RU203945U1 - Towing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to towing devices of vehicles. The task is to reduce the labor intensity of using the towing device. The towing device (Fig. 1) contains a fork (1) with a lower eyelet (2) and an upper eyelet (3), on which the cap (5 ), inside which there is a figured pin (7) located in the guide of the upper lug (3) and in the hole of the saddle of the lower lug (2). Inside the cap (5) there is a lever system containing a fixed figured lever on the pivot axis (8), connected with a handle (9). There is also a return mechanism for the handle (9) with two spring elements and a fixing assembly of the guide loop (12) equipped with a rod, located one part behind the fork (1), and the other inside it with a curly finger (7 The lever system is made in the form of a rocker mechanism, consisting of a figured lever located in the cap (5) and a plate in which a figured groove is made, while the fixing unit is passed through the upper eyelet (3) of the forks ki (1), and its stem is equipped with a lateral pin located in the shaped groove of the plate. The return mechanism for the handle (9) is located behind the cap (5), on both sides of which, at the ends of the axis (8), there are two spring elements made in the form torsion springs (10). Additional elements and connections between them in the towing device are also given, incl. when installed on a traction vehicle and coupled to a trailed vehicle.

Description

The utility model relates to towing devices of vehicles designed for connecting trailers to cars and tractors and for connecting trailed specialized units to various tractors using towing devices equipped with damping elements.

Known towing device [1, towing device KAMAZ // Electronic resource: http://www.kamacentr.ru/tsu.html. Access date 25.08.2020], consisting of a hook (2), the end of which is inserted into a cylindrical body (15), covering the cylindrical part of the hook, on which an elastic element (9) is installed in the flange (14). On the axle (3) passing through the hook, a safety latch is installed, locked by the pawl 4, which prevents the drawbar of the trailer from disengaging with the hook.

The disadvantage of such a towing device is the relative complexity of its use when the vehicle is coupled to the drawbar of the trailer, especially when both vehicles are at different levels in height. In addition, there is a great deal of manual labor involved in fixing such a hitch.

These shortcomings are eliminated in another well-known towing device "Technotron" [2, Towing hook assembly EURO "Technotron" 21-524 enhanced Electronic resource - https://girtrans.ru/p387415984-farkop-pribor-buksirnyj.html. Access date 09/14/2020], the design of which is made according to the previously known patented towing device [3, Patent ITBS 940133 A1, IPC B60D 1/02, priority 11/16/1994, published on 05/16/1996], but with the implementation of the cap of the linkage, not one-piece cast construction, but composite.

At the same time, in the analogue [2], the upper part of the cap is made of sheet metal by stamping, which is done in order to eliminate the need to remove the entire cap to replace the springs in the return mechanism.

However, this is also a disadvantage of a towing device similar to [2], since if any body hits or upon impact, the thin-walled upper part of the cap can be deformed, which will lead to malfunction of the linkage and the towing device as a whole.

Therefore, the towing device [3] is taken as a prototype of a utility model. It contains a fork (1) with a cylindrical part (6), and with upper and lower lugs (7 and 8), into which the upper and lower guide bushings (12 and 13) are pressed along the axis (x), respectively, in which along their common axis (x) a pin (14) with a side pin (15). On top of the upper lug (7) of the fork (1) there is a cap (2), in which there is a lever system in the form of a figured lever (4) fixed on the axis (31), connected to a handle (5) fixed in two positions and located behind the cap ...

The figured lever (4) is equipped with two side pins (32), through which it is connected to the return mechanism (A) of the handle (5) located in the cap (1) and made in the form of two pushers spring-loaded with cylindrical springs (33) relative to the cap (2) (34) located on either side of the shaped arm (4). At its end, it has an elongated recess (35), with which it contacts the side pin (15) of the pin (14) in its initial position, and a shortened recess (36), with which it contacts the side pin (15) of the pin (14) in its raised position.

The upper end of the pin (14) rests on the pin (9) of the fixing unit (10), which prevents rotation of the guide loop (29) in one position, and contributes to this in the other. The pin (9) is located in the cap (2) perpendicular to the (x) axis.

The cylindrical part (6) of the fork (1) has a thread (21) at the end, onto which a castellated nut (22) is screwed, which presses against the upper and lower lugs (7, 8) a package sequentially located on the cylindrical part (6) of the fork (1) damping assembly elements (B): front elastic bushing (23), front flange bushing (24), stepped bushing (25) located in friction liners (26), rear elastic bushing (27) and rear flange bushing (28).

