RU2018795C1 - Digital integral thermometer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: meteorological information acquisition systems. SUBSTANCE: thermometer has a temperature sensor, amplifier-shaper of logic binary unities, Grey code-to-binary code converter, binary adder, two storage devices, timer, binary-to-binary-decimal code converter, indicator. A temperature sensor sensitive element is made in the form of three bimetallic spirals mounted in parallel planes. The inner ends of spirals are rigidly coupled with a stationary axle within which a movable axle with a disk with a circular code scale secured to it are disposed. The outer ends of spirals are rigidly coupled with the ends of identical auxiliary axles the other ends of which are fixed to the movable axle at an angle of 90 degrees. Furthermore, there are code-reading elements over the code scale. EFFECT: enhanced accuracy. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to environmental thermometry and can be used as part of digital systems for collecting meteorological information or process control systems, the nature of the course of which depends on air temperature.

 A known device for measuring temperature, containing a bimetallic spiral, the inner end mounted on an axis, using stretch marks mounted in a clip. A disk with a code scale is also fixed on the axis, above which contactless sensors are placed, the output signals of which form a parallel code containing temperature information entered into the computer [1].

 For visual reference temperature in the device has a scale.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is a digital integral thermometer containing a temperature sensor in series with a thermosensitive element in the form of three bimetallic spirals coaxially mounted in parallel planes, the inner ends of which are rigidly fixed on a fixed axis, inside which there is a movable axis with a fixed on it is a disk with a circular code scale, above which there are elements for reading the code, and the outer end of each bimet the helical spiral is rigidly connected to one of the ends of the additional axis, the multichannel amplifier-driver of logical binary units and the Gray code converter are a binary code, the bit outputs of which are connected to the first bit inputs of the binary adder connected by its bit outputs and the bit input of the first storage device, and the second bit inputs - to the bit outputs of the second storage device, the bit inputs of which are connected to the bit outputs of the first storage device , Which yields significant bits to (a + 1) -th inclusive, discharge a = log ₂ M, where M - the number of temperature readings at night are connected to the inputs of the binary code converter in the binary coded decimal, with their outputs connected to the inputs of the indicator, and a timer, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs "Recording permission" of the storage devices connected by their resetting inputs to the resetting input of the digital integral thermometer [2].

 In the known device, the force from the bimetallic spirals of Archimedes is transmitted to the disk with a circular code scale using additional axes, the first ends of which are pivotally mounted on the disk with a circular code scale, and the outer ends of the bimetallic spirals are attached to the second ends of the axes. Increasing or decreasing the length of the bimetallic spirals to turn the code scale in one direction or another, thereby information on the measured temperature will be present at the discharge outputs of the temperature sensor.

 The hinged mounting of additional axes on a disk with a circular code scale places high demands on both the flexural strength of the code disk itself and the flexural strength of these axes. The quality of the hinged attachment of the axes to the code disc must also be high, otherwise there will be a backlash of the indicated axes, which will lead to a decrease in measurement accuracy.

 The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of temperature measurement.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the known device additional axes made identical, their second ends are rigidly fixed to the movable axis at an angle of 90 ^about it, and the projection of the attachment points of these ends on the disk with a circular code scale are located on the same circle, at the same distance from each other from friend.

 On fi g.1 presents a block diagram of a digital integrated thermometer; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of a temperature sensor; figure 3-5 - sections aa, bb, bb, indicated in figure 2.

The digital integral thermometer contains a temperature sensor 1 (Fig. 1), each bit output of which is connected to its amplifier-former 2 logical binary units, the outputs of which are connected to the transmitter 3 Gray code - binary code. The bit outputs of the converter 3 Gray code - the binary code is connected to the first bit inputs of the binary adder 4. The bit outputs of the binary adder 4 are connected to the bit inputs of the first storage device 5. The bit outputs of the first memory device 5 are connected to the bit inputs of the second memory device 6. Bit outputs of the second memory 6 are connected to the second bit inputs of the binary adder 4. The first output of the timer 7 is connected to the input "Recording permission" of the first memory devices 5. The second output of timer 7 is connected to the “Recording permission” input of the second storage device 6. The resetting inputs of the first storage device 5 and the second storage device 6 are connected to the resetting input 10 of the digital integral thermometer. In addition, the high-order bit outputs up to the (a + 1) th inclusive of the first storage device 5 are connected to the inputs of the binary to decimal converter 8. Moreover, the value of a is an integer and is defined as
a = log ₂ M. where M is the number of temperature readings per day, is also an integer, is selected as a multiple of "2".

 The outputs of the Converter 8 binary to binary are connected to the inputs of block 9 of the display.

