RU2039066C1 - Device for notifying freshet or mud flows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: warning equipment. SUBSTANCE: device has radio transmitter, multivibrator, the first to the third level detectors, the first to the third sensitive elements, the first to the third relays, the first to the fourth contacts, the fourth relay, resistor, the first to the third power supplies, modulating code generator, master oscillator, telegraph key, phase manipulator, power amplifier, transmitting aerial, radio receiver, receiving aerial, mixer, search unit, heterodyne, intermediate frequency amplifier, detector, the first and the second spectrum widths meters, frequency doubler, comparison unit, threshold unit, the first key, delay line, annunciator, frequency by two divider, narrow band filter, phase detector, registration unit, the second key and frequency meter. EFFECT: improved reliability. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to signaling equipment warning a population of the danger of a natural disaster.

Known devices for warning of flood or village [1]
Of the known devices, the closest to the proposed device is a flood warning device or village [2]. It generates an alarm signal about the occurrence of a flood or mudflow, which is transmitted over the air to a warning receiving station. Moreover, at the notification point of rare sound signals, after approximately an interval of 10 s, it signals the beginning of the flood and the level in the alignment of the first calculated value is reached. Reception of frequent sound signals, following one after another approximately in an interval of 1 s, signals the achievement of a flood level in the alignment of the second calculated value. Reception of a continuous sound signal warns of a disaster. However, the known device does not allow transmitting to the notification point data on the geographical coordinates of the occurrence of the flood, which reduces the reliability of warning the population of a formidable natural disaster.

 The aim of the invention is to increase reliability by transmitting and receiving at a notification point data on the geographical coordinates of the occurrence of a flood or mudflow.

 This is achieved by the fact that the device is equipped with a modulating code generator, a phase manipulator and a radio receiver consisting of a series-connected receiving antenna, a mixer, the second input of which is connected through a series-connected search block and a local oscillator to the output of a threshold block, an intermediate frequency amplifier, a frequency doubler, and a second meter the width of the spectrum, the comparison unit, the second input of which through the first meter of the width of the spectrum is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, threshold block, p the first key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the frequency doubler, and the recording unit connected to the local oscillator output, the second key, the second input, through the serially connected frequency divider into two and a narrow-band filter which is connected to the output of the threshold unit and the frequency meter, an audible alarm is connected to the output of the threshold unit, and between the output of the telegraph key and the input of the power amplifier the phase manipulator is switched on, the second input of which is connected to the output of the modulating code generator, the radio receiver is located at the notification point.

 In FIG. 1 presents a structural diagram of the proposed device; figure 2 a-g timing diagrams explaining the principle of operation of the device.

 A flood or village warning device comprises a radio transmitter 1, a multivibrator 2, a first 3, a second 4 and a third 5 level sensors with first 6, second 7 and third 8 sensing elements, the first 9, second 10 and third 11 relays, the first 12, second 13, third 14, fourth 15 and fifth 17 normally open contacts, output relay 16 of the multivibrator 2, resistor 18, first 19, second 20 and third 21 power sources, oscillator 22, modulating code generator 23, phase manipulator 24, power amplifier 25 transmitting antenna 26, radio 27, receiving an Ennu 28, mixer 29, search unit 30, local oscillator 31, intermediate frequency amplifier 32, detector 33, first 34 and second 36 spectrum width meters, frequency doubler 35, comparison unit 37, threshold unit 38, key 39, delay line 40, sound signaling device 41, a frequency divider 42 into two, a narrow-band filter 43, a phase detector 44, a recording unit 45, a second key 46 and a frequency meter 47, a telegraph key 48. Moreover, a telegraph key 48, a phase manipulator 24, and a second are connected to the output of the master oscillator 22 whose input is connected to the output the generator 23 of the modulating code, the power amplifier 25 and the transmitting antenna 26. In parallel with the telegraph key 48, the normally open contacts 14 and 17 are connected. The power source 20 is connected to the radio transmitter 1 and the multivibrator 2 through the normally open contacts 12. The power source 19 is connected to the radio transmitter 1 and multivibrator 2 through normally open contacts 15. Parallel to the resistor 18 are connected normally open contacts 13. To the power supply 21 are connected sensors 3, 4 and 5 of the level, each of which consists of series connected x 9 relays (10, 11) and the sensor 6 (7, 8). To the receiving antenna 28, a mixer 29 is connected in series, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator 31 to the output of the search unit 30, an intermediate frequency amplifier 32, a frequency doubler 35, a spectral width meter 36, a comparison unit 37, the second input of which is connected through a spectral width meter 34 the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 32, a threshold unit 38, the second input of which is connected through the delay line 40 to the output of the key 39, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 32, a phase detector 44, the second input to torogo through series-connected frequency divider 42 into two and the narrowband filter 43 is connected to the output of frequency doubler 35, and the registration unit 45. An audio signaling device 41 is connected to the output of the threshold unit 38. A key 46 is connected to the output of the local oscillator 31, the second input of which is connected to the output of the threshold unit 38, and a frequency meter 47.

