RU2032985C1 - Charger of capacitive electric power storage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pulse equipment. SUBSTANCE: charger of capacitive electric power storage includes source 1 of A.C. three-phase power supply source 1 divided into two sections 5 connected in series, four-arm rectifier bridge 13 and two line chokes 8,14. EFFECT: improved specific energy characteristics of charger due to increase of utilization factor of mentioned power supply source. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a pulse technique and is intended to power various pulsed consumers of electric energy (microwave and laser generators of radar and laser radar, devices for electric spark processing of materials, pulsed lasers, etc.) from a capacitive storage device divided into two equal series-connected ( ЕН) of energy “quickly” charged from a three-phase alternating current source (TIPT) through a four-arm rectifier bridge (VM) and two quasi-resonant linear x inductor (LD) for one period of change of one of the linear voltage of the TIPT with frequency f, provided that the duration of the load power pulse τ _pi << 1 / f.

 The technical result or the purpose of the invention is to improve the specific energy performance of the device by reducing the installed power of a three-phase AC source by increasing the power factor of the mentioned source and its practical power utilization.

 The drawing shows a circuit diagram of a device for charging a capacitive electric energy storage device.

(1) где С емкость любой из двух секций емкостного накопителя 5;
f частота изменения напряжений трехфазного источника 1 переменного тока;
QQ ≈

(R_ли+R_лд+R_дв)/(R_ЛИ + R_ЛД + R_Дв) добротность устройства при заряде первой 5.1 или второй 5.2 секций емкостного накопителя 5 через первый 8 или второй 14 линейные дроссели;
R_ЛИ внутреннее линейное активное сопротивление трехфазного источника 1 переменного тока;
R_ЛД активное сопротивление первого 8 или второго 14 линейного дросселя;
R_Дв среднее значение сопротивления каждого диодного вентиля выпрямительного моста в проводящем направлении.1. The device for charging a capacitive electric energy storage device contains a three-phase AC source 1 with three linear terminals 2, 3 and 4, formed by the beginnings of its phase windings 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3, divided into two equal, sequentially connected sections 5.1 and 5.2, a capacitive storage 5 energy with two terminals 6 and 7, connected through a controlled closing switch of the ultrasonic testing device with a pulse load, the first 8 and second 14 line chokes, four diode valves 9, 10, 11 and 12, connected according to the four-arm rectifier bridge 13, two inputs the ode of which is connected to the second 3 and third 4 terminals of a three-phase AC source 1, respectively, the first terminal 2 of which is connected to the connection point of sections 5.1 and 5.2 of the capacitive storage 5, the second line choke 14 is connected between the first output 6 of the capacitive storage and the negative output of the rectifier bridge 13 and the first linear inductor 8 between the second terminal 7 of the capacitive storage 5 and the positive output of the rectifier bridge 13, while the inductance L _{2 of the} second linear inductor 14 is equal to the inductance L _{1 of the} first linear choke 8 and is determined by the expression
L ₂ L ₁ LL ₂ = L ₁ = L

(1) where C is the capacity of either of the two sections of the capacitive storage 5;
f the frequency of the voltage changes of the three-phase source 1 AC;
QQ ≈

(R _Li + R _ld + R _dv ) / (R _LI + R _LD + R _Dv ) the quality factor of the device when charging the first 5.1 or second 5.2 sections of capacitive storage 5 through the first 8 or second 14 line chokes;
R _LI internal linear active resistance of a three-phase AC source 1;
R _LD active resistance of the first 8 or second 14 line choke;
R _{Dv is the} average resistance value of each diode valve of the rectifier bridge in the conducting direction.

 2. In the second embodiment of the device according to claim 1, to reduce the total mass of the first 8 and second 14 line chokes, their windings are wound on a common magnetic core, and the beginning of these windings are connected respectively to the positive and negative outputs of the rectifier bridge 13.

 The control transitions of a controlled closing switch, for example, of a thyristor type, are connected through an isolation diode to the secondary winding of a pulse control transformer, the terminals of the primary winding of which are connected to the first 2 and second 3 outputs of a three-phase AC source 1.

To describe the operation of the device, we assume that the phase windings 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 of the three-phase AC source 1 are turned on according to the “triangle” scheme, and the time t (electric angle ωt, where ω = 2 πf the circular frequency of voltage variation TIPT 1) starts from the beginning of the positive half-cycle of the change in the linear voltage U ₂₃ TIPT 1.

