RU2032106C1 - Internal combustion engine with water supply to working fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: engine is provided with high pressure water pump and high pressure fuel pump mounted inside a common housing. A flash radiator is made up as a sleeve having simplified steel core. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engine building according to the classes of the international classifier of inventions and is used to supply fuel, water and cooling a diesel internal combustion engine with a special working process.

 Known internal combustion engines with a special working process and fuel, water, and cooling systems.

 There is also a special way of operating internal combustion engines and a fuel, water and cooling system for them.

 In known methods and systems for supplying fuel, water and cooling diesel engines, these systems are separated. At the same time, the engine is supplied with fuel and water by independent single-component high pressure pumps with separate drives and double nozzles.

 This design of systems requires the reconstruction of existing engines, complicates the system, makes them labor-intensive in manufacturing, operation, less reliable and durable, more expensive in cost.

 The aim of the invention is the implementation of a special working process of a diesel engine without reconstructing existing engines, simplifying the design, manufacturing, operation, improving reliability, durability, reducing weight, system cost, exhaust toxicity and rigidity, increasing efficiency, engine efficiency, and engine cooling using the heat of a cooling body.

 The stated objective of the invention is achieved in that the system has a two-component pump and nozzles according to the number of cylinders, as well as a water tank-radiator with a simplified construction of the core of steel.

 This design of the system allows, without reconstructing existing diesel engines, using a single pump and nozzles by the number of cylinders, sequential injection of fuel according to the known scheme and water into the working chambers of the cylinders at point Z of the indicator diagram in the expansion cycle of the engine.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 shows a complete schematic diagram of a system; figure 2 is a structural diagram of a two-component high-pressure pump in cross section; figure 3 and 4 is a structural diagram of a two-component high-pressure nozzle in longitudinal and transverse sections.

 The system consists of a modernized water tank-radiator 1, a fuel tank 2, installed by known methods on a machine frame, a two-component high pressure pump 3 driven by a motor shaft of a known design, a fuel priming pump 4 and a hand pump 5, as well as an all-speed speed controller 6 with a control lever and a control rod 7 of known structures fixed to the engine and high pressure pump housings by known methods, a water pump 8, a fan 9 mounted on a single shaft and body the entire engine, as well as those having a drive from the engine shaft using a kinematic transmission 10 of a known design, two-component nozzles 11 by the number of cylinders installed in the sockets on the cylinder head of the engine in a known manner and having connecting channels to the working chambers of the cylinders through sprayers, coarse filters 12 and fine 13 purification of fuel and water of known designs of fuel filters and placed on the frame of the machine and the engine casing 14 by known methods, tap connection and control of water flow 15, a trolley gauge for the level and temperature of water 16, placed on the instrument panel 17 in the driver's cab, as well as the slide gate curtain 18 with a control rod 19 in front of the radiator tank of known designs.

 The water tank-radiator 1 has been upgraded in the direction of increasing its capacity by increasing the size or installing an additional tank that feeds the cooling system during operation. In addition, unlike the known ones, the radiator has a steel core of a simplified design. In the rest, the device of the tank-radiator is similarly known and has a filler neck 20 with a strainer, a lid with a tube and a steam-air valve, a drain valve 21 of known designs. In the upper tank at the level of thermostat 24 there is a sensor 22 for a remote indicator of the water level and temperature 16. The radiator tank is connected to the water pump-pump 8, thermostat 24, as well as the engine cooling jacket by means of nozzles 23.

 To circulate water in a small circle, the water pump and thermostat are connected by a tube 25 according to a known pattern.

 The fuel tank of known design has a filler neck 26 with a strainer and a lid with a steam air valve, a main valve 27 and a drain valve 21, as well as a remote or manual fuel level indicator — a dipstick 28. The tank is connected to the rough filter using low pressure pipelines 29 and 30 fuel cleaning, fuel pump, as well as with a nozzle cap.

 The fuel priming pump is connected to a fine fuel filter and to the discharge channel of the high pressure fuel sections of the high pressure pump head by low pressure pipelines 29 and 31 according to a known pattern. The fuel fine filter is connected to the feed channel of the fuel sections of the high pressure pump. The discharge nozzles of the fuel sections are connected by 59 T nozzles to the corresponding nozzles 79 T nozzles by a pipe 32 of known design.

 The inlet and outlet channels of the water-pumping sections of the high-pressure pump using low pressure pipelines 29 and 31 are connected to the cooling system through a fine filter 13, a coarse water filter 12, a control valve 15 and a fitting 33 on the thermostat pipe 24, as well as a pipe 23 at the inlet into the water pump 8. The 59 V fittings at the outlet of the high pressure water supplying sections are also connected to the corresponding 79 V nozzles of the nozzles by high pressure pipelines 32 known designs of high pressure fuel pipelines Niya.

