characterized in that the elements of the cutting mechanism are made in the form of drive shafts with a cross-sectional profile in the form of a regular convex polygon with a diameter of the circumference described equal to the depth of the screw thread of the main screw mounted crosswise with the main screw with a clearance of relatively his body and body.  23. The line according to item 22, wherein the drive shafts are located in each perpendicular axis of the main screw of the plane at least in pairs and are connected by a kinematic connection with a common drive.  24. The line according to claim 15, characterized in that the drive of the main and / or additional screw of the grinder of the mixer homogenizer-sterilizer is made in the form of a circular drive, and the screw threads of the screw connected to the circular drive are made with a profile in the form of a rectangular trapezoid , with a large base facing the auger body, a larger lateral side to the feed hopper, and the side surface of the cutting turns from the side facing the outlet is made with a roughness less than that of the inside the surface of the hull, and with the side facing the feed hopper, with a roughness greater than that of the inner surface of the hull.  25. The line according to claim 15, characterized in that the separator of the grinder - homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer is made in the form of a hollow torpedo with perforated and smooth parts mounted on the main screw, coaxial with the sleeve with a helical groove on the inner surface, fixed in the housing with the formation running clearance relative to the perforated part of the torpedo and the locking cone mounted in the housing with the possibility of axial movement of a relatively smooth part of the torpedo, and the last turn of the sleeve groove communicated with the tray m for removal of waste.  26. The line according A.25, characterized in that the perforation of the torpedo is made expanding towards its cavity.  27. The line according A.25, characterized in that the separator sleeve is made with a cross section of a helical groove, the area of which decreases in the direction of the locking cone.  28. The line according to item 27, wherein the screw groove of the sleeve is made with a constant width and decreasing depth towards the locking cone.  29. The line according A.25, characterized in that the separator sleeve is made with a profile of a helical groove in the form of a rectangular trapezoid with an inclined lateral side facing the locking cone.  30. The line according A.25, characterized in that the separator is equipped with adjustable back pressure, connected to the locking cone.  31. The line according to claim 30, characterized in that the means of adjustable backpressure are made in the form of an elastic element fixed between the body or the smooth part of the torpedo and the locking cone of the elastic element, which is configured to adjust the degree of preliminary compression.  32. The line according to claim 30, characterized in that the means of the adjustable back pressure of the separator are made in the form of a power cylinder with an adjustable safety valve.  33. The line according to claim 30, characterized in that the means of the adjustable back pressure of the separator are made in the form of an axial displacement drive connected to the engine through a safety friction or cam clutch with an adjustable compression ratio of the compression spring.  34. The line according to clause 15, wherein the additional screw of the chopper of the homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer is made with the direction of the screw thread, which can be changed to the opposite even number of times.  35. The line according to clause 15, wherein the additional screw of the chopper of the homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer is made with discontinuous screw threading from the side of the outlet of the housing, and its side facing the outlet of the housing is made perpendicular to the axis of the additional screw.  36. The line according to clause 15, characterized in that the housing of the chopper - homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer is made with at least one additional supply channel in communication with the outlet.  37. The line according to clause 36, wherein the at least one additional channel is in communication with a source of supply of sterile gas under pressure.  38. The line according to clause 37, wherein the additional supply channels in communication with the source of supply of sterile gas under pressure, made heated.  39. The line of claim 15, wherein the inner surface of the outlet opening of the chopper body of the homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer is made of an electret electrizator.  40. The line of claim 15, wherein the oscillation concentrator of the ultrasound source is made with an axial channel in communication with the sterile gas source under pressure.  41. The line of claim 15, wherein the oscillation concentrator of the ultrasound source is made with a helical groove on the side surface.  42. The line according to paragraph 41, wherein the helical groove is made multiple.  43. The line according to paragraphs 41 and 42, characterized in that the helical groove on the lateral surface of the concentrator is made with a direction opposite to the cutting direction at the free end of the additional screw.  44. The line according to clause 15, wherein the nozzle hole of the chopper body of the homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer is equipped with a confuser nozzle.  45. The line of claim 15, wherein the ultrasound source is in the form of a magnetostrictor with a liquid cooling system associated with a channel for supplying liquid to the housing.  46. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the bioreactor is made with a bubbler and / or mixer.  