RU2029477C1 - Feed additive production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; feed production. SUBSTANCE: method involves preliminary treatment of silt by stirring and air-drying in a pile until the content of moisture is 63-65%. The active removal of moisture is carried out concurrently with exposure to a flow of air in a depressurized Lapse boiler by the method of fountain drying. Air heated to 50-70 C is forced to the bottom part of the boiler inner space at a pressure of 1.0-2.5 atm. The process outcome is feed additive powder with the content of moisture up to 12%. EFFECT: higher feed additive quality; shorter process; higher process efficiency.

Description

 The invention relates to the field of feed production and can be used in the preparation of a feed additive, mainly from lake silt (sapropel), for use in animal husbandry.

A known method of preparing a feed additive based on pre-treatment of sludge by densification by flotation, coagulation and dehydration, followed by thermal drying of the dehydrated sludge at a temperature of 100-160 ^about [1].

 The implementation of this method requires the use of a flocculant, which leads to a loss of feed value. A long stage of preliminary preparation of the sediment leads to the decomposition of bacterial cells under anaerobic conditions. At the same time, sludge loses its feed quality after a short time (about 2 hours) with the release of toxic metabolic products. The high drying temperature leads to the burnout of nutrients from the feed additive. The method is inefficient and energy intensive.

 Of the known methods, the closest to the proposed one is a method of preparing a feed additive, including pre-treatment of sludge, active selection of moisture from the sludge and exposure to it by air flow, ensuring a predetermined residual moisture content of the feed additive [2]. According to this method, pre-treatment is carried out by compaction of sludge in the sludge compactor to a moisture content of 96.5-97.5%. Active moisture removal is carried out in a granulator dryer with a suspended layer, while granulation is simultaneously carried out. Exposure to the feed additive in the form of granules is carried out by exposure to air flow. The method provides a residual moisture content of feed additives up to 15%.

 By this method, the probability of decomposition of the protein-vitamin complex is reduced. However, the process of preparing the feed additive is significant, the productivity is not more than a few kilograms of feed additive per hour. The method when implementing requires significant energy consumption, does not allow to obtain a residual moisture content of less than 15%, which, in particular, forces to give the feed additive a granular appearance to prevent sticking during storage. In addition, the granular form of the additive requires in the manufacture of a number of feeds an additional operation of grinding granules into powder. The duration of the whole process of preparing the feed additive also leads to a deterioration in its consumer properties.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to create a highly effective method for producing a feed additive, devoid of the disadvantages inherent in the prototype. The technical result that the implementation of the invention provides is to improve the consumer properties of the prepared feed additive, to reduce the time of its preparation, to increase the productivity of the method and to reduce the energy consumption during its implementation.

This is achieved by the fact that according to the method of preparation of the feed additive, including pre-treatment of sludge, the active selection of moisture from the sludge and exposure to it by air flow, ensuring a predetermined residual moisture content of the feed additive, the pre-treatment of sludge is carried out by drying in air piles with tedding up to humidity 63 -65%, and the active selection of moisture is carried out simultaneously with exposure to air flow by gushing drying in a depressurized Laps boiler, in the lower part of the internal volume of which is supplied under pressure HAND 1-2.5 atm heated to a temperature of 50-70 ^{° C} air.

 Signs that distinguish the proposed method from the prototype include the selection of the technological mode of pre-treatment and active selection of moisture, the introduction of gushing drying. The above technical result achieved is provided by the totality of the essential features.

 The most effective for use in animal husbandry is silt of lake origin (sapropel). Sapropel is a complex organo-mineral complex, the main components of which are presented in the form of compounds of calcium, silicon, zinc, iron, trace elements, amino acids and other biologically active substances. In its natural state, sapropel is a gelatinous or pasty mass with a water content of 70-75%. When added to food, sapropel positively affects the body of animals and birds by filling the deficit in biologically active nutrients, improving metabolic processes, and normalizing the microflora of the digestive tract. Consumer qualities of sapropel are determined by the preservation of useful substances in it, which can be largely achieved by minimizing the processing time and low temperatures when receiving a feed additive. At the same time, its use as a feed additive in the diet of animals and poultry necessitates its minimum moisture content. This is also necessary to ensure long-term storage of dry bulk sapropel without losing its beneficial properties.