Moreover, the stepped bushing (25) is designed to be attached to a vehicle.

Between the upper and lower lugs (7, 8) of the fork (1) there is a guide loop (29) spring-loaded by a tension spring (30) to the lower lug (8), installed on the upper and lower guide bushings (12 and 13), with the possibility of its own reversal relative to their common axis (x) along the upper and lower guide bushings (12 and 13).

However, the disadvantage of the prototype [3] is that in order to exit the lower guide sleeve (13) of the pin (14) during uncoupling, you must first pull back and turn the pin (9) of the safety assembly (10), and only then move the handle (5) to the upper position. It is time consuming. Another disadvantage is that the return mechanism (A) is located in the cap (2). This leads to difficulties when replacing the coil springs (33) of such an assembly.

Therefore, the task of the utility model is to reduce the labor intensity of using the towing device by achieving a technical result - by automating the release of the pin from the hook with the locking unit when uncoupling vehicles, as well as by eliminating the need to remove the cap to replace the springs in the return mechanism of the handle.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the towing device (Fig. 1-10), containing a fork (1) with a lower eyelet (2) and an upper eyelet (3), on which a cap (5) is fixed, inside which a curly pin (7 ), located in the guide bush (39) of the upper lug (3) and in the hole (40) of the saddle (41) of the lower lug (2), as well as inside the cap (5), there is a lever system containing a fixed shaped lever (29) on a pivot axis (8) connected to the handle (9), while the towing device also contains a return mechanism for the handle (9) with two spring elements and also contains, equipped with a rod (33), fixing the assembly (66) of the guide loop (12), located in one part behind the fork (1), and the other inside it with the coverage of a figured finger (7), there are distinctive features: the lever system is made in the form of a rocker mechanism (28), consisting of a figured lever (29) located in the cap (5) and plate (30), in which a shaped groove (31) is made, while fixing the steering unit (66) of the guide loop (12) is passed through the upper eyelet (3) of the fork (1), and its rod (33) is equipped with a side pin (32) located in the shaped groove (31) of the plate (30), in addition, the return the mechanism for the handle (9) is located behind the cap (5), on both sides of which, at the ends of the axis (8), there are two spring elements made in the form of torsion springs (10).

The set of distinctive features for the implementation of the lever system for such a towing device in the form of a rocker mechanism (28), consisting of a shaped lever (29) located in the cap (5) and a plate (30), in which a shaped groove (31) is made, is aimed at providing creation of the necessary mechanism to ensure the automation of the release of the pin (7) from the hook with the fixing unit (66) when uncoupling.

Another set of distinctive features, according to which the fixing unit (66) of the guide loop (12) is passed through the upper lug (3) of the fork (1), and the rod (33) of the fixing unit (66) is equipped with a lateral pin (32) and located inside the rod ( 33) by a ball (34), spring-loaded by a coil spring (35), also located inside the rod (33), which is passed through the upper eyelet (3) of the fork (1) and holding it due to the location of the side pin (32) in the shaped groove (31 ) plate (30), will contribute, along with a set of distinctive features for the implementation of the lever system, the implementation of the automation of the release of the pin (7) from the hook with the fixing unit (66) when uncoupling.

Another set of distinctive features for the location of the return mechanism for the handle (9) behind the cap (5) on both sides of which at the ends of the axis (8) are two spring elements made in the form of torsion springs (10), is aimed at eliminating the lack of the prototype [3 ] and analogue [2], in contrast to which, it will not be necessary to remove the cap (5) to replace the springs in the return mechanism of the handle (9).

All mentioned technical results are aimed at reducing the labor intensity of the towing device.

Additional distinctive features of the utility model aimed at achieving this:

- inside the rod (33) of the fixing unit (66) of the guide loop (12), above the side pin (32) of the rod (33) there is a ball (34), spring-loaded by a coil spring (35), also located inside the rod (33), which is passed through the upper eye (3) of the fork (1);

- the lateral pin (32) is located in the front part of the shaped groove (31) of the plate (30), under which the ball (34) is located, and the rear part of the shaped groove (31) is configured to accommodate the lateral pin (32) of the rod (33) );

- the axis (8) is made with a hexagonal part (27), on which the figured lever (29) and the plate (30) are fixed;

- torsion springs (10) are connected to the cap (5) and to the plates (11), also located at the ends of the axis (8);

- at the bottom of the cap (5), coaxially with the figured pin (7), there is a buffer cone spring (38);

- the end of the cylindrical shape of the lower part of the figured pin (7) at its end is equipped with two flats intersecting with each other: the left flats (43) and, located above it, the right flats (44), with the possibility of their entry into the hole (40) of the saddle ( 41) of the lower lug (2).