47. The line of claim 46, wherein the bioreactor bubbler is connected to a source of sterile gas under pressure.  48. The line according to item 47, wherein the blade and shaft of the mixer are hollow, and the cavity of the mixer is communicated through openings with the cavity of the bioreactor and through the cavity of the shaft with a source of sterile gas under pressure.  49. The line according to item 46, wherein the bioreactor is made with an exhaust pipe equipped with ultraviolet light.  50. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter installation is made in the form of a housing mounted coaxially with the clearance of the drive hollow ultrafiltration element, a supply pipe for the initial fluid and a biomass discharge pipe located in the housing at opposite ends of the ultrafiltration element and in communication with the gap between the inner surface of the housing and the outer surface of the ultrafiltration element, and the outlet pipe of the filtrate located on the axis of the housing and in communication with the cavity of the ultrafiltration element.  51. The line according to item 50, wherein the source fluid supply pipe is installed tangentially in the side wall of the filter unit housing.  52. The line according to p. 50, characterized in that the biomass outlet pipe is equipped with adjustable stop valves.  53. The line according to claim 52, characterized in that the shutoff valves of the biomass outlet pipe are made in the form of an adjustable safety valve.  54. The line according to item 50, wherein the ultrafiltration element is made with at least one groove on the side surface.  55. The line according to item 54, wherein the groove on the side surface of the ultrafiltration element is made circular.  56. The line according to item 54, wherein the groove on the side surface of the ultrafiltration element is made screw. 57. The line according to item 54, wherein the groove on the side surface of the ultrafiltration element is made with a profile in the form of a trapezoid, a large base facing the outer surface of the ultrafiltration element, and angles with a larger base of not more than 90 ^o or in the form of a triangle, the larger side facing the outer surface of the ultrafiltration element.  58. The line according to item 50, wherein the ultrafiltration element is made truncated conical, placed a large base to the branch pipe of the biomass.  59. The line according to item 50, wherein the filtering unit is equipped with a spiral guide installed in the gap between the housing and the ultrafiltration element.  60. The line as claimed in claim 59, wherein the spiral guide of the filtering unit is made with a step decreasing towards the biomass branch pipe.  61. The line according to item 60, wherein the filter unit is equipped with a sleeve placed with the possibility of axial movement and fixation between the housing and the spiral guide, and the latter is mounted on the sleeve.  62. The line according to item 50, wherein the filter unit is equipped with a hollow reverse osmosis element coaxial with the housing and a moisture removal pipe in communication with the cavity of the reverse osmosis element installed in the cavity of the ultrafiltration element.  63. The line according to claim 62, characterized in that longitudinal grooves are made on the inner surface of the ultrafiltration element of the filter unit.  64. The line according to paragraph 62, wherein the ultrafiltration element of the filter unit is made with longitudinal blades on the inner surface, and the blades are made with a height less than the gap between the ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis elements.  65. The line according to p. 62, characterized in that the reverse osmosis element of the filter unit is equipped with a drive opposite the ultrafiltration element of rotation.  66. A line according to claim 65, characterized in that the reverse osmosis element of the filtering installation is made with at least one groove on the outer side surface.  67. The line according to p. 66, characterized in that the groove on the side surface of the reverse osmosis element of the filter unit is made circular.  68. The line according to p, characterized in that the groove on the side surface of the reverse osmosis element of the filter installation is made screw. 69. The line according to p. 66, characterized in that the groove on the side surface of the reverse osmosis element of the filter unit is made with a profile in the form of a trapezoid, a large base facing the outer surface of the reverse osmosis element, and angles with a larger base of not more than 90 ^o or in the form of a triangle, the larger side facing the outer surface of the reverse osmosis element.  70. The line according to paragraph 62, wherein the reverse osmosis element is made of a truncated conical, placed a large base to the outlet pipe of the filtrate, and the pipe drain moisture is installed on the side of the smaller base.  71. The line according to p. 62, characterized in that the branch pipe of the filtrate outlet is equipped with adjustable stop valves.  72. The line according to p. 71, characterized in that the shutoff valves of the filtrate outlet pipe are made in the form of an adjustable safety valve.  73. The line according to p. 5, characterized in that the freezer, defrosting means and chopper are made in the form of a housing with a loading hopper and an outlet located in the housing of the drive auger, a locking element associated with an ultrasound source, a lock feeder located in the hopper , and means of dosed supply into the housing of liquefied gas, and the auger is made with a screw channel, the cross-sectional area of which from the side of the hopper is larger than from the side of the locking element.  74. The line according to claim 73, characterized in that an axial cavity is made in the end face of the screw facing the locking element, and the locking element is conical-cylindrical with a cylindrical part located on the side of the screw, with the possibility of axial movement in its cavity and connected along the line its zero displacements with adjustable backpressure.  