RU2039268C1 - Method for opencast mining of lumpy and sandy-argillaceous rocks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining. SUBSTANCE: method for opencast mining of lumpy and sandy-argillaceous rocks includes formation of working bench with angle of inclination to horizon of 0 to 30 deg. mechanical loosening and bulldozing of rocks, their piling; loading by excavator into transportation facilities. Face in opencast mining is loosened with the help of rip bulldozer with blade raised to the height of its teeth and transferring of lumpy rock to bulldozer pile. Lumpy rock is transferred from bulldozer pile to excavator pile and loaded onto transportation facilities. Then, small-sized and sandy-argillaceous rock is bulldozed into pile with its subsequent transfer by excavator into vehicles. Prior to transfer of lumpy rock from one pile to the other and loading it to vehicles, the rock is dried with use of natural ventilation or mobile spraying-ventilation plant operating alternately in dry mode or with spraying, depending on weather, humidity and cleaning degree of handle lumpy rock. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry, and in particular to methods of producing opencast mining on rocks represented by mixtures of lumpy rocky sand and clay loamy rocks, and can be used in open pit mining of loose and gravel and sand deposits with boulders and coarse gravel, quarry dumps, as well as in hydraulic engineering with the construction of dams from layers of bulk rocks of various sizes and mineralogical composition.

 A very urgent problem is the open development of karst areas of limestone deposits, where after drilling and blasting operations, up to 27-35% of karst and substandard (clay contaminated) limestones of the total annual production have to be dumped.

 The technology can also be used for preliminary enrichment in an open pit or in an ore warehouse, in which the content of the useful component is clearly associated with lumpiness (asbestos, some types of iron and ferromanganese ores, magnesite, etc.). When developing rocky lumpy rocks that occur together with sandy clay rocks, it is often necessary to separate them into fractions by size for further processing and use.

 Known methods for the open development of gravel and sand deposits using self-propelled, semi-stationary and stationary screening and sorting, screening and crushing units and plants [1] These methods are not effective in the development of faces with impurities of clay, as sticking and clogging of the working surfaces of crushing and screening equipment.

In the processing of limestone, as well as gravel and sand deposits with clay admixtures, development methods with wet screening methods, using vibration washers, hydroclassifiers, and drum screens are widely used. The disadvantage of these development methods is a significant consumption of water (up to 2-4 m ³ / t), which limits the scope of their application.

 There are also known methods of developing alluvial deposits using bulldozers, bulldozers, rippers. Moreover, bulldozers and bulldozers-rippers are mainly used for transporting rocks up to 150 m, as well as loosening frozen or compacted rocks with their subsequent bulldozing. At the same time, rocks are not sorted by size.

 There is experience in equipping bulldozer blades with ripper teeth for the development of heavy and dense rocks instead of ripper teeth mounted on the rear of the tractor on a special frame. The use of such dumps with teeth-rippers is usually recommended when performing small amounts of work, for example in the Crimea and Donbass, for loosening frozen soils with a small depth of freezing. In this case, hinged teeth are considered particularly effective.

A known method of opening alluvial deposits and a device for its implementation. At the same time, to improve the efficiency of mining rocks with heterogeneous clay hardly eroded inclusions, erosion is carried out by continuous reversal of the direction of the jet with a pulsating change in its pressure during shuttle movement of the hydraulic monitor along the drilled holes until complete erosion of each island inclusion of clay rocks. The device itself is equipped with a pump control mechanism with a gear reducer, a hydraulic system. The barrel of the monitor is mounted on a hinge with the possibility of rotation in the sector 35-45 ^about in each direction from the longitudinal axis of the undercarriage. The main disadvantages of this method are the need for a significant amount of water and the presence of a relatively complex device of a hydraulic monitor with a hydraulic drive system and a running trolley.

 It is known the use of local airing systems of the UMP-I type at quarries. These irrigation and ventilation units mounted on the chassis of the BelAZ-548A automobile create a controlled air or air-water jet to ventilate stagnant zones in open pits, suppress dust, and remove explosion products from the destroyed array.

 Examples of the use of UMP-I plants for drying rocks in a stack are not known.

