RU2030985C1 - Method of breaking ferroconcrete building structure and apparatus for performing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing technique. SUBSTANCE: method of breaking a ferroconcrete building structure comprises steps of applying a load with simultaneous cooling of the zone, being broken, over the same time period due to feeding a cooling medium. An apparatus for performing the method has a guiding sleeve, arranged on an end portion of a body in its tip, and a stepped striker, arranged in the guiding sleeve and forming together with the tip of the body a chamber, designed for filling by the cooling fluid. The apparatus also has a union for feeding the cooling fluid, secured to the tip of the body and joined with the above mentioned chamber. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mechanical destruction of heterogeneous materials, in particular to devices and methods of destruction, breaking of reinforced concrete building structures during dismantling of rubble of collapsed buildings and structures during rescue and other urgent operations.

 Closest to the invention and selected as a prototype is a mechanical method of crushing (destruction) of concrete (reinforced concrete), based on the use of compressed air energy and implemented by a device (concrete breaker [1], consisting of a handle, a barrel with an air supply mechanism, a hammer, a striker, the tip of the barrel, the working tip and the return mechanism.

 Closest to the invention in terms of the device is a device for the destruction of a reinforced concrete building structure, comprising a barrel, a tip fixed to its end, a drummer located in the barrel and a working tip located in the barrel tip [2]. The performance of this device is not great.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of works on the destruction of reinforced concrete building structures by reducing the strength characteristics of the structure being destroyed.

This is achieved in that in the process of impact fracture breakers reinforced concrete structures, consisting in the application of destructive force (shock) from the high frequency produced by cooling rupturable constructions cyclic feed cooling body (temperature below ^-70 ° C) in the place of destruction. Moreover, the frequency of supply of the cooling body to the destructible surface corresponds to the cyclic work (movement) of the working tip of the concrete breaker.

 In addition, the goal is achieved by the fact that a hole is made in the upper part of the tip of the concrete breaker barrel, into which a fitting for supplying the cooling body is installed, and a central or several axial channels are made in the working tip through which the cooling body is supplied to the place of application of the shock load.

 Consider the physical processes occurring in a reinforced concrete structure during cyclic exposure to a cooler and shock.

 Firstly, due to a significant difference (about 50 times) in the thermal conductivity of concrete (0.00278 cal / cm.s. deg.) And reinforcing steel (0.133 cal / cm.s. grad.), Temperature deformations of various sizes occur in them accompanied by peeling of the structure, the appearance of cracks in the concrete layer adjacent to the reinforcement (especially “wet”) or by the creation of internal stress in the reinforcement-concrete pair. Violation of the solidity of the building structure or its stress state as a whole leads to a decrease in the strength characteristics of reinforced concrete in the cooling place.

Secondly, at deep cooling (-70 ^C and lower) decreases the value of the yield strength of the reinforcement steel, increases its fragility (the phenomenon hladolomkosti), which also leads to a decrease in strength characteristics of reinforced concrete building structures, especially when exposed to shock loads.

 Thirdly, the heterogeneity of the internal structure of concrete, consisting of cement paste, grains of sand and gravel, microcavities filled with air, water vapor and free water when exposed to shock loads leads to an increase in microcavities, cracking and delamination of the cooled layer. It also reduces the strength of the destructible structure.

 In addition, the cyclical effects of shock and heat during impact exacerbates the destructive effect on the surface layer of destructible structures.

 Thus, all the phenomena that occur during the cyclic effect of a cooling body on a reinforced concrete building structure at the place of destruction leads to a decrease in its strength characteristics, this reduces the complexity of the work spent directly on the destruction (crushing) of structures, especially when exposed to shock loads.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device, a General view in section; figure 2 - 5 - working tip, options.

 The device consists of a handle 1, a barrel with an air supply mechanism 2, a hammer 3, a striker 4, a guide axle 5, a barrel tip 6, a working tip 7. A nozzle 8 for supplying a cooling body is installed in the barrel tip, a central or several axial holes are made in the working tip channels 9. The surface of the striker, the guide letter, the tip of the barrel and the working tip form a closed volume 10.

 In order to reduce the effect of low temperatures on the working tip in the axial channel 9 can be installed insulating material 11.

 The device operates as follows.

 In the process of working, the cooling body supplied under pressure through the nozzle 8 fills the closed volume 10. By the time the striker hits the striker, and the striker - on the working tip, the striker and the working tip are moved to various sizes. The working tip "moves away" from the striker and the cooling body from the closed volume 10 along the axial channel 9 is supplied to the destructible surface 12. The cycle of supply of the cooling body is repeated with the frequency of impacts.

 The proposed method and device can be used when making horizontal passages and vertical wells to extract reinforced concrete structures, when dismantling blockages, as well as when conducting a number of other works on the destruction of reinforced concrete structures.

Claims (5)

 METHOD FOR DESTRUCTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING DESIGN AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION.  1. A method of destroying a reinforced concrete building structure, which consists in applying a cyclic shock load to its surface, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity, when a load is applied, the destructible zone is cooled at the same time due to the supply of a cooling medium with the same period.  2. A device for destroying a reinforced concrete building structure, comprising a barrel, a tip fixed to its end, a drummer located in the barrel and a working tip located in the barrel tip with an axial channel for supplying a cooling medium, characterized in that the device is provided with a barrel located at the end of the barrel guide axle box and a step striker installed in it, forming together with the barrel tip a chamber designed to be filled with a cooling medium, and a nozzle for supplying cooling fluidized bed, attached to the tip of the barrel and communicating with this chamber.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that additional channels are made in the working tip, the axes of which are parallel to its axis.  4. The device according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that a heat-insulating coating is applied to the inner surface of each channel.

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