75. The line according to p. 74, characterized in that the housing above the locking element is perforated.  76. The line according to claim 6, characterized in that the washer and the machine for trimming the tops and beets of the beets are made in the form of a tray for transporting beets with a movable bottom connected to the drive, made with holes for the entry of the tail and tops of beets installed under the bottom of the drive knives fixed above the bottom of the elastic braking elements, nozzles communicated with water supply means and located above the bottom between the braking elements, and a waste tray placed under the knives.  77. The line according to p. 76, characterized in that the tray for transporting beets is made straightforward, and the knives are paired and centrally symmetrical, mounted perpendicular to each other with the possibility of synchronous rotation from the drive on the central axes, mounted in a centrally symmetrical carrier mounted under the bottom of the tray for transporting beets rotatably from the drive relative to the central axis, and the knives are made with a length of more than 0.5 and less than 0.75 of the distance between the axes of rotation.  78. The line according to p. 77, characterized in that the pair of knives are made with a profile of the cutting edges in the form of a quarter circle and a quarter ellipse bounded by two main axes, successively paired from the axis of rotation, the smaller of which coincides with the radius of the quarter circle.  79. The line according to p. 76, characterized in that the tray is made circular, and the braking elements and knives are installed radially, and the drives for moving the bottom of the tray and knives are made asynchronous.  80. The line according to p. 76, characterized in that it is equipped with abrasive feed means in communication with nozzles mounted above the beet transporting tray.  81. The line according to p. 76, characterized in that it is equipped with a calibrator, and the beet transportation tray is divided by partitions, between which the holes in the bottom are made increasing in the direction of installation of the calibrator for cutting the tops and beets of the beets of the corresponding calibrated fraction.  82. The line according to p, characterized in that the nozzle is installed obliquely to the bottom of the tray for transporting beets.  83. The line according to claims 8 and 15, characterized in that the additional screw is made with a cross-sectional area of the cutting channel, decreasing from the separator to the liquid supply channel, and increasing behind it, the housing being made from the separator to the liquid supply channel perforated, under it there is a juice collector connected with an additional sterilizer.  84. The line according to p, characterized in that the additional sterilizer is made in the form of an ultrasound source with an oscillation concentrator and means for supplying juice from the juice collector to the end surface of the concentrator.  85. The line of claim 84, wherein the means for supplying juice to the end surface of the concentrator is made in the form of an axial channel in the concentrator and a nozzle placed on its lateral surface on a line of zero displacements in communication with the axial channel and the juice collector. 86. Line p, characterized in that the fitting is installed at an angle of 45 ^o to the axis of the hub.  87. The line of claim 84, wherein the means for supplying juice to the end surface of the concentrator is made in the form of a nozzle for supplying juice to the side surface of the concentrator.  88. The line according to p. 87, characterized in that the additional sterilizer is equipped with a nozzle, and on its inner surface there is an annular cavity in communication with the juice supply pipe, and the concentrator is placed with a gap in the nozzle channel.  89. Line p, characterized in that the nozzle of the additional sterilizer is installed in the wall of the bioreactor.  90. The line of claim 85, wherein a screw thread is made on the inner surface of the axial channel of the hub.  91. The line according to claim 87, characterized in that a screw thread is made on the side surface of the additional sterilizer concentrator.  92. The line of claims 90 and 91, characterized in that the screw thread is multi-start.  93. The line according to paragraphs 11 and 83, characterized in that the additional sterilizer-cooler is made in the form of a hollow cylindrical thermostatic housing with inlet and outlet nozzles installed in the housing coaxial with it a hollow cylindrical fairing with a helical groove on the side surface and an opening communicating with the cavity of the fairing with a helical groove, moreover, the inlet pipe is made communicating with the helical groove of the fairing, and the output with the cavity of the fairing, the fairing is installed so that its opening is located opposite false side of the inlet and outlet nozzles of the housing.  94. The line according to p. 93, characterized in that the helical groove of the fairing of the sterilizer-cooler is made with a smoothly cyclically changing depth.  95. The line according to p. 93, characterized in that an adjustable throttle valve is installed on the outlet pipe of the sterilizer-cooler.  96. The line according to claim 9, characterized in that the pitting machine and the chopper are made in the form of sequentially mounted on the bed hopper for piece feeding of fruits, two belt conveyors installed in parallel with a gap, the belts of which are mesh and have spring-loaded spikes, two movable knives placed between the conveyors in a vertical plane and made sickle-shaped, arranged to overlap the cutting edges and connected by elastic elements to the bed, the separation mechanism to and from the point of crushing rolls provided to cooperate with the conveyor belt and the tray for discharging the crushed material.  