RU2038554C1 - Device for drying materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drying materials. SUBSTANCE: device has drying chamber 2 provided with air slots 3 made in side walls 2. Covering means 4 is mounted above material 5 to be dried to define ventilation air space. Pipe line 7, through which air is supplied with engine 9, underlies material 5. Covering means 4 are mounted for permitting their rolling up by roller pipes 10 and 11 provided with rotation drive 12. When the sun is shining, covering means 4 are wound on pipe 10 (11). Engine 9 can operate in the delivery operation condition as well as the sucking operational condition. Mechanism 9 for stirring is used for efficient drying of material 5. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of drying. 3 cl, 11 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a drying unit, in particular for drying various materials, mainly agricultural bulk products, for example, grain or hay.

 In cold dryers, the drying air is further heated under severe drying conditions in order to improve the drying air's ability to bind water. Additional heating can be obtained using electric or fuel-fired heaters, as well as through heat exchangers connected to heating systems.

 Known devices for the utilization of solar radiation energy for heating drying air. A device is known in which a film is used, which is permeable to sunlight, made, for example, of plastic or glass, while the drying air is taken from the space bounded by this film. It is also known to use in such devices a structure that is permeable to air, for example, thin boards, nets, veils, etc. through which the drying air is sucked in, whereby these structures give up part of the energy of solar radiation concentrated in them, the drying air passing through them.

 A device for drying various materials is known, comprising a drying chamber having side walls with air slots, coating means installed above the material to be dried to form ventilation air space, an air pipe under the material to be dried, bounded below by ground, and above by a perforated wall, and an injection motor for air supply through the air pipeline.

 In this device, the coating means is made in the form of a stationary gable roofing, formed by a system of blackened trough-like elements, over which a transparent wall is installed with a gap in the ridge part of the ceiling with a gap relative to these elements. This gap is blocked by other inverted trough-like elements, forming together with the first elements of a niche for air intake.

 In all the structural solutions described above, dehumidifying air is forced to flow through the collecting structure before it enters the material to be dried. However, since the radiation is collected using the material of the structure, part of the energy of solar radiation, of the order of 40-90%, always remains in this material, the utilized radiation energy is only 10-60%. In addition, the known device is characterized by the complexity of the design, which increases its cost .

 The purpose of the invention is the development of the design of a device for drying various materials, in which the coating means, providing protection of the dried material from rain, would allow to supply solar radiation energy to this material to the maximum extent possible.

 The goal is achieved in that a device for drying various materials, comprising a drying chamber having side walls with air slots, covering means installed above the material to be dried to form ventilation air space, an air pipe under the material to be dried, bounded below by ground, and above by a perforated wall, and an injection motor for supplying air through the air pipe, further comprises at least one roller tube for folding onto it coating means and at least one set of roller tubes supported by covering means. In this case, it is expedient to equip the device with a mechanism for rotating the roller tube for folding covering means on it and a mechanism for blocking rotational motion. To increase the drying efficiency, it is also desirable to equip the device with a tedding mechanism of the material to be dried, made in the form of a drum-shaped elongated cylinder with protrusions on its surface, interacting with the drive motor via a gear having a gear mounted on the cylinder shaft and a gear plate attached to the side walls cameras with the ability to move in vertical and horizontal directions.

 The device for drying various materials due to equipping it with a system of roller tubes for folding, unrolling and supporting coating means on them, is characterized by high efficiency of utilization of solar energy in the position when the coating means are folded, and reliable protection of the dried material from atmospheric precipitation in the position when these means deployed.

 The dual task of covering agents, shelter from rain and providing exposure to solar radiation, is easily achievable, since both its parts are performed at different points in time, i.e. they are not alternative to each other. The device has a simple design and is characterized by low cost.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device for drying various materials; in FIG. 2 same, cross section; in FIG. 3 design of the bottom of the device; in FIG. 4 node I in FIG. 2; in FIG. 5 node II in FIG. 2, an option with the envelope ends of the rafters; in FIG. 6 intermediate support for a roller tube, partial section; in FIG. 7 tedding mechanism, side view; in FIG. 8 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 7; in FIG. 9 arrangement of a tedding mechanism in a drying device; in FIG. 10 embodiment of friction blocking of roller tubes; in FIG. 11 roller tube with a rotation drive and sensors of its automatic position control system.

 Depicted in FIG. 1 and 2, a device for drying various materials, for example hay or grain, contains a drying chamber 1 having side walls 2 with air slots 3, covering means 4 of flexible material, mounted above the material to be dried 5 to form a ventilation air space 6. The device also contains an air pipe 7 under the material to be dried 5, bounded from below by ground, from above by a perforated wall 8. In the pipe 7, a pressure motor 9 is installed for pumping air through the pipe 7. In addition to The second device comprises a roller tube 10 for folding coating means 4 thereon, extending along the entire length of the drying chamber 1 outside it, and a second roller tube 11 located symmetrically to the tube 10 on the opposite side of the drying chamber 1. Each of the tubes 10 and 11 is provided with a drive 12 rotations. The coating means 4 are fastened by one edge with the roller tube 10 and the opposite edge by means of tie rods or cords with the tube 11. The rafters 13 form the basis of the entire structure of the drying chamber 1, the lower part of this structure being shown in detail in FIG. 3.