The temperature sensor 1 is made in the form of three identical bimetallic spirals 11 of Archimedes (Fig. 2), located one above the other horizontally in parallel planes with gaps between them in height. The inner ends of the spirals 11 are rigidly connected to the hollow stationary vertical axis 12, composed of two parts: the upper and lower, while these ends are evenly spaced around the circumference of the axis 12, that is, spaced apart in space at an angle of 120 ^about . Inside the fixed axis 12, the movable axis 13, mounted on the cores, is located. On the movable axis 13, which has freedom of rotation in the horizontal plane, a disk 14 with a circular code scale is fixed and rigidly connected to it. To the movable axis 13 at an angle ⁹⁰ rigidly attached three identical additional shaft 15, to the outer ends of which are attached the outer ends of bimetallic elements 11. The coils 16 are arranged above the code reading dial code tracks. The outputs of the code reading elements 16 are connected to the inputs of the respective amplifiers-shapers 2, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the converter 3 Gray code - binary code. The bit outputs of the converter 3 are connected to the first bit inputs of the binary adder 4. All structural elements of the temperature sensor 1 are placed in the housing 17.

 The proposed digital integral thermometer works as follows.

 Information signals from the temperature sensor 1 are fed to the inputs of the respective amplifiers-shapers of 2 logical binary units, the outputs of which are formed of signals from standard logical binary units and zeros, which form a code combination of the currently measured temperature. To reduce the error when reading the temperature code in the sensor 1, the Gray code is used. At the bit outputs of the converter 3, after converting the Gray code to a conventional binary code, a digital signal is generated in a binary code. The code combination of binary ones and zeros formed in this way is fed to the first bit inputs of the binary adder 4, to the second bit inputs of which information (code combination) characterizes the result of the previous summation, which is stored in the second memory (memory) 6. At the binary binary outputs adder 4 generates an output signal equal to the sum of two digital signals: one from the bit outputs of the converter 3 Gray code - binary code and the second from the bit outputs of the second memory 6. O the written total digital signal (code combination) is received from the bit outputs of the binary adder 4 to the bit inputs of the first memory 5. After the receipt of the enable signal, which is generated by the timer 7 to the input "Recording permission" of the first memory 5 from the first output of the timer 7, the code combination is recorded the total digital signal in the first memory 5. After that, the code combination of the total digital signal will be present at the bit outputs of the first memory 5, which are connected to the corresponding bit inputs of the second Memory 6. The code combination of the total digital signal will be present on the bit inputs of the second memory 6. At this time, the code combination of the total digital signal of the previous summation will still be on the bit outputs of the memory 6, and the code combination of the total digital signal will be on its bit inputs, obtained during the current summation during the current temperature measurement. After the receipt of the enable signal from the second output of the timer 7 to the input "Recording permission" of the second memory 6, the code combination of the total digital signal of the current measurement in this memory is recorded. After recording, the specified code combination of the total digital signal of the current temperature measurement is present on the bit outputs of the memory 6. Since the bit outputs of this memory are connected to the second bit inputs of the binary adder 4, the code combination of the total digital signal of the current temperature measurement will be present on the specified inputs of the binary adder 4 . The high-order bit outputs up to (a + 1) th inclusive of the first memory 5 are connected to the bit inputs of the binary-to-decimal converter 8 of the binary code, row outputs of which are summarized in the display unit 9, in which there is a display of measurement results. The measurement results are reset by applying a zeroing signal to the digital input 10 of the digital integral thermometer. With the zeroing input 10 is connected to the zeroing inputs of the memory 5 and 6.

 Above, the full cycle of the digital integrated thermometer was considered in one temperature measurement and the accumulation of the sum of the temperature measurement results. Subsequently, the entire measurement process is repeated again. After the end of this measurement cycle, the first bit inputs of the binary adder 4 from the temperature sensor 1 after the amplifiers-shapers 2 logical binary units and the converter 3 are Gray code - the binary code receives a new code combination of digital signals corresponding to the new value of the measured temperature. At the second inputs of the binary adder 4 there is a code combination of the total digital signal of the current temperature measurement. At the binary outputs of the binary adder 4 will be the sum of the new code combination and code combination of the total digital signal of the current temperature measurement. This new amount is present on the discharge inputs of memory 5.

