RU2032992C1 - Photodetector of moving images - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: television systems. SUBSTANCE: photodetector of moving images has first and second input and output matrixes of light-sensitive elements integrated into strips with the use of interelement charge coupling. Matrixes are placed at input and output of image in field of vision of photodetector so that like strips are arranged on one line and are oriented in parallel to direction of movement of image. In addition photodetector includes unit of input signal processing connected directly and through second delay line to input matrixes, unit of output signal processing connected directly and through second delay line to output matrixes, signal comparison unit coupled directly to unit of output signal processing and to input signal comparison unit through first delay line. EFFECT: enhanced probability of isolation of mobile objects under interference conditions. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to television monitoring and tracking systems, in particular to devices for the allocation of moving objects in the field of view of the device.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the likelihood of separation of moving objects in an interference environment.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the photodetector containing the first input and first output matrix of photosensitive elements, the first and second delay blocks, a clock pulse generator connected to its outputs with the control inputs of the first input and first output matrix of photosensitive elements of the first and second delay blocks, sensor the speed of the image, the output of which is connected to a clock generator, n second input matrices of photosensitive elements are introduced, sequentially setting data in front of the first input matrix of photosensitive elements, n second output matrices of photosensitive elements sequentially installed in front of the first output matrix of photosensitive elements, an input signal processing unit connected by its inputs to the output of the first input matrix of photosensitive elements and through n second delay blocks with outputs of n second input matrices of photosensitive elements, and the output with the first delay unit, the processing unit of the output signals, connected by its inputs to by the course of the first output matrix of photosensitive elements and through n second delay blocks with outputs of n second output matrices of photosensitive elements, a comparison unit connected to its inputs with the output of the first delay block and the output of the output signal processing block, the control inputs of the second input and output matrices of photosensitive elements, block processing the input signals, the processing unit of the output signals and the comparison unit are connected to the outputs of the clock generator.

 Figure 1 shows the photodetector; figure 2 embodiment of the processing unit of the input (output) signals; figure 3 an embodiment of a comparison unit; figure 4 is a timing diagram of the voltage at the output of the blocks of the photodetector.

The photodetector contains a first input matrix 1 ¹ and a first output matrix 2 ^{1 of} photosensitive elements integrated into a ruler by charge-cell interconnection and located within the linear field of view 3 of the lens (not shown in Fig.) So that the orientation of the lines coincides with the direction of image movement. The diameter of the linear field of view D, the dimensions of the first input and output matrices are l x L. The distance between the output elements of the matrices 1 ¹ , 2 ¹ is 1 cm. In front of the matrices 1 ¹ , 2 ¹ , respectively, n second input matrices 1 ² .1 ^{n + 1} and n second output matrices 2 ² .2 ^{n + 1} (figure 1 shows the case of n 2). Each of the n matrices is identical to the first and also has the size lxL. Moreover, the distance between the output elements of the first matrix and the ith second matrix is a design parameter and for the case shown in figure 1, is l _i il / l ₁ l, l ₂ 2 l /.

 Each matrix is a complete transmitting television device, which is a large (ultra-large) integrated circuit made using solid-state technology. The matrix, in addition to the photosensitive elements, also contains "intra-crystal framing electronics" (not shown in Fig.), Which includes master oscillators, level shapers, readout circuits, amplifiers, and other elements ensuring the operation of the matrix. In this case, one or several matrices can be placed on one crystal.

The outputs of the first input matrix 1 ¹ directly and the outputs of the second input matrices 1 ² .1 ^{n + 1} through delay blocks 4 ¹ .4 ⁿ are connected to the inputs of the input signal processing block 5. The outputs of the first output matrix 2 ¹ directly and the outputs of the second output matrix 2 ² .2 ^{n + 1} through blocks 6 ¹ .6 ⁿ delay connected to the inputs of the block 7 processing the output signals. The output of block 7 directly and the output of block 5 through the first delay block 8 are connected to the input of signal comparison block 9. Control inputs of matrices 1 ¹ .1 ^{n + 1} , 2 ¹ . 2 ^{n + 1} , blocks 4 ¹ . 4 ⁿ , 5, 6 ¹ .6 ⁿ , 7, 8, 9 are connected to a clock generator 10, which in turn is connected to the image speed sensor 11.

". На фиг.2 показан случай k 2, m 3.Blocks 5, 7 can be made identical and consist, for example, (Fig. 2) of n + 1 parallel-connected pulsing blocks 12 ¹ .12 ^{n + 1} connected to the inputs of a logic block 13 that implements the function "k from

". Figure 2 shows the case of k 2, m 3.

