RU2041476C1 - Method of rapid testing of atmosphere, earth surface and ocean - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: meteorology. SUBSTANCE: method concludes transportation of ballistic module to tested place along the ballistic or orbital trajectory. The diagnostic module has set of capsules to be discharged. Capsules are provided with radio probes. The capsules are separated from diagnostic modules outside the boundaries of atmosphere. Number of capsules in the set satisfies to condition of filling all the tested are completely. After preset time interval is finished, the capsules to be discharged are moved apart to provide preset distribution of the capsules in space and delivery of the capsules to top boundary of tested area. Parameters of ocean, atmosphere and earth surface are measured by means of radio probes during descending the probes and after they are landed or water landed. Information from radio probes is transmitted to reception stations. EFFECT: improved reliability. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to meteorology and environmental monitoring and can be used to study and control the parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean anywhere in the world.

 Closest to the invention is a method of operational research of the atmosphere and the ocean, which uses spacecraft.

 The method is as follows. A large number (more than a hundred pieces) of lowered capsules (SC) of small size and weight, docked together, are put into orbit of the Earth satellite with one rocket. Each capsule contains a radiosonde for measuring atmospheric and ocean parameters. At the estimated time, the satellite is oriented in space and sends a command to separate from the others one of the SC, which delivers the radiosonde from orbit to the desired region of the Earth. After the main speed of the SC is extinguished from approximately 8 to 0.8-0.9 km / s, additional braking of the SC is carried out using inflatable balloons or parachutes to a speed at which it is possible to measure atmospheric parameters. The parameters of the atmosphere are measured along the entire trajectory of the decline of the radiosonde up to its landing on water. For some time (20-30 h) the radiosonde is afloat, at this time the ocean parameters are measured. When the satellite is located above the radiosonde, the accumulated information about the vertical profile of the atmosphere and the ocean is transmitted aboard the satellite. Further, this information is transmitted from the satellite to ground-based points of reception and processing of information.

 The remaining SCs are in orbit until certain times when one or another SC in turn descends from orbit.

 However, the disadvantage of this method of studying the atmosphere and the ocean is that it does not allow to obtain a detailed three-dimensional picture of the parameters of the atmosphere in a large volume of air and water, in which unsteady meteorological, natural or emergency events occur. In particular, it does not allow investigating the entire volume of a tropical cyclone (TC) having a height of at least 25 km and a diameter of at least 500 km.

 The invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in simultaneously measuring the parameters of the atmosphere and the ocean in a large volume of air and water and the parameters of the earth’s surface over a large area, which allows to obtain instantaneous time slices of the characteristics of the occurring atmospheric phenomena, natural and environmental disasters throughout the volume of the studied area. In relation to the study of shopping centers, the technical result is the simultaneous measurement of profiles of atmospheric and ocean parameters over the entire volume of the shopping center and in the adjacent, “calm atmosphere” zones, which is necessary, in particular, to create adequate models of the physical processes occurring in the shopping center, more reliable predicting the trajectory of movement and intensity of the shopping center, researching the possibility of active influence on them in order to weaken their destructive power.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a set of descent capsules is separated from the diagnostic module, the number of capsules in which satisfies the condition of filling the entire test area, after the expiration of a predetermined time interval, the capsules are diluted to provide a predetermined distribution in space and their delivery to the upper boundary of the test area .

 The possibilities of the invention can be expanded if several sets of releasable capsules are separated from the diagnostic module sequentially at predetermined time intervals.

 Breeding SC is carried out using individual rocket engines or propelling charges, providing the development of corrective pulses at appropriate angles of inclination to the local horizon. Before the operation of separation of the SK, in the general case, an exposure of the time interval necessary for calming, additional orientation, and stabilization in the space of the SK set is required. Sequential separation with predetermined time intervals of several sets of SCs provides layered sounding of the phenomenon under study for a period of time exceeding the operating time of one set of SCs. This allows you to get unique information about the dynamics of the development of long unsteady processes in the atmosphere, in the ocean and on the earth's surface.