Known technology for the development of rocks with bulldozers with successive chip removal with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 m on a horizontal or inclined (up to 30 ^about ) surface. In dense rocks, bulldozers are equipped with one or more teeth for preliminary loosening. The bulldozer moves the loosened rock into the transfer hopper or to the pile from which the loader or excavator loads vehicles.

 This technology is used in the development of limestone and in quarries of mining raw materials. When developing alluvial and gravel-sand deposits with boulders and coarse gravel, this technology is unacceptable, since it does not allow sorting the rock at the same time as bulldozing.

 In FIG. 1 shows the stage of separation of lumpy rocks, their cone and shipment; in FIG. Stage 2 of separation and loading of small-sized and sandy-clayey rocks.

Deposit formed on the working ledge 1 with an angle of inclination to the horizontal from 0 to ^about 30. When the angle of the ledge is 0 ° ^, it becomes a polygon. A bulldozer 2 with ripper teeth on the blade and on a special frame behind the bulldozer loosens the working surface of ledge 1 with large and medium pieces turned out and transported to stack 3. In this case, the blade with ripper teeth is raised to the height of the teeth so that it is small-sized and sand-clay rock remained on the surface of the working ledge 1 and the flat part of the stack 3. Due to the drawing, rolling and segregation, the pieces self-clean from sand-clay rocks. Excavator 4 (or loader) shovels and sortes lumpy rock into excavator stack 5, where the pieces are also segregated and self-cleaned, as a result of which lumpy and sandy-clay rock accumulate in the middle part of the cone, and coarse and medium-lumpy rock in the lower and outer parts cone.

 To dry lumpy rocks, a self-propelled irrigation and ventilation unit 7 is used. Next, large and medium lumpy rocks are shipped by excavator 4 to dump trucks 6 and transported for further processing, for example, to a stationary vibro-screening or screening-crushing plant. Before coneing and shipment of coarse and medium-sized rock from the working site, a time break is taken to dry the rock due to natural ventilation (sun and wind).

 To increase the degree of purification of lumpy rock from sandy clay rocks, a self-propelled irrigation and ventilation unit 7 is used, which, depending on the weather, humidity of lumpy rock and the requirements for the degree of purification, works in irrigation or ventilation (in dry) conditions. After shipment of coarse and medium lumpy rocks from the excavator stack 5, bulldozing of lumpy and sandy clay rocks is carried out (Fig. 2). At the same time, the bulldozer 2 works without the use of ripper teeth, transporting the rock to pile 8. Then the rock from the pile 8 is shipped by excavator 4 (or loader) to dump trucks and transported to a dump or for further processing (placer deposits). At the same time, sorting out large and medium pieces falling into the cone 9 is conducted. After the stack 7 is completely shipped, the cycle of work is repeated, forming stacks of lumpy rock 3 and 5.

 The proposed method for open development of lumpy and sandy clay rocks allows you to effectively separate coarse and medium lumpy rocks from small-lumpy and sandy clay rocks directly on the working site, reduce transportation costs, significantly reduce water consumption during wet enrichment of rocks, and create conditions for integrated use raw materials, such as heavily karst limestones, old dumps.

 The technology of preliminary enrichment in a quarry or in an ore warehouse becomes possible, in which the content of the useful component is associated with lumpiness of the rock mass.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR OPEN DEVELOPMENT OF LUSCULAR AND SAND-CLAY ROCKS, including the formation of a working ledge with an angle of 0 ^° to 30 ^° to the horizon, mechanical loosening and bulldozing of rocks, their stacking, loading into vehicles with an excavator, characterized in that the bottom is loosened using a bulldozer having additional teeth on the bulldozer blade, lift the blade to the height of its teeth, transport lumpy rock to the bulldozer stack with subsequent coning, from the bulldozer stack the forged rock is loaded into an excavator stack and loaded into vehicles, then the lumpy and sandy-clay rock is bulldozed into the stack with its subsequent shipment by the excavator into vehicles, and before the lumpy rock is reloaded from one pile to another, as well as to the transport vehicles, the rock is dried from using natural ventilation or a mobile irrigation and ventilation unit operating alternately dry or with irrigation depending on weather, humidity and the required degree penalty for cleaning shipped lumpy rock.

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