 To reduce friction when moving the coating means 4 (Fig. 4), a freely rotating roller tube 14 is located above the ridge of the drying chamber 1. There can be several such tubes in the direction of movement of the coating 4, however, one is shown in the described example.

 Considering the fact that the covering means 4 in the expanded position should protect the dried material from oblique rain, however, leaving the slots 3 open for air flow, the rafters 13 (Fig. 5, b) of the covering means, as well as the covering means 4 themselves are made extending as rather long cornices beyond the level of walls 2. If the grain is left in the drying chamber also for the winter, then the slots 3 for the air flow must also be protected from snowstorm or snow. This protection can easily be done by bending the ends of the rafters 13 to the level of the walls 2 (Fig. 5, a). In the drying position, the bent rafters can again be raised up to the position (Fig. 5, b), whereby again a gap 3 is formed for the air flow. The bendable ends are connected to the rafters by means of hinges 15 and are equipped with fixing pins 16 and 17 for the positions “a” and “b” of the bendable ends, respectively.

 Intermediate support of the roller tubes 11 and 14 (FIG. 6) can be easily carried out because the coating means do not interfere with the support, but the support of the roller tube 10, which allows it to be rolled up by the covering means 4, is made by means of the device (FIG. 6). The roller tube 10 is placed in a wide recess formed by several easily rotating small rollers 18 around the perimeter of the roller tube 10, by which this roller tube is supported.

 Thanks to this design, the support is mainly directed downward of the drying chamber or depends on existing loads. The support does not perceive upward loads, but in situations where they are present, or in the cover position, when a strong wind is blowing and the covering means are released from the rolled up roll, a strong support can and should be used that also blocks the rotational movement of the roller tube, such as binding or other support.

 For a more uniform drying of the material 5, the drying device is equipped with a tedding mechanism 19 (Figs. 7 and 8). The mechanism 19 is made in the form of a drum-shaped elongated cylinder 20 with protrusions 21 on its surface, interacting with a powerful drive motor 22 by means of a gear train having a gear wheel 23 mounted on the shaft 24 of the cylinder 20. The mechanism 19 also includes a gear plate 25 connected to the walls 2 The torque from the engine 22 through the gear 26 or friction gear 27 with a V-belt and through the shaft 24 and the planetary gear is transmitted to the cylinder 20 of the agitating mechanism 19. The position of the pulley 28 and the powerful engine 22 can be adjusted using elongated holes 29 and 30. The connection of the transmission strap 25 with the wall structure is made with the possibility of movement in the vertical and horizontal directions (Fig. 8) using the elements 31-35, allowing, therefore, " floating "work. The panel 35 can be used for fastening to the wall 2, to avoid damage to the wall.

 The automatic rotation blocking for both roller tubes 10 and 11 can be arranged so that the force of the spring 36 (Fig. 10) automatically stops the rotation movement by pressing the clip 37 against the side surface of the tube 10 (11), and this blocking is released by exceeding the spring force 36 by an electromagnet 38, which creates the desired delay of the magnetization current by advancing the start of the electric motor for any roller tube 10 (11).

 The operation of the rotation drives 12 (Fig. 11) of the coating means 4 acting as displacement drives can be automatically controlled by a measuring device measuring the relative humidity of the air, whereby exceeding the threshold humidity value turns the drive 12 of the roller tube 11 into operation after operation of the limit switch stops this operation. It is possible to use a limit position sensor 39 as a limit switch, which is integrated in the edge of the coating means 4, in addition there is also a sensor 40 connected to the movement drive 12, interacting with the sensor 39 and stopping the rotation.

 A device for drying is used as follows.

 The material to be dried is placed in the drying chamber 1 on the perforated wall 8. In sunny weather, the coating means 4 is rolled up onto a roller tube 10, which is driven by a drive. In this case, the material 5 to be dried is exposed to direct sunlight (shown by arrows 41 in Fig. 2). The energy of solar radiation directed to the material 5 increases the temperature in the surface parts of the material due to the action of radiation and the absorption capacity of the material, evaporating water from the material in the area exposed to radiation. The material, in turn, distributes the volume of increased heating in the surrounding atmosphere, increasing the temperature of the air. The relative humidity of the heated air is reduced, and therefore, according to the Mollier table, the ability to bind water or the drying effect is improved. Humidity in the surface parts decreases relatively quickly to a state of equilibrium with relative humidity in the surrounding atmosphere and the result begins to prevent the drying of deeper layers. To utilize radiation, it is useful to establish a direct relationship between radiation and humidity with each other. This can be achieved in two ways. Firstly, by passing the air stream through the material layer under low pressure inward from the surface, whereby the absorbed radiation transfers its heat to the air stream flowing through it, and the heat is transferred with the air stream to even wetter parts of the material, evaporating water from it in accordance with the equilibrium between the relative humidity of the air and the humidity of the material. Secondly, by moving the wet material according to the evaporative effect of the radiation by tedding to the surface. An air distribution conduit 7 is placed under the material to be dried, through which dehumidifying air is pumped with the aid of the engine 9 and flows through the material for selective drying, either in the suction direction with negative pressure or in the direction of discharge with overpressure. It is usually advantageous, especially in sunny weather, to use the direction with negative pressure as the primary working direction, since the energy of radiation from the deeper layers is utilized automatically, and to use the auxiliary working direction, mainly in unstable weather, and to equalize the difference between different layers material humidity, working direction with overpressure. When the coating means 4 are in the coating position, the amount of radiation reaching the material is negligible, and the amount of radiation in unstable weather, especially in rain, is not very large.