 To preserve the consumer properties of the feed additive during its preparation, it is necessary that the technological effects on the sludge last for the shortest possible time, and the exposure temperature does not exceed the value at which the burning out or decomposition of biologically active substances begins. In addition, a decrease in the time of the technological cycle is directly related to an increase in productivity and a decrease in energy consumption.

Pre-treatment of sludge by drying in natural conditions with tedding to a moisture content of 63-65% allows you to use the natural process of moisture extraction in the air of freshly extracted sludge. At the same time, tedding of sludge provides uniformity in moisture in the pile and accelerates the process. Since, as experimentally discovered, humidity of less than 63% is not achieved under such conditions, then upon reaching this humidity value (taking into account the technological allowance of 2%), sludge can be removed from the pile. Active sludge removal takes place in a pressurized Laps boiler, which is a tank with a jacket inside which hot steam is supplied. Hollow blades rotating on a hollow shaft are placed in the tank, inside which hot steam is also supplied. When heated air is introduced into the internal volume of the pressurized Laps boiler, the mass of sludge contained in it and mixed sludge begins to gush. Thus for enough to effectively dry the sludge temperature was maintained between 50-70 ° ^C. Temperatures below 50 ^{° C} does not ensure drying to a moisture content below 15%, at a temperature above 70 ^{° C} already start to decompose certain biologically active substances. A pressure of 1 atm is sufficient to create a gushing effect. An increase in pressure shortens the drying time, but an increase in air pressure above 2.5 atm no longer reduces the residual moisture content (below 12%). This process of active selection of moisture provides due to the uniform thermal effect on the entire volume of the sludge being processed, a rapid, within 1-1.5 hours, achievement of humidity of 12%. The feed additive is obtained in the form of particles of 0.3-0.5 mm. This eliminates, in particular, the possibility of adhesion of the feed additive during storage and transportation.

PRI me R implementation. The mined sapropel had a moisture content of 85%. After dry drying with tedding, the humidity was 63%. Sapropel was loaded inside a typical Laps boiler, used, for example, for the preparation of meat and bone meal from animal corpses. Laps boiler is made in the form of a tank with a jacket, inside of which hollow blades rotating on a hollow shaft are placed. For the process of active moisture extraction from sapropel, a pressurized Laps boiler was used, equipped with a valve to communicate the internal volume of the boiler with the atmosphere. Inside the jacket of the shaft and blades fed steam heated to a temperature of ^about 105-110 C. In the lower part of the boiler interior volume through Lapsa staffing drainer fed under a pressure of 2 atm heated to a temperature of 60 ^{° C} air. Thus on the inner walls of the boiler established temperature about 65 ^C. After 1.5 hours at 10 kW of consumed energy feed supplement in an amount of 2.5 tons was prepared and had the form of free-flowing powder of particles of about 0.4 mm with a residual moisture content of 12% . The analysis found that the content of vitamin B ₁₂ in the feed supplement was 35 μg / kg, protein 3.5%, fiber 3.3%, total nitrogen 1.5%, organic matter 60%.

 The invention provides improved consumer properties of the prepared feed additive, an increase in the productivity of the method by a factor of 2, a decrease in energy consumption of 7-8 times, and a reduction of the process of preparing the feed additive by more than an order of magnitude. The use of the obtained feed additive method by adding 5% to the feed increases the biological efficiency of the feed by 18-25%.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR PREPARING FODDER ADDITIVE, including pre-treatment of sludge, active selection of moisture from the sludge and exposure to it by air flow, characterized in that the pre-treatment of sludge is carried out by drying in piles in air with tedding to a moisture content of 63 - 65%, and the active selection of moisture is carried out simultaneously with exposure to air flow at a pressure of 1 - 2.5 at at a temperature of 50 - 70 ^o C.