RU2037009C1 - Hydraulic structure navigable pass gate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering. SUBSTANCE: improved gate differs from known floating gate by design of body. Improved gate body has box-like pontoon with parallel longitudinal faces and box-like columns mounted on deck face in perpendicular relation with respect to pontoon longitudinal faces. Ballast sections of pontoon and columns, gate ballast system for receiving and pimping ballast from one group of sections into another group of sections allow vertical immersion and turning of gate relative to its longitudinal axis through 90 deg. to be effectuated. When gate is in turned position, it is disposed on bottom of navigable pass in operating state. In this case pontoon acts as closure member and columns oriented towards downstream wall act as pontoon strengthening members and pontoon supporting devices. When in inoperative floating position, with columns oriented upward, gate may be used as mooring construction. When in docking mode, gate may be used for docking ships and other vessels on pontoon deck between columns for preventive inspection and repairing of underwater part of ship and vessels. EFFECT: increased efficiency and wider operational capabilities. 24 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and more specifically to the design of gates designed to close the ship's apertures of water structures (dams, dams).

 The proposed design can be used to overlap large surface culvert holes (in width and height) for any other purpose. Also, this design can be used to block the gates of dry docks, inclined stocks of other shipbuilding and ship repair structures.

 Existing designs of hydraulic locks are described in TSB, vol. 6. The design of a floating shutter-botaport is described in the books Hydrotechnical Structures, R. R. Chuguev. M. Higher School, 1978 and Mechanical equipment of hydraulic structures. M. Energy Publishing, 1982.

 The dimensions of all existing floating gates are limited by the requirements for the required strength of their design. The ability to use removable intermediate (along the width of the hole) supports, which are used for gates, for example, on irrigation dams, are practically unrealistic in this case, since the installation-removal operation of the supports is technically difficult and their design under loads typical of large-span and high-pressure gates The culverts become excessively bulky and massive.

 As a prototype of the proposed shutter design adopted floating shutter-botaport. The prototype shutter has a floating pontoon, in the lower part of its internal volume containing ballast compartments, a ballast system, a system of air ventilation pipes with an exit through the top deck of the bootaport. With the help of the ballasting of the compartments, the sediment of the botaport is changed, which is used to block the ship opening. The bootport equipped with towing and mooring devices moves (in the floating mode) and is positioned in the alignment of the ship’s opening, water is taken into the ballast compartments, the bootport sits on the bottom of the ship’s opening, the height and length of the bootport hull cover the area of the opening. The opening of the ship begins with the pumping of ballast and the ascent of the botaport, after which the botaport is withdrawn from the alignment of the ship's opening.

 Given the height and length of the bootport hull, due to the throughput dimensions of the blocked hole, the width of the bootport, the values of the structural parameters of the sheet outer sheathing, the elements of the internal set (bulkheads, reinforcing beams) of the bootport hull are determined by the requirements for its required strength (general and local) under load the pressure side of the botaport and the resulting water pressure differential from the external and internal sides of the shutter.

 In the proposed design of the floating shutter, a box-shaped pontoon with parallel longitudinal faces and length dimensions determined by the length of the ship's opening is considered. The distance between the longitudinal faces, the width of the pontoon, is determined by the height of the port (the height of the walls of the port). The end walls of the pontoon can be perpendicular to the longitudinal ones, and the deck and bottom faces of the pontoon in this case have the shape of a rectangle. In the idle position, the pontoon floats on the surface of the water along the waterline determined by the draft, limited by the height of the pontoon (the distance between the deck and bottom faces). The internal volume of the pontoon is divided by bulkheads into ballast compartments. The main groups of compartments are formed using longitudinal waterproof bulkheads.

 On the deck side of the pontoon, perpendicular to its longitudinal sides, vertical towers are also box-shaped. The end compartments of the towers coincide with the planes of the longitudinal faces of the pontoon. The width and height of the tower are determined by the values of its internal volume, the horizontal cross-sectional area (waterline), necessary under the conditions of the static operating conditions of the shutter. The number of towers along the length of the pontoon is also determined by the conditions of its overall strength as a continuous structure of closure with intermediate supports, the role of which in the working position is played by the tower. The internal volume of the towers is divided into ballast compartments by vertical impermeable bulkheads installed in the planes of the longitudinal impermeable bulkheads of the pontoon, as well as horizontal impermeable platforms, the topmost platform acts as a safety deck (determines the maximum draft of the pontoon-shutter during its vertical immersion).