 It is advantageous to use the working direction with excess pressure for materials whose repeated tedding is relatively easy to carry out, or when they do not want the radiation to reach deeper parts.

 The necessary part, which relies on the operation of the drying chamber, includes easily moving coating means 4, which function in a covering or unfolded position as a shelter from the rain and which, when rolled up, provide direct sunlight to the material to be dried.

 In the covering means 4 located on the rafters 13 (FIG. 2), a negative pressure working direction is also possible when the coating takes place. Enough air is supplied through the slots 3 to create an air flow under the coating means 4. When drying materials that are sensitive to quality damage, such as grain, when they try to use the weather correctly during drying, the coating agents are converted to the coating position in accordance with weather conditions and in folded position whereby the coating means are in the position rolled up or are pulled by the rotational movement of the roller tube 11 by means of tapes or evok to get shelter from the rain.

 Since the material to be dried functions directly as an absorbing surface, the radiation does not remain on the collecting structure and for the material to be dried, the efficiency is up to 100%. There is also no need for a collecting structure, the collection is lossless. In the absence of a collecting structure, there is also no frictional resistance to the drying air caused by the collecting structure.

 A coverless device and an alternative working direction with a negative pressure of the drying apparatus is also useful in that, for example, dust in the grain material, which must accumulate on the grain surface during the working direction with excessive pressure, is sucked out at a negative pressure with an air stream. Consequently, the grain has significantly less dust. In a conventional cold drying device with excess pressure, a crust forms on the surface of the grain layer, especially at the initial stage of drying, which must be constantly broken. The basis of this cortical formation is dusty material collected on the surface of the grain layer by air flow and moisture condensation on the surface layers. When air saturated with moisture is released into the cold internal air of the drying chamber body, the air reaches the dew point, water vapor condenses in the form of dew drops and form a dense crust together with the dust material that has arisen on the surface of the material. In the negative pressure working direction, dust is sucked out from the material with the air flow, and when the air is released from the material into the relatively small air space of the air pipe, where the speed is slightly higher compared to the air space in the dryer, and where the air temperature corresponds to the temperature of the material , the dew point is not reached and therefore a crust is not formed. Although in fact the crust does not form in this case, however, it is possible to equalize the moisture between the different layers of the material using the working direction with excess pressure as an auxiliary working direction, if some factors require this. The alignment required for humidity can be so large in some situations, mainly in buffer drying devices that have a thick layer of grain, that they systematically circulate grain from one part of the drying device to another or from one drying device to another. It should be noted that drying occurs in the direction of air flow and that humidity increases in the direction of air flow.

 In a drying device, differences in the humidity of the material in its volume can be smoothed out by a corresponding change in the working direction of the air flow or by tedding the material using the tedding mechanism 19. A drying device with movable coverslips 4 can be easily filled directly from a combine harvester. Such a drying device can also be immediately unloaded, for example, by means of a grain auger.

 A significant advantage is also a reduction in cost.

 Drying always extends in the direction of movement of the drying air, and when the negative pressure working direction is used, the drying spreads from top to bottom, so that already dried material can be selectively removed from the surface of the drying device during the drying process, and therefore, the work of the discharge in the thinning layer is facilitated grain.

 The channel shape of the air distribution pipe 7 in the drying device is not critical for the radiation collecting device.

 The shape of the drying chamber, is it flat or includes a high or low ridge, or half elliptical, is not significant. It is essential that the sun's rays can freely fall on the material, and that the radiation is disposed of for more efficient drying than in the surface parts, either by negative pressure or by agitating the material layer.

Claims (3)

 1. DEVICE FOR DRYING VARIOUS MATERIALS, containing a drying chamber having side walls with air slots, covering means installed above the dried material with the formation of ventilation air space, an air pipe under the dried material, bounded below by ground, and above by a perforated wall, and a blower motor for supplying air through an air pipe, characterized in that the device further comprises at least one roller tube for folding I have covering agents on it and at least one set of roller tubes with support on which covering agents are located.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a mechanism for rotating the roller tube for folding covering means on it and a mechanism for blocking rotational movement.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a mechanism for tedding the dried material, made in the form of a drum-shaped elongated cylinder with protrusions on its surface, interacting with the drive motor through a gear having a gear mounted on the cylinder shaft, and a toothed bar attached to the side walls of the chamber with the possibility of movement in the vertical and horizontal directions.

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