, означающее десятичное число "53", которое сначала будет записано в первое ЗУ 5, а затем во второе ЗУ 6. В течение суток операция суммирования буде осуществлена М = 2^а раз, где а - целое число. Пусть 2^а= 16, то есть суммирование температур осуществляется через 1,5 ч. Для получения среднесуточной температуры достаточно число, составляющее из суммы 2^а членов, разделить на 2^а, то есть среднесуточная температура
T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{o}}{\text{с}}$ _р=

t_i
Для усреднения двоичного числа после 2^а сложений достаточно поставить запятую в делимом, отсчитав а разрядов слева, В цифровом интегральном термометре это усреднение достигается тем, что информация снимается с разрядных выходов старших разрядов по (а+1)-й включительно первого ЗУ 5. На разрядных выходах старших разрядов до (а+1)-го включительно первого ЗУ 5 всегда будет находиться кодовая комбинация, характеризующая измеряемую величину - интегральную температуру.Before starting work, after supplying voltage to the digital integrated thermometer, the binary number corresponding to the measured temperature at a given time will be received from the outputs of the temperature sensor 1 to the first bit inputs of the binary adder 4. Let this number be 011 001 (25 ^° C). Since the second bit inputs of the binary adder 4 at the same time from the bit outputs of the second memory 6 receive a number equal to 0 000 000 000 000 000, the output of the binary adder will have the number 0 000 000 000 011 001. Timer 7 periodically M = 2 ^and once a day it sends an enable signal first to the "Recording permission" input of the first memory 5, and then to the "Recording permission" input of the second memory 6. Therefore, the number:
0 000 000 000 011 001 will be first written to the first memory 5. and then rewritten to the second memory 6. After a lapse of time equal to the pulse repetition period by timer 7, a new temperature value 011 100 (28 ^о С) will be established at the output of the temperature sensor 1 , then the output of the binary adder 4 will be a number

Meaning decimal number "53", which will first be written into the first memory 5 and then into the second memory 6. During the day summation operation performed bude M = 2 ^{and the} time where a - integer. Let 2 ^a = 16, that is, the summation of the temperatures is carried out after 1.5 hours. To obtain the average daily temperature, it is enough to divide the number from the sum of 2 ^a members into 2 ^a , i.e. the average daily temperature
T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{o}}{\text{with}}$ _p =

t _i
To average the binary number after 2 ^a additions, it is enough to put a comma in the dividend by counting a of the digits on the left. In a digital integral thermometer, this averaging is achieved by the fact that information is removed from the bit outputs of the higher digits by the (a + 1) th inclusive of the first memory 5. On the high-order bit outputs up to the (a + 1) th inclusive of the first memory 5 will always contain a code combination characterizing the measured value - the integral temperature.

 Three bimetallic spirals 11 of the temperature sensor under the influence of temperature change their geometric dimensions (lengthen with increasing temperature and shorten with decreasing temperature). Changing the length of the bimetallic spirals 11 causes the external ends of the additional axes 15 to move in space around the movable axis 13, which rotates the movable axis 13 and, therefore, the disk 14. Discrete signals of binary units and zeros are generated in the code reading elements 16.

 The use in the sensor 1 of the temperature of this digital integral thermometer as a force-transmitting element of the rods 15 can reduce the requirements for bending strength of the disk with a circular code scale and, therefore, reduce the resistance moment of the measuring mechanism; eliminate the backlash of additional axes having a swivel connection with a disk with a circular code scale and used in the device taken as a prototype, as transmitting elements. All this leads to a decrease in instrumental errors in temperature measurement by the claimed digital integral thermometer and, consequently, to an increase in the accuracy of temperature measurement.

Claims (1)

A DIGITAL INTEGRAL THERMOMETER containing a temperature sensor in series with a thermosensitive element in the form of three bimetallic spirals coaxially mounted in parallel planes, the inner ends of which are rigidly fixed to a fixed axis, inside which there is a movable axis with a disk with a circular code scale mounted on it, above which are mounted code reading elements, and the outer end of each bimetallic spiral is rigidly connected to one of the ends of the additional axis, multi-channel litel-shaper of logical binary units and a Gray code converter is a binary code whose bit outputs are connected to the first bit inputs of a binary adder connected by its bit outputs to the bit inputs of the first storage device, and the second bit inputs to the bit outputs of the second memory device, bit inputs which are connected to the discharge outputs of the first storage device, the outputs of the highest digits of which up to the (a + 1) th inclusive, with the discharge a = log ₂ M, where M is the number of temperature counts per day, connected to the inputs of the binary-to-decimal converter, connected by its outputs to the indicator inputs, and a timer, the outputs of which are connected to the “Write permission” inputs of the storage devices connected by their resetting inputs to the resetting input of the digital integral thermometer, which differs the fact that, in order to increase the measurement accuracy, additional axes made identical, with their second ends are rigidly fixed to the movable axis, at an angle of 90 ^o to it, and the projection t the points of attachment of these ends to the disk with a circular code scale are located on one circle, at the same distance from one another.

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