97. The line according to p. 96, characterized in that the bone separation mechanism is made in the form of an inclined shaped plate installed with overlapping the gap between the conveyor belts.  98. The line according to p. 96, characterized in that the bone separation mechanism is made in the form of a pair of grippers, kinematically connected with sickle knives and installed with it in the same plane.  99. The line according to p. 12, characterized in that the apparatus for agglomeration is made in the form of a cylindrical body with hatches for loading and unloading bulk components, tangentially installed in the lower part of the heated gas supply pipe under pressure, inclined towards the last bottom, and the exhaust pipe , an ultrasonic atomizer in communication with a concentrate supply pipe located in the upper part on the axis of the housing, a filter fixed in the exhaust pipe, and a concentrate dispenser.  100. Line according to claim 99, characterized in that a spiral guide is installed on the periphery of the inner surface of the casing of the apparatus for sintering.  101. The line according to claim 100, characterized in that the spiral guide of the agglomeration apparatus is made with an internal generatrix along the spray cone of the ultrasonic atomizer.  102. The line according to claim 100, characterized in that the spiral guide of the agglomeration apparatus is made with a constant length of the area of the helical channel.  103. The line according to claim 99, wherein the agglomeration apparatus is provided with a guide cone mounted top down in the upper part of the housing, and a sprayer is installed at the top of the guide cone.  104. The line of claim 99, wherein the agglomeration apparatus is provided with an infrared radiation source located inside the housing.  105. The line according to claims 100 and 104, characterized in that the spiral guide of the agglomeration apparatus is made of conductive material, isolated from the housing, connected to a current source and serves as a source of infrared radiation.  106. The line of claim 99, wherein the ultrasonic atomizer of the agglomeration apparatus is made in the form of a nozzle with an annular groove communicated with a concentrate supply pipe and an ultrasound source with an oscillation concentrator, the free end of which is placed with a gap in the nozzle.  107. The line of claim 106, wherein the inner surfaces of the casing and nozzle of the agglomeration apparatus are made of different-pole electrets.  108. The line of claim 106, wherein the end surface of the free end of the concentrator of the agglomeration apparatus is convex.  109. The line of claim 108, wherein the end surface of the free end of the concentrator of the agglomeration apparatus is conical.  110. The line of claim 108, wherein the end surface of the free end of the concentrator of the agglomeration apparatus is spherical.  111. The line of claim 108, wherein the end surface of the free end of the concentrator of the agglomeration apparatus is made in the form of a surface of a paraboloid of revolution.  112. The line of claim 106, wherein a helical groove is formed on the side surface of the concentrator of the agglomeration apparatus.  113. The line according to Claim 112, wherein the helical groove is multi-start.  114. The line of claim 106, wherein the nozzle of the agglomeration apparatus is provided with a diffuser nozzle.  115. The line of claim 106, wherein the nozzle of the agglomeration apparatus is provided with a heating system.  116. The line according to claim 99, characterized in that the ultrasonic atomizer of the agglomeration apparatus is made in the form of an ultrasound source with an oscillation concentrator made with an axial channel in communication with the concentrate supply pipe through a fitting located on the line of zero displacement of the concentrator.  117. The line according to p. 116, characterized in that a helical groove is made on the inner surface of the axial channel of the concentrator of the agglomeration apparatus.  118. The line of claim 117, wherein the helical groove is multi-start.  119. The line of claim 99, wherein the ultrasound source of the atomizer of the agglomeration apparatus is made in the form of a magnetostrictor with a liquid cooling jacket communicated with the concentrate supply line.  120. The line according to paragraphs 49.50. 62 and 99, characterized in that at least one of the elements from the series of the ultrafilter of the bioreactor, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis elements of the filter unit, the filter of the apparatus for agglomeration is connected to an ultrasound source.  121. The line according to claims 13 and 15, characterized in that the main screw and the chopper body of the homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer are isolated from each other and from the rest of the device and connected to different phases of the current source.  122. The line according to paragraphs 13 and 96, characterized in that the conveyor belts and pressure rolls of the machine for pitting and grinding are made isolated from the rest of the machine and connected to different phases of the current source.  123. The line according to p. 122, characterized in that the pressure rolls of the machine for pitting and grinding are connected to a source of radial vibrations. 124. Line according to claims 13 and 15, characterized in that on the chopper body
the homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer behind the separator is installed at least one magnet.  125. The line according to paragraphs 34 and 124, characterized in that the magnets are located on the grinder body of the homogenizer of the sterilizer mixer from the plane of the odd change in the direction of cutting of the additional screw.

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