 The principle of flood or village warning is based on the use of a complex phase-shift keyed (PSK) signal, which is emitted by a radio transmitter, received and selected by a radio receiver, detected and used to turn on an audible warning device. Moreover, the nature of the sound signals indicates the level of the flood or mudflow, and the registered code indicates the geographical coordinates of the occurrence of the flood or mudflow. At the same time, radio transmitters are installed in flood hazardous and mudflow hazardous areas, and a radio receiver is located at a warning point. The use of a complex QPSK signal allows the use of a new type of selection, structural selection, which provides higher noise immunity and reliability of isolation of the specified signal from other signals and interference operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals.

The device operates as follows. When the sensor 6 of level 3 sensor 6 is filled with water, the circuit of relay 9 closes to ground, relay 9 activates and closes contacts 12, through which power is supplied to radio transmitter 1 and multivibrator 2. At the same time, multivibrator 2 operates in unbalanced mode. The contacts 17 of the relay 16 of the multivibrator 2 periodically at regular intervals, for example, 10 s, close the circuit of the telegraph key 23 ₂ , the radio transmitter 1 which sends radio signals to the space through the same time interval.

After turning on the radio transmitter 1 high-frequency oscillation (figa)
u ₁ (t) U _c ˙cos (ω _c t + φ _c ), 0 ≅ t≅ T _c , where U _c , ω _c , φ _{c are the} amplitude, carrier frequency, and the initial phase of the high-frequency oscillation; from the output of the master oscillator 22 through the telegraph key 48 is supplied to the first input of the phase manipulator 24, the second input of which is supplied with a modulating code M (t) (fig.2b) from the output of the generator 23 of the modulating code. As a result of phase manipulation at the output of the phase manipulator 24, a phase-shift (PSK) signal is generated (Fig. 2c)
u ₂ (t) U _c ˙cos [ω _c t + φ _к (t) + φ _c ]
0 ≅t≅ T _s , where φ _к (t) = 0, π} is the manipulated phase component that displays the phase manipulation law in accordance with the modulating code M (t), and φ _к (t) const at К τ _э <t <(K + 1) τ _e and can change stepwise at t = K τ _e i.e. at the borders between elementary premises (K = 0,1,2, N-1);
τ _n , N is the duration and number of chips that make up a signal of duration T _s (T _s N ˙τ _e ). This signal, after amplification in the power amplifier 25, is radiated by the transmit antenna 26 into the air.

скорость изменения частоты гетеродина (скорость перестройки);
D_f диапазон просматриваемых частот;
Т_п период перестройки. На выходе смесителя 29 образуются напряжения комбинационных частот. Усилителем 32 выделяется напряжение промежуточной частоты
u_пр1(t) U_пр ˙cos[ω_прt+φ_к(t)-
-πγt²+φ_пр] 0 ≅t≅ T_c, где U_пр=

K₁U_cU_г,
К₁ коэффициент передачи смесителя;
ω_пр=ω_c-ω_г промежуточная частота;
φ_пр= φ_c-φ_г; которое поступает на вход обнаружителя 33, состоящего из измерителей 34 и 36 ширины спектра, удвоителя 35 частоты, блока 37 сравнения, порогового блока 38 и ключа 39.The PSK signal u ₂ (t) is captured by the receiving antenna 28 and is supplied to the first input of the mixer 29, the second input of which is supplied with the voltage of the ramp oscillator 31
u _g (t) U _g ˙cos (ω _g t + πγt ² + φ _g ),
0 ≅t≅ T _p , where U _g , ω _g , φ _g amplitude, initial frequency and initial phase of the local oscillator voltage;
γ

the rate of change of the local oscillator frequency (tuning rate);
D _f range of frequencies viewed;
T _{p the} period of adjustment. At the output of the mixer 29, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifier 32 allocates an intermediate frequency voltage
u _pr1 (t) U _pr ˙cos [ω _pr t + φ _к (t) -
-πγt ² + φ _pr ] 0 ≅t≅ T _c , where U _pr =

K ₁ U _c U _g
To ₁ gear ratio of the mixer;
ω _CR = ω _c -ω _g intermediate frequency;
φ _ol = φ _c -φ _g ; which is fed to the input of the detector 33, consisting of meters 34 and 36 of the width of the spectrum, a frequency doubler 35, a comparison unit 37, a threshold unit 38 and a key 39.