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations (Figs. 1-10), where Figs. 1 shows a general view of the towing device; in fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a partially local section A-A according to FIG. one; in fig. 3 - longitudinal section of the towing device; in fig. 4 is a top view thereof according to FIG. 3; in fig. 5 - the same as in FIG. 4, but with the installation of a towing device on a part of the vehicle; in fig. 6 shows its local longitudinal sections according to FIG. five; in fig. 7 - a fragment of the beginning of the movement of the drawbar of the vehicle inside the towing device; fig. 8 - a fragment of the continuation of this movement; fig. 9 - the same as in FIG. 2, but with respect to the portions of FIG. 7 and 8; fig. 10 - a fragment of fixing the drawbar of the vehicle with a towing device.

The towing device (Fig. 1) contains a fork 1 with a lower lug 2 and an upper lug 3, on which the cap 5 is fixed with screws 4 through its flange 6. The cap 5 is made by casting to form a vertical part 5a, a lower side part 5b and an upper side part 5c.

Inside the vertical part 5a of the cap 5, along it, there is a figured pin 7. In the upper side part 5c, an axis 8 is fixed transversely, with the possibility of rotation, at one end of which a handle 9 is installed behind the cap 5. The upper part of the figured pin 7 is cylindrical ( Fig. 3, 6-8, 10), and the lower one from a set of conical and cylindrical shapes.

There is also a return mechanism of the handle 9, which is located behind the vertical part 5a of the cap 5, the ends of the axis 8 (Figs. 1, 4-6) are connected to the cap 5 through torsion springs 10 and plates 11 mounted on them.

Between the upper lug 3 and the lower lug 2, a guiding loop 12 of a frame type, provided with internal lateral inclined surfaces 13, is installed, with the coverage of the figured pin 7 (Figs. 1, 3-8, 10) and with its location mostly behind the fork 1.

On the upper part of the figured pin 7 (Fig. 2), a groove 14 and a groove 15 are made, and a pin stop 16 is also fixed, the end of which is located in the groove 14 and contacts the safety assembly 77.

The safety assembly 17 consists of a pin 18 with a tapered part 19, a shank 20 and a collar 21. There is also a coil spring 22, covering the shank 20, fixed (not shown) inside the pin 18. The coil spring 22 is located with an abutment against the washer 23, fixed with a spacer washer 24 in the bore 25 of the hole 26 of the lower side part 5b of the cap 5.

In the pin stop 16, the tapered part 19 of the pin 18 of the safety unit 17 rests, locking the pin 7 from moving upward by pulling the pin stop into the tapered part 19 of the pin 18, which is passed through the groove 15 of the upper part of the figured pin 7. Through its shoulder 21 (Fig. 2 ) the pin 18 is fixed on the bottom of the hole 26 and is spring-loaded inside (not shown) by a coil spring 22.

In the initial position of the towing device (Fig. 1-6), the shank 20 of the pin 18 of the safety assembly 17 does not protrude from the hole 26 beyond its bore 25.

Inside the upper side part 5c of the cap 5 on the hexagonal part 27 (Fig. 3) of the axis 8 (Fig. 1), a lever system is fixed (Fig. 3), made in the form of a rocker mechanism 28, consisting of a shaped lever 29 and a plate 30, in which a shaped groove 31 is made. In the initial position of the lever 29, the front part of the shaped groove 31 is located between the lateral pin 32 of the rod 33 and the ball 34 inside it, spring-loaded by a coil spring 35, also located inside the rod 33, which is passed through the upper lug 3 of the fork 1.

At the end of the shaped lever 29, a recess 36 is made with the possibility of gripping (Figs. 7, 8) by it the outer part 37 of the pin stop 16 (Fig. 2) located in the upper part of the pin 7, which is disposed to move upwardly with the stop (Fig. 7, 8) into the buffer cone spring 38, fixed inside and at the top of the vertical part 5a of the cap 5.