 The ballast system of the shutter consists of a receiving pipe, a pump and a discharge-pumping pipe. Pipes for receiving, casting and pumping pipelines are carried out in each of the ballast compartments of the pontoon and towers. As part of the ballast system, there are collector pipes having connections to sea water (receiving and ejection openings) and corresponding internal pipelines. Ballast water movement through pipelines is controlled by clinket closures. Energy is supplied to actuators and ballast system devices via flexible communications (power cable, flexible hydraulic piping) from a central control panel (CPU) installed outside the shutter, for example, on the wall of a ship passage structure. In the same way, the external CPU communicates with the sensors of the control and measurement system for controlling the shutters (sensors for measuring the amount of ballast in the compartments, immersion of the pontoon angles to control the position of the shutter, sensors for controlling the opening and closing of clinkets, etc.).

Using the ballast system and the controlled filling of the ballast compartments, the shutter can change its floating position on the water. With uniform filling of the ballast compartments of the pontoon and towers, the bolt is vertically immersed in water. When ballasting is uneven with respect to the pontoon’s plane, or pumping ballast previously evenly received into the pontoon from compartments located between the longitudinal face and the pontoon’s diametrical plane into compartments adjacent to the opposite longitudinal face, the shutter will rotate about its longitudinal axis, and when the ballast compartments of the towers are filled accordingly the shutter will be brought into position, turned to the original by 90 ^about . Appropriate ballasting of the compartments of the shutter in this position will only change the draft. Reverse ballasting will return the bolt to its original position.

Inverted towards a navigation opening 90 and the increase ^of rainfall planted on the bottom of a navigation opening the shutter takes its working position overlaps the navigation opening hole. In this position, the towers are on the side of the downstream and with their end faces rest on the bottom of the ship-passing structure (flatbet), they become supports for the construction of the pontoon, the bottom side of which receives water pressure from the side of the upstream.

The proposed design of the shutter has the following properties that are not inherent in the distinguishing features in the known technical solutions and are not equal to the sum of these properties:
the design of the shutter in the form of a floating box pontoon by the towers allows you to use the inactive position of the shutter as a berthing structure, as well as for setting up (docking) on the deck side of the pontoon (between the towers) of ships for the purpose of preventive repair, and in the working position it acts as an overlapping element having supports, the functions of which are performed by the design of the shutter towers;
ballast shutter system, incorporating ballast pumps, receiving and casting pipelines, clinket system, air pipes discharged through the upper parts of the towers, always remaining above the water; ballast compartments, the main groups of which are formed by longitudinal watertight bulkheads, allow the shutter to evenly immerse and rotate relative to its longitudinal axis;
control and monitoring of the ballast system, control of the shutter position is carried out from an external CPU through flexible communications, which allows the shutter (rotated 90 ^° ) to be placed on the bottom of the ship's passage to fulfill its working function without maintenance personnel on board it.

 The listed properties allow us to conclude that the technical solution of the floating shutter of the ship throughput meets the criterion of "Inventive step".

In FIG. 1 shows a floating shutter in projections from above (Fig. 1, a), from the side of the longitudinal side of the pontoon (Fig. 1, b) and its end face (Fig. 1, c); in FIG. 2 consecutive shutter positions during its rotation by 90 ^° ; in FIG. 2, and the start of rotation, 2, g, the final rotated by 90 ^{about the} position of the shutter; in FIG. 3, the operating position of the shutter blocking the navigable aperture of the water support structure: FIG. 3, and a view from the side of the upper pool (on the bottom face of the pontoon); 3, b is a top view; 3, in section AA in FIG. 3 a; in FIG. 4 fragment of the ballast system.

 The floating bolt (FIG. 1) has a pontoon 1 and towers 2. In FIG. 1 as an example, shows a bolt, on the pontoon of which there are 3 towers, two at the extremities, one in the middle of the length of the pontoon. Using longitudinal waterproof bulkheads 3, the main groups of ballast compartments 4, 5, 6 are formed. Waterproof bulkheads 7 and platforms 8, 9 form ballast compartments in the towers. Platform 9 serves as a safety deck.

 In the upper part of the shutter towers, which always remains above the water (Fig. 2), the output 10 of the system of air pipes of the ballast compartments is made. From the shutter to the external CPU (Fig. 3, a) held a flexible communication cable 11.

 Ballast system, FIG. 4, consists of a centrifugal pump 12, a suction port 13, a ballast manifold 14, nozzles of a ballast pipe 15, 16, 17, a suction and discharge nozzles 18 and 19, a pumping manifold 20, pumping nozzles 21, 22, 23, clinket closures 24-32 . The ballast pipe nozzles are terminated in each of the ballast compartments by intake-drain diffusers 33, air tubes 34 exit the ballast compartments. The casting hole 35.