 The device operates as follows.

i₁₁dt +

i₁₂dt 2U_мл/[1-1/(4Q²)] + (i₁₁dt + + 1,5U_mл/[1-1/(4Q²)] 3,5U_mл/[1-1/(4Q²)]i₁₂dt
2U_mл/[1 1/(4Q²)] + 1,5U_мл/[1-
1/(4Q²)] 3,5 U_мл/[1 1/(4Q²)] (2) где С емкость секции 5.1 или 5.2; U_мл амплитуда линейных напряжений ТИПТ 1; Q Q

/r /r добротность устройства при заряде секций 5.1 или 5.2 ЕН 5 через ЛД 8 или 14; r≈R_ЛИ + R_ЛД + R_Дв активное сопротивление системы при этом; остальные обозначения такие же как и в выражении (1).In the positive half-cycle of the change in the linear voltage U _{23 of the} three-phase source (when the output potential 2 is higher than the output potential 3) and with a shift of 60 electrical (el) degrees with a negative half-cycle of the change in the linear voltage U ₄₂ TIPT 1 (when the potential of output 2 is higher than the output potential 4) when expression (1) is fulfilled, the second (lower in the drawing) section is quasi-resonantly charged in section 5.2 ЕН 5 through the second LD 14 in the following circuits: source 1 terminal 2 section 5.2 ЕН 5 terminal 6 LD 14 valve 11 VM 13 terminal 3 source 1 and source 1 output 2 section 5.2 EN 5 output 6 ЕН 5 ЛД 14 valve 12 VM 13 output 4 source 1 with current i _C5.2 i ₁₁ + i ₁₂ U _ml (sinωt) / (ωL) + U _ml [sin (ωt 240 ^о ) / (ωL) via diode valves 11 and 12 VM 12 to a maximum voltage at 180 ^o component
U _cm5.2 U _cm5.2 =

i ₁₁ dt +

i _{12 ml} dt 2U / [1-1 / (4Q ^2)] + (i ₁₁ dt + + 1,5U _ml / [1-1 / (4Q ^2)] 3,5U _ml / [1-1 / (4Q ² )] i ₁₂ dt
2U _ml / [1 1 / (4Q ² )] + 1.5U _ml / [1-
1 / (4Q ² )] 3.5 U _ml / [1 1 / (4Q ² )] (2) where C is the capacity of section 5.1 or 5.2; U _{ml the} amplitude of the linear stresses TIPT 1; QQ

/ r / r the quality factor of the device when charging sections 5.1 or 5.2 EN 5 through LD 8 or 14; r≈R _LI + R _LD + R _{Dv the} active resistance of the system; the remaining notation is the same as in expression (1).

In the positive half-period of the change in the linear voltage TIPT 1 (when the output potential 3 is higher than the output potential 4, the total charge current is EN 5 through two series inductors 8 and 14 connected in series: source 1 terminal 3 valve 9 VM 13 LD 8 terminal 7 section 5.1 EN 5 section 5.2 ЕН 5 terminal 6 ЛД 14 valve 12 ВМ 13 terminal 4 source 1 will not leak, since diode valves 9 and 12 will be closed by high reverse voltage U _cm5.2 3.5 U _{ml of} section 5.2 ЕН 5, which is approximately 3.5 times the linear voltage U ₃₄ applied to this section with an amplitude of U _ml .

i_odt +

C₁₀dt 2U_mл/[1-1/(4Q²)] + i₉dt + + 1,5U_mл/[1-1/(4Q²)] 3,5U_mл/[1-1/(4Q²)] U_cm5,2 i₁₀dt 2U_mл/[1 1/(4Q²)] + 1,5U_mл/[1
-1/(4Q²)] 3,5 U_mл/[1 1/(4Q²)] U_cm5.2, и весь емкостной накопитель 5 зарядится при ωt 360 эл. градусов до максимального напряжения
U_зm U_cm5.1 + U_cm5.2 7U_mл/[1 1/(4Q²)]
(3)
В начале следующего накопительного полупериода изменения линейного напряжения U₂₃ ТИПТ 1 импульсный трансформатор управления открывает управляемый замыкающий коммутатор и происходит разряд емкостного накопителя 5 на импульсную нагрузку за время τ_ли много меньше длительности периода Т 1/f изменения линейного напряжения трехфазного источника 1 (τ_ли<< 1/f).In the negative half-cycle of the change in the linear voltage U ₂₃ TIPT 1 and with a shift of 60 electrical degrees with a positive half-cycle of the change in the linear voltage U _{42 of the} three-phase source 1, the first (upper according to the drawing) section 5.1 EN 5 is quasi-resonantly charged through the first linear inductor 8 in the following circuits: source 1 output 3 valve 9 VM 13 LD 8 output 7-section 5.1 ЕН 5 output 2 source 1 and source 1 output 4 valve 10 ВМ 13 ЛД 8 output 7 section 5.1 ЕН 5 output 2 source 1 current i _c5.1 i ₉ + i _{10 ml} U (sin ωt) / (ωL) + U _ml [sin (ωt 240 ^o)] / (ωL) through the diode 9 and the valves 14, 13 to the maximum VM of stress at ωt 360 e. degrees of component
U _cm5.1 U _cm5.1 =

i _o dt +

C _{10 ml} dt 2U / [1-1 / (4Q ^2)] + i ₉ dt + + 1,5U _ml / [1-1 / (4Q ^2)] 3,5U _ml / [1-1 / (4Q ² )] U _cm5,2 i dt 2U _{10 ml} / [1 1 / (4Q ^2)] + 1,5U _ml / [1
-1 / (4Q ² )] 3,5 U _ml / [1 1 / (4Q ² )] U _cm5.2 , and the entire capacitive storage 5 is charged at ωt 360 el. degrees to maximum voltage
_{Zm cm5.1} U U U + _cm5.2 7U _ml / [1 January / (4Q ^2)]
(3)
At the beginning of the next incremental half-cycle changes of the line voltage U ₂₃ TTIP 1 pulse control transformer opens controllable closing switch, and the discharge occurs capacitive storage 5 on the impulse load during the time τ _whether much smaller than the period duration T 1 / f changes in the line voltage of three-phase source 1 (τ _whether <<1 / f).