The cylindrical upper part of the figured pin 7 (Fig. 3, 6-8, 10) is located in the guide sleeve 39 pressed into the hole of the upper lug 3 of the fork 1. The lower part of the figured pin 7 is located mainly inside the guide loop 12, and the end is cylindrical of this lower part is located in the stepped bore 40 of the seat 41, which is also pressed in like the guide sleeve 39.

A support 42 is attached to the saddle 41 with the help of two pins (not shown) on the lower eye 2 of the fork 1. The end of the cylindrical shape of the lower part of the figured pin 7 at its end has two flats intersecting each other: the left flat 43 and, located above it, the right flat 44, with the possibility of interaction (Fig. 7 and 8) with the drawbar 45 of the towed vehicle (not shown). To prevent the drawbar 45 from hitting the saddle 41, the mentioned support 42 (Fig. 2, 6) is fixed on the lower lug 2.

Drawbar 45 (Fig. 8) has a narrowed part 46 and, after it, a through hole 47.

A bracket 48 is screwed to the saddle 41 (Figs. 3, 6-8, 10), on which a tension spring 49 is installed with its one end, the other end of which is connected to an eyelet 50 on the lower part of the guide loop 12.

The fork 1 also has (Fig. 3, 6) a cylindrical part 51, at the end of which a castellated nut 52 is screwed, pressing against the upper and lower lugs 2, 3 a package of elements of the damping unit 53 arranged in series on the cylindrical part 51: front elastic sleeve 54, front flange bushing 55, stepped bushing 56, into which bushings 57 are pressed, rear elastic bushing 58 and rear flange bushing 59.

The position of the castellated nut 52 is closed by a protective cap 60 fixed on the rear flange bushing 59.

The stepped sleeve 56 can be pre-equipped (not shown in Fig. 1, shown in Figs. 3, 4) with four pairs of threaded elements passed in its flange 61 - bolts 62 and nuts 63 screwed on them. This is done to ensure the possibility of fastening (Fig. . 5, 6) towing device to the rear 64 of the vehicle, for example, to the assembly bracket 65.

The guide loop 12 is located inside the fork 1 with the possibility of its horizontal rotation.

The rod 33 (Fig. 3, 7, 8) with a ball 34 inside it, spring-loaded by a coil spring 35, also located inside the rod 33, are elements of the fixing assembly 66 passed through the upper lug 3, which is necessary for locking against rotation of the guide loop 12 in the process coupling with the vehicle due to the possibility of the rod 33 entering into its groove 67 (Fig. 3, 6).

The towing device is used as follows.

Attach the towing device to the traction vehicle, for example, to a tractor, truck, tractor (not shown), when assembling or replenishing them. The towing device is attached with preliminary partial disassembly and subsequent assembly using bolts 62 and nuts 63 to the frame of a vehicle, for example, a car, to its rear part 64 through an assembly bracket 65.

Further, if necessary, a towed vehicle, for example a trailer (not shown), which has a drawbar 45 (Fig. 7, 8) of a rigid or pivoting type, is connected to the traction vehicle.

For this, if necessary, the guide loop 12 (Fig. 5) is pre-rotated to the required angle, and the handle 9 (Fig. 6) is moved upward (Fig. 7). As a result, the figured lever 29 of the rocker mechanism 28 with its recess 36 (Fig. 3) will act on the lateral pin 37 in the upper part of the figured pin 7. In this case, the pin 18 of the safety assembly 17 will move to the right, releasing the figured pin 7, compressing the coil spring 22 , and coming out with its conical part 19 from the groove 14 of the figured pin 7, being located behind it, and with its shank 20 going beyond the lateral lower part 5b of the cap 5. As a result, the figured pin 7 will also move upward (Fig. 7), compressing the buffer cone spring 38 ...

Simultaneously with the shaped lever 29, the plate 30 of the rocker mechanism 28 will also move, rolling with the lower edge of the shaped groove 31 along the bottom of the lateral pin 32 of the rod 33, which will eventually be in the rear part of the shaped groove 31 of the plate 30. As a result, the rod 33 will go down under by the action of the coil spring 35, entering the recess 67 (Fig. 6) of the guide loop 12, having fixed it (Fig. 7) against rotation.

Next, the traction vehicle is fed back (not shown) to the drawbar 45, which (Fig. 7, 8) enters the inside of the guide loop 12.

