RU2039305C1 - Device for obtaining gasiform fuel mixture from liquid fuel for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has air sucker, evaporator connected with a source of liquid fuel, gas discharging pipe connected with the intake manifold of the engine, and gas accumulating chamber connected with the engine manifold through openings made in the gas discharging pipe. The evaporator, air director, and gas accumulating chamber are arranged in series in the direction of gas flow between the air sucker and gas discharging pipe. The evaporator is constructed as a multi-layer member made of a hygroscopic material, spaces between the layers being arranged along the direction of flow air from the director. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to energy, and in particular to devices for producing a gaseous combustible mixture from liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine, and can be used in various transport and stationary means for carburizing fuel, for example, cars, tractors, power plants, etc.

 One of the most important and complex tasks in connection with the preparation of combustible mixtures from liquid fuel, for example for use in internal combustion engines, is the maximum grinding of atomized fuel particles. There are various devices for producing a vaporous combustible mixture from liquid fuel, using mechanical, acoustic methods of grinding or crushing of fuel particles. However, when using any of these methods, the resulting air-vapor mixture contains liquid fuel particles in suspension, which, for known reasons, impairs the combustion quality of the combustible mixture and increases the content of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases.

 Therefore, much attention is paid to the development of devices allowing to obtain such a combustible mixture in which the presence of liquid particles should be minimal or completely eliminated.

 It is known, for example, a device for producing a vaporous combustible mixture for an internal combustion engine (ICE), comprising a housing in communication with an air intake and an evaporator disposed therein, formed by plates of absorbent material and connected to a source of liquid fuel for impregnation of the plates, and having a branch pipe communicating with intake manifold of internal combustion engine. In this device, the mixing of liquid fuel, for example gasoline with air, is carried out by supplying liquid fuel to large surfaces of the fibrous moisture-absorbing material of the plates and is held in it due to capillary phenomena. The plates are arranged in two rows and at an angle to the direction of air flow, moreover, in each of the rows the plates are parallel to each other, and the rows are located at an angle relative to each other. Their edges lie on a conical surface. With this arrangement of the plates, the combustible mixture is formed both by blowing the fibrous material by forced air onto these plates, and by penetration through this material. The combustible mixture thus obtained directly in the device is a fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine (ICE).

 However, this embodiment and placement of the evaporator plates complicates the design of the device and at the same time contributes to the saturation of the combustible mixture with liquid fuel particles due to direct exposure to the surface of the plates with air and air penetration through the plate material. As a result, with this mixture formation, a flammable and explosive mixture is formed in the chamber, which impedes the practical use of this device.

 In addition, an inhomogeneous vapor-air combustible mixture formed subsequently from the resulting mixture containing liquid fuel particles is burned in ICE cylinders with the release of products of incomplete combustion, which leads to significant fuel consumption and environmental pollution. And finally, the plates, located at an angle to the air flow, cause strong turbulent flows in the chamber, creating resistance to the flow of incoming air.

 The basis of the invention is the task of creating a device for producing a gaseous combustible mixture for an internal combustion engine with such a structural implementation of its constituent elements that will ensure the interaction of air and liquid fuel with the formation of a substantially "dry" gaseous combustible mixture.

 The problem is solved in that in a device for producing a gaseous combustible mixture for an internal combustion engine containing an air intake, an evaporator made of hygroscopic material and connected to a liquid fuel source for impregnation, a gas outlet pipe in communication with the engine intake manifold. Between the air intake and the exhaust pipe, an air guide is installed sequentially along the air flow, forming an axial air flow, an evaporator, which is a multilayer element with gaps between the layers unidirectional along the common axis and placed by these gaps along the direction of the air flow from the guide, and a gas storage chamber located at the outlet the evaporator and having a volume of at least equal to the working volume of the engine cylinder, while the gas storage chamber is equipped with a gas outlet a tube communicated with the intake manifold through the exhaust gas mixing with the air. The device is a double-walled glass, the inner of which is shortened, divides the glass cavity into two chambers and serves as an air guide, is equipped with an air flow laminator, and the outer serves as a gas storage chamber, and a multilayer element with unidirectional gaps between the layers is installed between them.

 Sequential placement of the above structural elements through the air flow eliminates the conditions for the formation of turbulent air flows and thereby the direct effect of air flows on the evaporator layers, which ultimately contributes to the production of enriched fuel gas, ready to receive a working gas mixture in the mixer.

 The implementation of the evaporator in the form of a multilayer element with unidirectional gaps between the layers located along the direction of the air flow, along with simplifying the design of the evaporator, provides directed movement of air flows through the gaps without affecting the surface of the layers forming these gaps and thereby eliminated the penetration of air flows through the layers of the multilayer item. All this contributes to the fact that fuel gas is formed only from homologous gases that are part of liquid hydrocarbons extracted with the greatest effect from volatile fuels, for example gasoline for internal combustion engines, and since air flows by gravity freely without collision with liquid fuel, liquid particles practically absent in the resulting gaseous mixture. Thus, the gas obtained from liquid fuel contains molecular particles and is a dry gas, which, prior to the introduction of an oxidizing agent, such as air, is non-combustible and safe to use.