 Figure 1 presents a diagram of the implementation of the method in the case of research shopping center. After detecting the occurrence of a TC (for example, AES 1 of environmental observation) and deciding to investigate it, the diagnostic module 3, consisting of a spacecraft with one or more sets of SCs, is transported to the area of the SC with a launch vehicle 2 along a ballistic or orbital path, containing radiosondes. The required number of SCs in the kit must satisfy the condition for filling the entire investigated area and is determined during the preparation of the flight task (PZ) for the launch vehicle (LV). The use of the rocket-dynamic maneuver in putting the diagnostic module (DM) into orbit, the choice of the type of the corresponding orbit (inclination, height) and the number of necessary turns provide transportation of sets of SCs to almost any region of the Earth.

 At the estimated time, a set of 4 descent capsules 5 is separated from the DM and after the expiration of a predetermined time interval, which is necessary in some cases for calming and additional orientation in the SC space, they are diluted, providing a given distribution in space, for example, with the highest density in the center , and delivery of MK to the upper boundary of the study area. The highest measurement density in the center of the studied area is necessary in those cases when the studied phenomenon has a zone with a sharp gradient of parameter values (for example, the eye of a shopping center or a focus of environmental disaster).

 To perform these operations, a PP is formed containing, using the rocket-dynamic dilution of SC, the on-time, duration of operation and the spatial orientation angle of the propulsion system (DU) of each SC, after which the SC set is separated from the DM and the remote control of each SC is corrected for the correcting impulse at the spatial orientation angle according to PP. When using controlled SC, the PZ contains information that ensures their reduction to the corresponding aiming points.

 At an altitude of H> 120 km, the remote control or propelling devices are separated from the SK. During the descent of the SC in the atmosphere, they are braked using a parachute system. At an altitude of H 25-50 km, the hatch covers of the parachute system are shot and the radio probes are separated from the SK. A multistage parachute system or an inflatable balloon system is put into operation, extinguishing the speed of the radiosonde to 5-15 m / s, at which it is possible to measure the atmospheric parameter profiles. During the descent of radio probes and when working afloat or immersion in water, information from their sensors is transmitted to mobile receiving points 6 (satellite, aircraft, ships) and ground stations 7 directly or through relays, which can be located in specialized descent capsules 8, to the satellite and etc. The use of repeaters allows you to record information in a storage device, and then transfer it to points of collection and processing of information.

 This method, including transatmospheric dilution of radiosondes to the required distances using small-sized SCs equipped with remote control or throwing devices, will allow for the dilution of extreme radiosondes in a salvo by using appropriate trajectories at distances up to 500 km (filling the entire typhoon volume).

 To implement this method, a space complex (SC) based on the Rokot launch vehicle can be used. Figure 2 presents the diagram of the rocket "Rokot" 2 and installed on it DM 3 with a set of SC containing radiosondes. The Breeze 8 booster block serves to bring the DM into orbit and the descent from it.

The main characteristics of the spacecraft are as follows: Space launch site launch
Baikonur
Parameters of orbits: N altitude, km 200-300 i-inclination, city 47-97
The mass of the diagnostic module, t 1.3-1.8 (i 97-47 deg) The descent capsules (SC) ballistic-
type
The number of SK in the set, pcs up to 100
Mass SK, kg with a radiosonde 10-15 with a repeater up to 200
The size of the SC breeding area, km 500x500
For operational detection of shopping centers, monitoring their development and issuing preliminary information for planning the use of the complex under consideration, meteorological satellites of the Meteosat, DMSP or satellite Meteor, Electro can be used. In the standard version, the complex can function in conjunction with existing and developing space systems for Earth monitoring, meteorological and communications space, air and ground complexes.

Claims (2)

 1. METHOD FOR AN OPERATIONAL RESEARCH OF THE ATMOSPHERE, EARTH'S SURFACE AND OCEAN, including transportation to the study area along the ballistic or orbital path of the diagnostic module, separation of capsules equipped with radiosondes from the atmosphere outside the atmosphere, delivery of the capsules to the region under study, measurement using radiosondes their descent and after landing or landing parameters of the atmosphere, the earth’s surface and the ocean, the transmission of information from radiosondes to reception points, which differ That the diagnostic module is separated from a set of descent of capsules, the number of capsules which satisfies the condition of filling the entire region, after a predetermined time interval is carried dilution launchable capsules, providing a predetermined space in their distribution and their delivery to the upper boundary region investigated.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that several sets of capsules are separated from the diagnostic module sequentially at predetermined time intervals.

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