 Filters have taps 21 for draining sludge, and fine filters still have taps 34 with tubes for discharging air from the system.

 A two-component high-pressure pump differs from the known ones, for example, the UTN-5 pump and others, by the presence of two-component high-pressure pump sections, which are identical in design to the plunger pump sections of these pumps. The rest of the pumps are the same and have interchangeable parts and assemblies.

 The pump consists of a housing 35, on which a speed controller, a fuel priming pump, a breather 36 are located. In the housing, at the angle α of the water injection delay, plunger pump sections 37 of known structures are placed. In the crankcase of the pump in the rolling bearings there is a shaft 38 with cams 39 connected to the speed controller and the motor shaft in a known manner by kinematic gears.

 To control the operating mode of the pump and the engine, the housing has a rail 40 connected to the speed controller in a known manner, and with plungers toothed bars 41 and crowns 42, tightened by screws 43 with washers, with rotary sleeves 44 connected to the plungers by known methods.

 The plungers 37 are placed in the bushings 45 and abut against the adjusting screws 46 with lock nuts 47 installed in the pusher bodies 48, which are located in the holes of the pump housing and are in contact with the cam cam using the rollers 49 with rotation axes 50. From the pivot, the plungers and bushings of the plungers are fixed with pins 54 and screws 55. During operation, the plungers reciprocate under the action of cams during the discharge stroke and springs 51 during the suction stroke. The springs are installed between the stationary washers-plates 52 on the rotary sleeves and the movable washers-plates on the lower parts of the plungers and are in contact with the adjusting screws 46.

 Seat of discharge valves 56 with discharge valves 57 mounted on top of springs 58 are mounted above the plug bushings. Pressure valve seats in the pump housing are fastened and sealed with fittings 59 and washers 60. The pump sections are connected to the pump sections using union nuts and high pressure pipes corresponding fittings 79 T or B nozzles. From spontaneous unscrewing, the fittings are fixed by clamps 61, tightened by screws 62 with washers 63.

 The crankcases of the camshaft and pump sections have an oil drain plug 64 with a sealing washer 65, an oil filler hole with a plug cap, an oil transfer tube 66 fixed to the housing with a screw fitting 67 with washers 68, and covers 69 with gaskets fixed to the pump housing with screws 70 with washers 71. The pump-to-pump is connected to the high pressure pump via flange 72 with the help of studs 73 with nuts and washers.

 The pump is connected to the motor housing using a flange 74 and fasteners.

 The injection working surfaces of the pump sections are sealed due to the high purity of the grinding and grinding process and selective assembly.

 The two-component nozzle is similar in design to the well-known one-component nozzles commercially available for automotive diesel engines.

 It has interchangeable parts, for example, with a nozzle of the D37M engine. The principle of its operation is also acceptable for all other nozzles. The proposed nozzle differs from the serial ones by a corresponding change in the body and spray by introducing bypass valves and additional channels into the design for alternately supplying fuel and water to the spray.

 The nozzle has a housing 75, on which the atomizer body 76 is mounted with the atomizer needle 77, mounted on the housing with a nut 73, fittings 79 for connecting high pressure pipelines from the pump sections of the corresponding component using the union nuts, for example, along arrow B - water and arrow T - fuel.

 Inside the fittings are individual filters 80 with mounting washers-bushings 81 and sealing washers 82.

 A rod 83 is placed inside the nozzle body, transmitting the pressing forces from the spring 84 to the sprayer needle. The spring is housed in a threaded sleeve sleeve 85 connected by a thread to the nozzle body.

 To regulate the injection pressure in the threaded nozzle, there is an adjusting screw 86 in contact with the spring and the lock nut 87. A cap 88 with a seal 89 is installed on the top of the nozzle. The low pressure pipe connected to the cap is connected to the cap using a gasket screw. a fuel tank for draining the leakage part of the components into the tank.

There are channels inside the nozzle and spray housing for passing fuel or water in turn: K _in - for water supply and K _t - for fuel supply. At the same time, the channels are switched using valves 90 located in the corresponding recesses of the indicated channels of the nozzle body and interconnected to flow components by a sector groove L.

 The relative position of the nozzle and spray housing is fixed by two pins 91 according to a known pattern.

 In the sockets in the cylinder head, the nozzle is fastened with nuts 92 or in another known manner. In the socket, the nozzle is sealed with a copper washer-gasket 93.

 The working surfaces of precision nozzle pairs are sealed due to the high purity of the grinding and grinding process and selective assembly.

In the drawing, the arrows show: B is the direction of movement of water, T is the direction of movement of fuel, T, B is the direction of movement of fuel and water alternately or in a mixture. The _z - direction of air discharge from the system, K - direction of rotation of the cam shaft, Q - draining the sludge from the filters, RC - working chamber of the engine cylinder, L - travel direction of thrust control vane damper-curtain radiator, P - is the same, the draft regulator and fuel supply.