 In FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a device for producing a gaseous combustible mixture for an internal combustion engine, sectional view; figure 2, the device laminator, a top view on a reduced scale.

 A device for producing a gaseous combustible mixture for an internal combustion engine contains a housing 1 made in the form of a glass with a double wall of the outer 2 and inner 3. The inner wall 3 is shortened and forms a closed, continuous partition dividing the inner cavity of the glass into two compartments 4 and 5. The compartment 4 is communicated with an air intake 6 provided with a filter 7 of any known design, and serves as an air guide moving as shown by arrows A to form a directed air flow. Compartments 4 and 5 communicate with each other through an evaporator 9 mounted on the wall 8 of compartment 4, made in the form of a multilayer structure formed, for example, by means of a spiral tape made of hygroscopic material. Thus, the evaporator has a plurality of layers 10 separated by a plurality of equally directed narrow gaps 11.

 The evaporator is fed by supplying fuel to it through the wick 12, which contacts its side surface with the tape of the evaporator 9 (not shown) and is located at the end in the tank 13 filled with fuel 14, for example gasoline. Since turbulent phenomena can occur in the air stream leaving the air intake 6, a laminarizer 15 is installed in the compartment 4 in front of the evaporator 9, made in the form of a plurality of radial vertical blades 16, providing for dissection of the air stream and its laminarization.

 Compartment 5 serves to accumulate in it a supersaturated gaseous combustible mixture resulting from blowing the surfaces of the evaporator layers 10 with air flowing through the gaps 11. The volume of the compartment 5 should be at least equal to the working volume of the ICE cylinder (not shown).

 The exhaustion of the supersaturated combustible mixture is carried out using a gas outlet pipe 17, equipped with holes 18, the total area of which is not less than the cross section of this tube. Tube 17 is connected to the intake manifold (not shown) through a mixer 19, through which air is used as an oxidizing agent to form a mixture entering the engine cylinders into the supersaturated mixture supplied to the intake manifold.

 The device operates as follows.

 The fuel in the tank 13, through the wick 12 is fed into the evaporator 9, impregnates its material until it is completely saturated and begins to evaporate from its surface.

 When the engine is started, a reduced pressure zone arises behind the evaporator and air from the air intake 6 through compartment 4, where it is laminarized by means of a laminarizer 15 and enters the evaporator 9 in the form of a straight flow.

 Passing through the narrow gaps 11 between the layers of the evaporator, a stream of air captures the molecules of the evaporating liquid fuel. By appropriate selection of the air flow rate and the evaporated fuel liquid, the formation of a supersaturated combustible mixture is achieved. Such a supersaturated mixture is achieved when the ratio of gasoline and air is from about 1: 2 to less than 1: 8, and the best result is achieved when the ratio is from 1: 3 to 1: 5. The jets leaving the gaps of the evaporator 9 are mixed together in the compartment 5, which serves as a gas storage chamber. Thus, in the gas accumulation chamber or compartment 5, a supersaturated mixture is formed, which is discharged to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by means of a gas exhaust pipe 17, connected to this manifold through mixer 19. When a combustible gas is mixed with an oxidizing agent (air), a highly flammable mixture is formed, which burns without residue in engine cylinders.

 Numerous changes may be made to said preferred embodiment of the invention within the scope of the appended claims. So, for example, instead of a coil of hygroscopic material rolled up in a spiral, a lot of parallel plates can be used, or instead of a case in the form of a cylindrical cup divided into compartments forming coaxially located chambers, two coaxially located chambers can be used. Other types of fuel supply from the tank to the tape of hygroscopic material, which has been coiled in the manner described above, may also be provided.

 The experiments carried out on internal combustion engines showed that a 2-3-fold reduction in fuel consumption and high environmental cleanliness of exhaust gases are provided.

Claims (3)

 1. DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A GAS-BASED FUEL MIXTURE FROM LIQUID FUEL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, containing an air inlet, an evaporator made of hygroscopic material and connected to a liquid fuel source for impregnation, a gas outlet pipe with a gas outlet from the gas outlet to the exhaust pipe that between the air intake and the exhaust pipe are arranged sequentially along the air flow, an air guide forming an axial air flow, an evaporator, comprising a multilayer element with gaps between the layers unidirectional along the common axis and installed by these gaps in the direction of air flow from the guide, and a gas storage chamber located at the outlet of the evaporator and having a volume at least equal to the working volume of the engine cylinder, while the gas storage chamber is in communication with gas pipe.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a glass with a double wall, the inner of which is made shortened, divides the cavity of the glass into two chambers and serves as an air guide, and the outer serves as a gas storage chamber.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a laminarizer made in the form of a set of radial vertical blades placed in the air guide.

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