Then follows the above-described new charge cycle of EN 5 and its discharge to the pulse load. And so on cyclically with a frequency f of a change in the line voltage U ₂₃ TIPT 1.

The ideal utilization factor of a three-phase AC source 1 in terms of power, which is understood, as a rule, is the ratio of the average power P _cf TIPT 1 to its maximum power P _m when connecting the phase windings 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 according to the "triangle" scheme To _II R _sr / R _m ≈0.818.

 The power factor in the proposed device has a value of χ≈0.915.

≈ 0,98-0,99 ≈
≈0,98 0,99, (4) где τ_L= L/r постоянная времени устройства.The charge efficiency of sections 5.1 or 5.2 of a capacitive storage 5 through a linear reactor 8 or 14 is determined by the following expression that we derived: η _s =

≈ 0.98-0.99 ≈
≈0.98 0.99, (4) where τ _L = L / r is the time constant of the device.

The practical utilization factor of a three-phase AC source 1 in terms of power, which (as is customary) refers to the ratio of the average charging power EN 5 Р _{Зср СU Зm} ² f / 4 to the maximum power Р _m TIPT 1, is determined by the following obvious expression
K _IP = P _ssr / P _m = K _II χη _s ≈
≈0.818˙0.915˙0.985 ≈0.736. (5)
The maximum installed capacity of the heaviest unit of the device (system) of a three-phase AC source 1, for example, a type of a three-phase transformer P _m P _ssr / K _IP 1.36 R _ssr , and its mass m _n m _tr α _tr P _m , where α _tr is the specific the mass of a three-phase transformer is practically independent of its power, the smaller, the greater the practical utilization factor of TIPT 1 in terms of power K _IP . For comparison, the prototype (PR index) has a practical utilization factor of TIPT 1, the phase windings of which are always connected according to the "star" scheme, in terms of power K _IPr K _IPr χ _pr η _s = 0.75˙0.71˙0.985≈ ≈0.523 in 1 , 4 times less than that in the proposed device, and the maximum installed power P TTIP _{mpr ZSR} P / K _IPpr ≈1,91R _ZSR weight and type three-phase power transformer m _Ieper m _trpr α _tr P _mpr 1.4 times greater than the proposed device (system).

Since the mass fraction of a three-phase source 1 of alternating current in the proposed system is ≈0.9 the mass of the device is m _PU (m _and m _tr ≈0.9 m _PU ), and in the prototype 0.93 m _pr (m _trpr m _trpr ≈0, 93 m _pr ) then the mass m _{pu of the} proposed device will be 1.36 times less than the mass of the prototype m _pr , and the specific power of the proposed device W _pm P _ssr / m _pu will be 1.36 times more (better) than in the prototype W _pmpr P _ZSR / m at _straight equal for both the compared systems the average charging power P _ZSR capacitive storage 5.

 Therefore, such a specific energy indicator as specific power in the proposed device (system) improves (increases) 1.36 times compared with the prototype by reducing 1.4 times the maximum installed power of a three-phase AC source 1 due to an increase of 1, 29 times the power factor of the mentioned source and 1.4 times the practical power factor of its use.

Claims (2)

1. DEVICE FOR CHARGING A CAPACITIVE STORAGE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY, containing a three-phase AC source with three linear terminals, divided into two equal series sections, a capacitive energy storage with two terminals, the connection point of the sections of which is connected to the first terminal of a three-phase AC source, the first linear a throttle and four diode valves, characterized in that its first, second, third and fourth diode valves are included in the four-arm rectifier bridge circuit, and the device is additionally equipped with a second linear inductor connected between the negative output of the rectifier bridge and the first output of the capacitive storage, the first linear inductor is connected between the second output of the capacitive storage and the positive output of the rectifier bridge, the first and second inputs of which are connected to the second and third terminals of the three-phase AC source, respectively current, and the inductance L _{2 of the} second linear inductor is equal to the inductance L _{1 of the} first linear inductor and the expression vision

Where
C the capacity of either of the two sections of the capacitive storage;
f frequency of voltage changes of a three-phase AC source;

the quality factor of the device when charging the first or second sections of the capacitive storage through the first or second linear chokes;
R _{l and the} internal linear active resistance of a three-phase AC source;
R _{l d the} active resistance of the first or second linear inductor;
R _{d in the} average resistance value of each diode valve rectifier bridge in the conductive direction.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the windings of the first and second linear chokes are wound on a common core, and the beginning of these windings are connected respectively to the positive and negative outputs of the rectifier bridge.