A voltage is generated at the output of the frequency doubler 35
u ₃ (t) U _pr ˙cos (2ω _pr t-2πγt ² +
+ 2φ _pr ), 0≅t≅T _c . Since 2 φ _к (t) 0, 2 π}, phase manipulation is already absent in the indicated voltage.

, тогда как ширина спектра Δ f_c ФМн-сигнала определяется длительностью τ_э его элементарных посылок (Δ f_c Δf_c

), т.е. ширина спектра Δ f₂ второй гармоники сигнала в N раз меньше ширины спектра Δ f_c входного сигнала:

≈ N Следовательно, при удвоении частоты ФМн-сигнала его спектр "сворачивается" в N раз. Это и позволяет обнаружить ФМн-сигнал среди шумов даже тогда, когда его мощность на выходе радиоприемника 27 меньше мощности шумов.The width of the spectrum Δ f _{2 of the} second harmonic is determined by the duration T of _the signal Δf ₂

, while the spectrum width Δ f _c FMN signal is determined by the duration τ _{e of} its elementary premises (Δ f _c Δf _c

), i.e. the width of the spectrum Δ f _{2 of the} second harmonic of the signal is N times smaller than the width of the spectrum Δ f _{c of the} input signal:

≈ N Therefore, when the frequency of the QPSK signal is doubled, its spectrum “folds” N times. This makes it possible to detect the QPSK signal among the noise even when its power at the output of the radio 27 is less than the noise power.

The spectral width Δ f _{c of the} input QPSK signal is measured using a meter 34, and the spectral width Δ f _{2 of the} second harmonic of the signal is measured using a meter 36. The voltage U ₁ and U ₂ are proportional to Δ f _c and Δ f _2, respectively, from the outputs of the meters 34 and 36 of the width of the spectrum are fed to two inputs of the comparison unit 37. Since U ₁ >> U ₂ , a positive voltage is generated at the output of the comparison unit 37, which exceeds the threshold level U _then in the threshold block 38. The threshold voltage U _then is selected so that it does not exceed random interference. If the threshold level U _pores is exceeded, a constant voltage is generated in the threshold unit 38, which is supplied to the control input of the search unit 30, turning it off, to the input of the delay line 40, to the input of the sound signaling device 41 and to the control inputs of the keys 39 and 46, opening them. Keys 39 and 46 in the initial state are always closed.

From this point in time, the process of searching for QPSK signals in a given frequency range D _f stops for the time of analysis and registration of the detected QPSK signal, which is determined by the delay time τ _{s of} the delay line 40. At the same time, the sound signaling device 41 delivers sound signals with an interval of 10 seconds ( T _and 10 s), which indicates the beginning of the flood and the achievement of the level in the alignment of the first calculated value.

The search unit 30 serves to “view” a given frequency range D _f and search for PSK signals in it corresponding to certain flood-hazardous and mudflow-hazardous areas. A sawtooth generator can be used as the search unit 30.

 Upon termination of the tuning of the local oscillator 31 by the intermediate frequency amplifier 32, the following voltage is released (Fig. 2d).

u _pr2 (t) U _pr ˙cos [ω _pr t + φ _к (t) + φ _pr ]
0 ≅t≅ T _c , which through the public key 39 enters the first input of the phase detector 44.

K₂·U $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{п}}$ _р
К₂ коэффициент передачи фазового детектора; соответствующее по форме модулирующему коду М(t) (фиг.2б). Указанное напряжение регистрируется блоком 45 регистрации. Данное напряжение содержит в цифровой форме данные о географических координатах, где возник паводок или сель.At the output of the frequency doubler 35 in this case, a harmonic voltage is generated (fig.2d)
u ₄ (t) U _pr ˙cos (2ω _pr t + 2φ _pr ),
0 ≅t≅ T _c ; which is fed to the input of the frequency divider 42 into two, and at the output of which a harmonic voltage is generated (FIG. 2e)
u ₅ (t) U _pr ˙cos (ω _pr t + φ _pr ), 0 ≅t≅ T _c . This voltage is allocated by a narrow-band filter 43, is used as a reference and is fed to the second input of the phase detector 44, the output of which is generated voltage (Fig. 2g)
u _n (t) U _n ˙cosφ _к (t), 0 ≅t≅ T _c , where U _н

K ₂ · U $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{P}}$ _R
K ₂ transfer coefficient of the phase detector; corresponding in form to the modulating code M (t) (fig.2b). The indicated voltage is recorded by the registration unit 45. This voltage contains in digital form data on the geographical coordinates where the flood or mudflow occurred.