 The system operates as follows.

 After filling the tank-radiator 1, its additional tank, engine water jacket with clean water of known qualities, fuel tank 2 with fuel, open the main valve of the fuel tank 27 and, unscrewing the hand pump 5, opening the taps 34 on the fuel fine filter 13, pump the system, release air and fill it with fuel.

 After that, the piston and handwheel of the hand pump are fixed in the closed state by screwing the handwheel onto the pump housing and the engine is started.

In this case, using a mechanical pump pump 4, fuel is supplied through the low pressure pipelines 29 from the fuel tank through a coarse fuel filter 12 to the fine filter 13 and the inlet channel of the head of the fueling sections of the high pressure pump 3, the discharge channel of which is connected to the pump removal of excess fuel from the pump head and maintaining a constant pressure in it with a low pressure fuel line 31. Further, under the action of cams 39 of the cam shaft 38 and springs 51, the plungers 37 are supplied in a predetermined quantity and oryadke portion of fuel in the injector 11 through the discharge valves 57, fittings 59, the high pressure conduits 32 and fittings 79 nozzles T. Further, by acting on the valves 90, opens the fuel channel feeding fuel K _m and K channels locks _the feed water enters the dispenser, raises the needle and, opening the nozzle openings, is injected into the working chambers of the engine cylinders at the end of the compression stroke in the order of the cylinders, defined by the cam shaft.

 After a steady development of the engine by the crane 15 turn on the water supply.

In this case, under the pressure created by the water pump-pump 10, water is supplied to the inlet channel of the head of the water-pumping sections of the high-pressure pump 3 through the nozzle 33, low-pressure pipelines 29, valve 15, rough water filter 12, and fine water filter 13. using a faucet 34, air is exhausted from the water supply system, excess water from the head of the pump sections is returned to the pipe 23 of the water pump through a pipe 31, thereby maintaining a constant pressure in the head of the pump sections. Water in portions with a specified angle of delay α - 30-60 ^{about the} rotation of the crankshaft of the engine from the moment of fuel injection by the pump section is fed into the nozzle 79 In the nozzle. The operation of the pump sections is similar to the operation of the fuel pump sections. Then, portions of water, passing additional filters 80, enter the channels K _in and act on the valves 90 due to the pressure difference above and below the valves and the difference in the corresponding areas. The channels K _in the water supply open, and the channels K _t fuel supply are closed, because in them at this moment the pressure drops due to the plungers of the fuel sections leaving the cycle of fuel intake. And water is injected through the same atomizer 76 into the working chambers of the engine.

 The fuel and water injection pressure is set by adjusting screw 86 to a value of 1.5-2.0 MPa at the nozzle adjustment stand.

 When the nozzles are operated, the valves 90 reciprocate. In this case, fuel and water flow from the cavity of one valve into the cavity of the other along the sector groove L, which ensures the corresponding operation of the valves and the overlapping of the channels.

 The fuel injection angle is controlled by a camshaft drive clutch and adjusting screws 46 of the pushers 48 of the pump sections in a known manner.

 The delay angle of the water injection is obtained automatically by setting the angle α when designing the pump casing and is additionally adjusted by the adjusting screws of the pushers of the water-pumping pump sections.

 The pump and the engine are controlled by a speed controller 6 and a lever with a fuel supply rod 7 having an impact member of a known design in the driver's cab.

 The level and temperature of the water in the system is controlled by a remote indicator 16. The water temperature and the operating mode of the radiator tank are controlled by the position of the slide damper-curtain 18, acting on it by the control body 19 in a known manner.

 Due to the fact that the radiator tank has a reduced surface and heat transfer coefficient, operation in the mode without supplying water to the cylinders is undesirable due to the possibility of engine overheating, especially in the summer.

 Given this, you should monitor the completeness of the water tanks.

 The critical water level in the cooling system is monitored and blocked by the installation level of the water inlet 33 and sensor 22 of the indicator 16 at the level of thermostat 24.

 Pumps are driven from the motor shaft by known methods.

Claims (1)

 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH WATER SUPPLY TO THE WORKING BODY, containing at least one cylinder with a piston placed in it, a cylinder head with a two-component nozzle for supplying fuel and water, a high pressure fuel pump and a radiator for the cooling system, characterized in that it is equipped with a water pump high pressure placed in one housing with a high pressure fuel pump with a delay angle between them in accordance with the duty cycle of the engine, and the two-component nozzle has inverse to valves in the housing and openings in the atomizer housing with the possibility of locking fuel and water channels in turn and connecting them to nozzle openings, and the radiator is made in the form of a tank with a simplified steel core.

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