 Block 9 can be made, for example, (Fig. 3) in the form of a series-connected adder 14 and a threshold circuit 15, with the first input of the adder connected directly to the output of block 7, and the second input connected to the output of the first delay block 8 through an inverter 16.

In figure 4, the following notation: U _m threshold level; for other voltages U, the subscript indicates the block number, the superscript corresponds to the superscript of the block; T ₁ l / V _of block 4 delay time; T ₂ 2l / V _of the delay time of the lock 4 ² ; T _cm l _cm / V _of the delay time of block 8; V _{of the} speed of the image; 17 signal from a fixed object, 18 signal from a moving object, 19 noise emission, 20 location of a signal suppressed by noise, 21 pulses from a fixed object, 22 pulse from a moving object, 23 pulse from noise emission, 24 location of an impulse not formed due to noise suppression, 25 inverted impulse from a stationary object, 26 inverted impulse from a moving object.

 The photodetector of moving images works as follows.

A controlled field containing moving and stationary objects is projected onto a photosensitive matrix 1 ¹ , 1 ² , 1 ³ , 2 ¹ , 2 ² , 2 ³ using a lens (not shown). Due to the movement of the base, a moving image is projected onto the matrix. The magnitude and direction of the image velocity during operation are assumed to be unchanged. Under the influence of light, charge packets are formed in the photosensitive elements. By manipulating the voltages, charge packets flow from the element to the element of the line. The speed of the packets is set by clock pulses (not shown) from the generator 10. The control is carried out in such a way that the charge packets move along all the lines synchronously with a speed equal to the speed of the image, resulting in the accumulation of charges. After the charge packets reach the output elements of the matrices, the signals are sequentially read. Such reading is carried out in each step. Read signals from matrices 1 ¹ , 1 ² , 1 ³ (voltages U ¹ ₁ , U ² ₁ , U ³ ₁ in Fig. 4) contain signals 17 from a fixed object, signals 18 from a moving object, noise signal-like emissions 19. The signal from the moving object in the matrix 1 ^{1 is} suppressed by noise. Thanks to lines 4 ¹ , 4 ^{2, the} signals from the same object received in different input matrices arrive at block 5 at the same time. From signals 17, 18 and noise emission 19 in blocks 12 ¹ , 12 ² , 12 ³ , normalized pulses 21, 22, 23 of standard duration and amplitude are formed. In place 20, where the signal suppressed by noise is located, a pulse is not formed. The normalized pulses are fed to the input of the logic unit 13, which implements the logical function "2 of 3" (at least two pulses are required for operation). Pulses 21, 22, for which the condition is satisfied, pass to the output of block 5.

The registration of a moving image by matrices 2 ¹ , 2 ² , 2 ³ , the delay of signals in blocks 6 ¹ , 6 ² , as well as their processing in block 7, is carried out in a similar way. The pulses 21, 22 from block 7 and the pulses 21, 22 delayed by T _cm from line 8 arrive at block 9 simultaneously. The delayed pulses are inverted (pulses 25, 26). The locations of the pulses 21, 25 from the stationary object coincide, these pulses are mutually destroyed and do not pass to the output of the device. The pulses 22, 26 from the moving object due to its displacement by the amount of δ _cm (δ _cm spatial threshold of separation of the moving object) during the time T _cm moving the image to a distance of l _cm are separated in time and the pulse 22 passes to the output of the device.

Claims (1)

 A PHOTO RECEIVER OF MOVING IMAGES, containing the first input and first output matrix of photosensitive elements, the first and second delay blocks, a clock pulse generator whose outputs are connected to the control inputs of the first input and first output matrix of photosensitive elements, the first and second delay blocks, image speed sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the clock generator, characterized in that, in order to increase the likelihood of the allocation of moving objects, n additional input and n additional output matrices of photosensitive elements, while the additionally input and output matrices are sequentially located along the image, the output of the first input matrix is connected to the input signal processing unit, and the output of the first output matrix is connected to the output signal processing unit, n input additional matrices are connected to n inputs of the second delay blocks, n outputs of which are connected to n inputs of the input signal processing block, the output of which is connected to the first the comparison unit goes through the first delay unit, and the outputs of the n output additional matrices of photosensitive elements are connected to n inputs of the second delay units, the outputs of the n second delay units are connected to n inputs of the output signal processing unit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the comparison unit, control inputs n input and n output matrices of photosensitive elements, an input signal processing unit, an output signal processing unit, and a comparison unit are connected to the output of a clock generator.

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