 At the same time, the voltage of the local oscillator 31 through the public key 46 is supplied to the input of the frequency meter 47, where the frequency of the radio sensor installed in the place of the formation of the flood or mudflow is measured.

To increase the reliability of receiving a complex QPSK signal, the latter is duplicated several times with an interval of 10 seconds (T _p 10 s). This is ensured by the appropriate choice of the delay time τ _{s of} the delay line 40. After this time, the voltage from the output of the delay line 40 is supplied to the reset input of the threshold block 38 and resets its contents to zero. At the same time, the sound signaling device 41 stops its operation, and the keys 39 and 46 are closed, i.e., are transferred to their initial state. From this moment in time, the process of viewing a given frequency range D _f and searching for PSK signals continues. When the next QPSK signal falls into the passband Δ f _{p of the} radio receiver 27, the device operates in a similar manner.

With further raising of water in the alignment and filling of the sensitive element 7 of the level 4 sensor, the relay 10 is activated and its contacts 13 are closed and include the resistor 18 in the multivibrator 2 circuit. The inclusion of the resistor 18 in the multivibrator 2 circuit puts its operation in symmetrical mode, the multivibrator relay 16 is activated at equal intervals of time, for example, 1 second, and its contacts 17 close the circuit of the telegraph key 48 of the radio transmitter 1 after the same time interval (T _and 1 s).

 When the flood or mudflow level of the third value is reached, the sensing element 8 of the sensor 5 is flooded, the relay 11 is activated, its contact pair 14 closes the circuit of the telegraph key 48 of the radio transmitter 1, and the contact pair 15 connects a backup power source 19 to the device. When the telegraph key circuit is short-circuited, the radio transmitter 1 sends a continuous sound signal into space.

 When the water level or mudflow drops, sound signals will be transmitted by radio transmitter 1 in the reverse order.

 Thus, the proposed device in comparison with the prototype provides the transmission to the notification point not only sound signals, by the nature of which they judge the level of the flood or mudflow, but also their geographical coordinates of the occurrence of the flood or mudflow, which increases the reliability of warning the population of a formidable natural disaster . This is achieved by using a complex phase-shift keyed (PSK) signal that is emitted by a radio transmitter, received and selected by a radio receiver, detected and used to determine the geographical coordinates of the location of the flood or mudflow. At the same time, radio transmitters are installed in flood hazardous and mudflow hazardous areas, and a radio receiver is installed at an alert point.

 The use of a complex QPSK signal allows the use of a new type of selection, structural selection, which provides higher noise immunity and reliability of isolation of the specified signal from other signals and interference operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals.

 Signs of determining the geographical coordinates of the occurrence of a flood or mudflow are the frequency and digital code transmitted using the PSK signal.

Claims (1)

 A WATER OR VILLAGE NOTICE DEVICE containing three level sensors, in each of which a sensitive element is connected to one relay output, the other relay outputs are combined and connected to the first power source, a multivibrator whose output is connected to a radio transmitter connected to the second power source through the make contact of the relay of the first level sensor, the make contact of the relay of the second level sensor is connected in series with the resistor to one of the arms of the multivibrator, the make contact of the relay of the third sensor the level are connected respectively to the circuit of the telegraph key of the radio transmitter and the third power source, the make contacts of the multivibrator relay are connected in parallel with the make contact of the relay of the third level sensor and the telegraph key of the radio transmitter, characterized in that a modulating code generator, phase manipulator, power amplifier, master oscillator and a radio receiver consisting of a series-connected receiving antenna, a mixer, the second input of which through a series-connected hetero the dyn and the search block are connected to the output of the threshold block, which is connected to one of the inputs of the first and second keys, the output of the second key is connected to the input of the frequency meter, the other input of the second key is connected to the output of the local oscillator, the mixer output is connected through the intermediate frequency amplifier to the inputs of the first meter the width of the spectrum, the frequency doubler and another input of the first key, the output of the first meter of the width of the spectrum through the comparison unit is connected to the input of the threshold block, the second input of which is connected to the output of the delay line, whose input and the sound detector input are connected to the output of the threshold unit, the output of the first key is connected to the first input of the phase detector, the output of which is connected to the registration unit, the output of the frequency doubler through the second spectral width meter is connected to the second input of the comparison unit and through the frequency divider for two s the input of a narrow-band filter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase detector.

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