 In the inoperative position, the bolt is moored at the wall of the water support structure in the immediate vicinity of the ship's opening. Here, the pontoon 1 (Fig. 1) of the shutter is used as a berth structure or as a slipway for routine inspection and repair of the underwater part of ships that can be put on the deck of the pontoon between towers 2 (Fig. 1) in the dock operating mode of the shutter (vertical immersion) -surfacing).

 To close the ship-through opening, the bolt is diverted from the wall (using tugs or cables and towing winches installed on the wall of the ship-passing structure). On the cross-beam of the ship-through opening, control of the ballast shutter system from the external CPU using flexible cable connection 11 begins (Fig. 3, a). Clinket closures 24, 26, 27, 28 (Fig. 4) are opened (all other clinkets are closed) of all groups of ballast compartments 4, 5, 6 (Fig. 1). In this case, uniform ballasting occurs by gravity), the shutter increases the draft, vertically immersed in water. Upon reaching a draft corresponding to the minimum value of the freeboard of the pontoon (300-500 mm), open clinkets are closed, the shutter is prepared for turning (ships placed on the slipway deck of the shutter pontoon must be withdrawn beforehand). To create a heeling moment, it is necessary to pump the ballast into compartments adjacent to the supporting faces of the pontoon and the towers, with which the bolt is positioned in the direction of the ship's opening. Let in FIG. 1 these will be the compartments of group 6. Then, in order to pump the ballast from compartments 5 to compartments 6, clinket closures 27, 29, 32 open and pump 12 starts (Fig. 4). And for pumping ballast also from the group of compartments 4, it is necessary to open the clinket 28. Similarly, the ballast is received and pumped into the compartments of the towers (the pumping nozzles of these compartments are not shown). When filling the ballast compartments, air is displaced by water from the compartments through the air pipes 34 and enters the atmosphere from the exits on the towers 10 (Fig. 2).

где Т₉₀, Т_н осадки в повернутом положении и начальном (вертикальном в пределах высоты понтона) погружении;
L, B длина и ширина понтона;
b ширина башни;
n количество башен;
LB; (Lh + nbB) площади ватерлиний понтона и периметра продольной грани понтона плюс торцевые грани башен.Under the influence of the heeling moment arising from the pumping of the ballast, the shutter heels, while simultaneously increasing its draft. The shutter draft in 90 ° rotated ^{about the} position relative to the draft of the initial dive is determined by the dependence:
T ₉₀ T _n

where T ₉₀ , T _n precipitation in the rotated position and the initial (vertical within the pontoon height) dive;
L, B length and width of the pontoon;
b tower width;
n number of towers;
LB; (Lh + nbB) the area of the waterlines of the pontoon and the perimeter of the longitudinal face of the pontoon plus the end faces of the towers.

The ratio LB / (Lh + nbB) may have a value of 3-5. For example, at T _n 4.0 m T ₉₀ = 15-20 m. Draft T ₉₀ should not exceed the depth of the water at the threshold of the ship-through opening, while the shutter should maintain its “Flat keel” position. As a result of this, the shutter rotation procedure takes place under control, remotely from the CPU using flexible cable connection 11 (Fig. 3).

 In the inverted floating position, the shutter is inserted into the target of the ship-through hole, pressed against the sealing device of the side walls of the hole, additionally ballasted to uniformly increase draft. For this purpose, the clinkets 24 and 29 are opened, the pump 12 (Fig. 4) is turned on, and the clinkets 30 or (and) 31 are opened. The shutter sits with support faces on the bottom of the ship passage structure and closes the ship passage hole, FIG. 3 a; 3, b and 3, c.

The dynamics of the shutter in the process of opening the hole occurs in the reverse order described above. When pumping ballast klinket 24 closed klinkety 29, 25 open, by the pump 12, klinketov 26, 27, 28 is carried out controlled by pumping ballast, whereby the shutter rises (it is withdrawn from the hole) is rotated by ⁹⁰ and floats on the original pellet their inoperative position.

Claims (3)

 1. SHIPPING SHIPPING HOLIDAY OF A HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURE, including a pontoon with ballast compartments, ballast system, mooring and towing devices, the length and width of the pontoon being equal to the width and height of the culvert hole, characterized in that the pontoon is made in the form of a flat box with a longitudinal box forming ballast compartments, and towers made in the form of flat hollow baskets with service platforms in the upper part, mounted across the pontoon on its upper it has a deck face, and the towers are also made with watertight bulkheads forming ballast compartments, and each ballast compartment is equipped with an air tube, the outlet of which is located at the top of one of the towers.  2. The shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the ballast system is equipped with a remote control device.  3. The shutter according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the ballast system is provided with a pipeline connecting the ballast compartments to each other.