RU2039913C1 - Hot-water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering. SUBSTANCE: furnace chamber of hot-water boiler is embraced with water jacket to which generating tubes are connected; these tubes connect its opposite sides in upper and lower portions forming two crossing bundles. Arranged in water jacket are thermal sensors and electric heaters interconnected through thermal relay and starter. In upper portion boiler is provided with water heater having water mixing partitions and smoke stack made in form of elbow with gate valve and door. Mounted in lower portion of furnace chamber is fire grate under which detachable box is mounted in ash chamber. EFFECT: high efficiency of boiler, enhanced reliability, ease in operation and suitability for operation on solid, liquid and gaseous fuel. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to heat engineering, to household heating devices used as a heat generator in water heating systems, as well as for heating water for domestic needs.

 Known hot water boiler with a combustion chamber, with a grate and finned tubes.

 The grate of this boiler is made with a constant cross section and does not provide stability of heat transfer due to complete combustion of fuel along the length of the grate. Due to the longitudinal washing by flue gases of the heating surface in the installation, the heat transfer coefficient is low. To maintain the required temperature in the boiler, it is necessary to have operator servicing it around the clock and constantly tossing fuel into the furnace. The disadvantage of this device is that it is designed to work only on solid fuel.

 Closest to the proposed device, the prototype is a hot water boiler containing a firebox with a grate, an ash pan and hot water pipes, connected to the chimney and framed by a water jacket, above which there is a heat storage tank equipped with elements for mixing water.

 The disadvantage of this hot water boiler is that due to the longitudinal washing by flue gases of the heating surface of the boiler and hot water pipes with a low heat transfer coefficient, and also due to the limited amount of water in the boiler, the efficiency of the device is low. The unreliability of the device is caused by the fact that it is necessary to periodically throw fuel into the combustion chamber periodically over short periods of time, this complicates the maintenance of the boiler. Difficulties in servicing the boiler are also caused by the time-consuming operation of cleaning and removing the grate, because the latter is periodically clogged and sealed with slag, in addition, access to it in this design is difficult and the use of additional devices is required for its cleaning and removal. The disadvantage is that the boiler is designed only for solid fuel, this limits the possibility of its use.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a convenient, economic and universal hot water boiler.

 The expected technical result, which can be obtained by carrying out the invention, is an increase in heat transfer, an increase in efficiency, an increase in the reliability of the boiler, simplification of its maintenance, and the possibility of working with both solid and liquid or gaseous fuels.

 A water boiler is proposed that comprises a combustion chamber located in the casing with a replaceable grate, an ash chamber and hot water pipes connected to a chimney and framed by a water jacket, as well as an accumulation tank, in which the new one is equipped with an additional heater in the form of cavities of a water jacket of an electric heater with a temperature sensor, the latter are interconnected by means of a thermal relay and a starter, while the upper and lower ends of the water pipes are connected to opposite walls of the shirt with the formation of two intersecting beams, and partitions are installed in the storage tank.

 New in the boiler is also the fact that the chimney is made in the form of a knee and is equipped with a gate and a door.

 In addition, a removable box is placed in the ash chamber.

 New in the boiler is the fact that in the ash chamber there are rails on which liquid fuel burners are installed, and the grate bars are located on supports, one part of which is rigidly fixed, and the other is removable and mounted on rails.

 The connection of the opposite sides of the water jacket in its upper and lower parts with water pipes that form two crossed radiation-convective beams allows increasing the circulation of water throughout the entire volume of the shirt, which leads to an increase in heat transfer. In addition, the water pipes are washed in the transverse direction by flue gas, which also increases the heat transfer. A water heater installed in the upper part of the boiler and equipped with water-mixing partitions allows more efficient use of the heat of the boiler and increase its productivity. The supply of the chimney with a gate allows you to regulate the draft, and this leads to a more economical consumption of heat given off by the fuel. All this together leads to an increase in the efficiency of the boiler. Equipping the boiler with a temperature sensor, thermal relay, electric heaters and a starter allows you to ensure the reliability of the boiler, because in the event of a drop in the temperature of the water in the jacket due to the untimely supply of fuel to the combustion chamber, the thermal sensor-thermal relay-starter circuit is activated and supplies power to the electric heater, which maintains the water temperature at a predetermined level. This simplifies boiler maintenance.

 The implementation of the chimney in the form of a knee and supplying it with a bend door allows easier access to the water pipes for cleaning them, which simplifies boiler maintenance.

 The placement in the ash chamber of the removable box leads to the fact that the spent ash, poured from the grate, is collected in the box. The ash-filled box is removed from the ash chamber. The ash pours out, and the empty box is again placed in the ash chamber. There is no need for exhausting work on the selection of ash from the ash chamber, which also simplifies the maintenance of the boiler.