Initially (Fig. 7), with its left flat 43, the figured pin 7 will pass in contact with the narrowed part 46 of the drawbar 45, compressing the buffer cone spring 38, and being located with its butt end partially in the through hole 47 of the drawbar 45, and then (Fig. 8) the pin 7 of its the right flat 44 will pass along the edge near the said through hole 47 and find itself in it.

Since at first the figured pin 7 will rise slightly upwards, this will release the engagement of its recess 36 with the lateral pin 37. As a result, the figured lever 29, together with the plate 30 and the lever 9, will go down, and under the action of the buffer cone spring 38, which gives the initial acceleration of the figured pin 7, followed by the main action of the springs 10 on it, its lower part will be (Fig. 10) with an emphasis in the upper step of the hole 40 of the seat 41, and the part of the figured pin 7, consisting of a set of conical and cylindrical surfaces, will be in the through hole 47 in the backlash-free hitch with drawbar 45.

At the same time, due to the movement of the lateral pin 32 of the rod 33 into the front part of the groove 31 of the plate 30, which will rotate, the rod 33 (Fig. 3) will automatically move downward, unlatching the guide loop 12.

In this case, automatically from the position shown in FIG. 9, the pin of the safety assembly 17, under the action of its coil spring 22, will be in the position shown in FIG. 2, locking the figured pin 7 with its conical part 19 with an interference fit into its pin stop 16 and recessing the shank 20 inside the lateral lower part 5b of the cap 5. The fact of such recession, which is checked visually or by touch, indicates reliable fixation of the figured pin 7 in the closed position (Fig. 10) when coupling a traction vehicle with a trailed vehicle.

Their uncoupling occurs in the reverse order with the start of cocking the handle 9 upwards (Fig. 7, 8).

Information sources:

1. Traction coupling KAMAZ // Electronic resource: http://www.kamacentr.ru/tsu.html. Access date 25.08.

2. Towing hook-device, towing assembly EURO "Technotron" 21-524 reinforced. Electronic resource - https://girtrans.ru/p387415984-farkop-pribor-buksirnyj.html. Date of access 09/14/2020.

3. Patent ITBS 940133 A1, IPC B60D 1/02, priority 11/16/1994, published 05/16/1996 / prototype /.

Claims (7)

1. A towing device containing a fork (1) with a lower eyelet (2) and an upper eyelet (3), on which a cap (5) is fixed, inside which a figured pin (7) is located, located in the guide sleeve (39) of the upper eyelet ( 3) and in the hole (40) of the saddle (41) of the lower lug (2), as well as inside the cap (5), there is a lever system containing a fixed figured lever (29) on the pivot axis (8) connected to the handle (9), in this case, the towing device also contains a return mechanism for the handle (9) with two spring elements and also contains a fixing unit (66) of the guide loop (12) provided with a rod (33), located in one part behind the fork (1), and the other inside it with the coverage of a figured pin (7), characterized in that the lever system is made in the form of a rocker mechanism (28), consisting of a figured lever (29) located in the cap (5) and a plate (30) in which a figured groove (31) is made , while the fixing unit (66) of the guide loop (12) is passed through the upper th eye (3) of the fork (1), and its rod (33) is equipped with a lateral pin (32) located in the shaped groove (31) of the plate (30), in addition, the return mechanism for the handle (9) is located behind the cap (5 ), on both sides of which, at the ends of the axis (8), there are two spring elements made in the form of torsion springs (10). 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that inside the rod (33) of the fixing unit (66) of the guide loop (12), above the lateral pin (32) of the rod (33), there is a ball (34) spring-loaded by a cylindrical spring (35) , also located inside the stem (33), which is passed through the upper lug (3) of the fork (1). 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the lateral pin (32) is located in the front part of the shaped groove (31) of the plate (30), under which the ball (34) is located, and the rear part of the shaped groove (31) is made with the possibility the location of the side pin (32) of the rod (33) in it. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the axis (8) is made with a hexagonal part (27), on which the figured lever (29) and the plate (30) are fixed. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the torsion springs (10) are connected to the cap (5) and to the plates (11), also located at the ends of the axis (8). 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at the bottom of the cap (5), coaxially with the shaped finger (7), there is a buffer cone spring (38). 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the cylindrical shape of the lower part of the figured finger (7) at its end is equipped with two flats intersecting each other: the left flat (43) and the right flat (44) located above it, with the possibility their entry into the hole (40) of the saddle (41) of the lower lug (2).

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