 The location of the grate on the supports, one of which is rigidly fixed, and the other is removable and mounted on the rails, allows you to remove the grate through the ash chamber by simply removing the removable support. This simplifies boiler maintenance, as the grate in the proposed design is available and it is cleaned after it is removed from the ash chamber.

 The proposed design of the boiler is easily transformed to the use of liquid or gaseous fuels. In this case, the box is removed from the ash chamber, and instead, burners for liquid or gaseous fuel are installed on the guides placed in it.

 In FIG. 1 shows the described hot water boiler; in FIG. 2, section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 electric block diagram of an electric heater.

 The water boiler contains a housing 1, a combustion chamber 2, framed by a water jacket 3 and equipped at the bottom with a removable grate 4, a removable box 5 installed in the ash chamber 6, and water pipes 7. In the upper part of the boiler on the housing 1 there is a storage tank 8 with partitions 9 installed therein, a cold water supply pipe 10 and a hot water discharge pipe 11. The chimney 12 contains a gate 13 and a door 14. Thermal sensors 15 and electric heaters 16 are installed in the water jacket 3, and the thermal relays 17 and the starter 18 connecting them. In the housing 1, doors 19 and 20 are made, a supply 21 for liquid or gaseous fuel, a cold pipe 22 and a nozzle 23 of hot water, as well as a screw 24 for attaching the burner and a dispenser 25 of liquid fuel. In the ash chamber 6, a support 26 is rigidly attached to the side walls, on which the grate 4 is supported at one end, supported by the other end on the removable support 27 installed in the guides 28. Guides 29 for the liquid fuel burner are installed along the side walls of the ash chamber 6.

 The hot water boiler operates as follows. Through the door 19, solid fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber 2 onto the grate 4. The flue gases obtained by burning fuel flow upward, washing the heating pipes 7 in the transverse direction and the walls of the water jacket 3 in the longitudinal direction, and enter the chimney 12.

 The combustion rate of coal is regulated using a gate 13, it also regulates the draft when using liquid fuel or gas.

 The ash generated during the combustion of fuel wakes up through the grate 4 and is collected in the box 5 of the ash chamber 6. The loaded box 5 through the door 20 is removed from the ash chamber 6. When using liquid fuel, the box 5 is removed from the ash chamber 6, and instead of it burners of liquid fuel are installed on the guides 29 and are attached to the bottom of the housing 1 by a screw 24. A liquid fuel metering device 25 is also installed in the casing of the ash chamber 6. When using natural gas as fuel, the box 5 is also removed and replaced with gas burners. Through the pipe 22, cold water enters the water jacket from the return pipe of the heating system, and through the pipe 23 hot water enters from the water jacket into the supply pipe of the heating system. In the upper part of the boiler, above the water jacket, there is a storage tank 8 of 12-15 liters, into which cold water through the pipe 10 enters from the water supply network. Through the pipe 11, hot water is supplied for domestic use. Water-mixing partitions 9 are used for more intensive mixing of water with a view to its more rapid heating. The weakening of fuel combustion in the combustion chamber 2 and the drop in water temperature in the water jacket 3 are detected by the temperature sensor 15, the signals of which are triggered by the thermal relay 17 and through the starter 18 supplies voltage to the electric heater 16 (TEN). As a result, all the time while the fuel supply to the combustion chamber 2 is stopped, the electric heater 16 maintains the temperature of the water in the water jacket 3 at a predetermined level. Through the door 14, the chimney 12 and the combustion chamber 2 are cleaned of soot. To install a removable grate 4 through the door 20, it is introduced into the ash chamber 6 and rest with one edge on a rigidly fixed support 26, then the grate 4 is raised to a horizontal position and a removable support 27 is inserted under it, inserted into the guides 28. To remove the grate 4 remove the removable support 27 from the guides 28, holding the grate 4, then remove the grate through the ash chamber 6.

Claims (4)

 1. A WATER BOILER containing a combustion chamber located in the casing with a replaceable grate, an ash chamber and hot water pipes, connected to the chimney and framed by a water jacket, as well as a storage tank, characterized in that the boiler is equipped with an additional heater in the form of a water chamber jacket of an electric heater with a temperature sensor, interconnected by means of a thermal relay and a starter, while the upper and lower ends of the water pipes are connected to opposite walls of the jackets and with the formation of two intersecting beams, and in the storage tank installed partitions.  2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the chimney is made in the form of a knee and is equipped with a gate and a door.  3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a removable box is placed in the ash chamber.  4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that in the ash chamber there are rails on which liquid fuel burners are installed, and the grates are located on supports, one part of which is rigidly fixed, and the other is removable and mounted on rails.

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