RU2016138301A - METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE NATURAL GAS LIQUIDATION PROCESS - Google Patents

METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE NATURAL GAS LIQUIDATION PROCESS Download PDF

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RU2016138301A
RU2016138301A RU2016138301A RU2016138301A RU2016138301A RU 2016138301 A RU2016138301 A RU 2016138301A RU 2016138301 A RU2016138301 A RU 2016138301A RU 2016138301 A RU2016138301 A RU 2016138301A RU 2016138301 A RU2016138301 A RU 2016138301A
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stage
stream
refrigerant
heat exchanger
temperature
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RU2016138301A
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RU2669072C2 (en
RU2016138301A3 (en
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Николя ШАМБОН
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Л'Эр Ликид, Сосьете Аноним Пур Л'Этюд Э Л'Эксплуатасьон Де Проседе Жорж Клод
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/902—Details about the refrigeration cycle used, e.g. composition of refrigerant, arrangement of compressors or cascade, make up sources, use of reflux exchangers etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (19)

1. Способ сжижения потока углеводородов, таких как природный газ, поступающего как сырьевой поток (1), который включает, по меньшей мере, следующие стадии:1. A method of liquefying a stream of hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, coming in as a feed stream (1), which comprises at least the following steps: Стадия а: пропускание исходного газа (1) через теплообменник (2) противотоком к потоку охлаждающей смеси с тем, чтобы получить, по меньшей мере частично, сжиженный поток углеводородов с температурой менее -140°С;Stage a: passing the source gas (1) through the heat exchanger (2) countercurrent to the flow of the cooling mixture in order to obtain, at least partially, a liquefied stream of hydrocarbons with a temperature of less than -140 ° C; Стадия b: отведение потока (35) охлаждающей смеси из теплообменника (2) через выходное отверстие (33) в том месте, где температура теплообменника является наибольшей;Stage b: diverting the flow of the cooling mixture (35) from the heat exchanger (2) through the outlet (33) at the point where the temperature of the heat exchanger is the highest; Стадия с: подача охлаждающей смеси (35), полученной на стадии b, в фазоразделитель (40) с целью получения газообразного потока (41) хладагента и первого жидкого потока (25) хладагента;Stage c: feeding the cooling mixture (35) obtained in stage b, in the phase separator (40) in order to obtain a gaseous stream of refrigerant (41) and the first liquid refrigerant stream (25); Стадия d: пропускание первого жидкого потока (25) хладагента, полученного на стадии с, через теплообменник (2) от первого входного отверстия (26) до «промежуточного» выходного отверстия (28), за которым полученный таким образом поток хладагента дросселируют, при этом, температура Т1 в указанном выходном отверстии (28) такова, что в результате указанного дросселирования газообразная фракция составляет менее 20%, предпочтительно, менее 10%;Stage d: passing the first liquid stream (25) of the refrigerant obtained in stage c through the heat exchanger (2) from the first inlet (26) to the “intermediate” outlet (28), after which the thus obtained refrigerant stream is throttled, while the temperature T1 in said outlet (28) is such that, as a result of said throttling, the gaseous fraction is less than 20%, preferably less than 10%; Стадия е, параллельная стадии d: сжатие газообразного потока (41) хладагента, полученного на стадии с, и охлаждение перед подачей полученного таким образом потока (42) хладагента в фазоразделитель (43) с целью разделения на газообразный поток (8) хладагента и второй жидкий поток (16) хладагента;Stage e, parallel to stage d: compressing the gaseous stream (41) of refrigerant obtained in stage c, and cooling before feeding the thus obtained stream (42) of refrigerant to a phase separator (43) to separate the gaseous stream (8) of refrigerant and a second liquid refrigerant stream (16); Стадия f: пропускание второго жидкого потока (16) хладагента, полученного на стадии е, через теплообменник (2) от второго входного отверстия (17) до выходного отверстия (19), за которым полученный таким образом поток хладагента дросселируют, при этом, температура Т2 в указанном выходном отверстии (19) выше Т1, и при этом такова, что в результате указанного дросселирования газообразная фракция составляет менее 20%, предпочтительно, менее 10%;Stage f: passing the second liquid stream (16) of the refrigerant obtained in stage e through the heat exchanger (2) from the second inlet (17) to the outlet (19), after which the thus obtained refrigerant stream is throttled, while the temperature T2 in said outlet (19) above T1, and wherein such a throttling results in a gaseous fraction of less than 20%, preferably less than 10%; Стадия g: пропускание газообразного потока (8) хладагента, полученного на стадии е, через теплообменник (2) от третьего входного отверстия (9) до выходного отверстия (11) с температурой Т3, которая представляет собой самую низкую температуру указанного теплообменника (2), для получения сжиженного потока (12), а затем, дросселирование полученного таким образом потока;Stage g: passing a gaseous stream of refrigerant (8) obtained in stage e through a heat exchanger (2) from the third inlet (9) to the outlet (11) with a temperature T3, which is the lowest temperature of said heat exchanger (2), to obtain a liquefied stream (12), and then, throttling the thus obtained stream; Стадия h: пропускание потока (14), полученного на стадии g, через теплообменник (2) от входного отверстия (15) с температурой Т3 до выходного отверстия (34) с температурой, приблизительно равной температуре Т2;Stage h: passing the stream (14) obtained in stage g through a heat exchanger (2) from the inlet (15) with a temperature T3 to the outlet (34) with a temperature approximately equal to the temperature T2; Стадия i: смешивание потока хладагента, полученного на стадии h, с потоком хладагента, полученным на стадии f, затем, пропускание этой смеси (22) через теплообменник (2) от входного отверстия (23) с температурой, приблизительно равной Т2, до выходного отверстия (24) с температурой, приблизительно равной Т1;Stage i: mixing the refrigerant stream obtained in stage h with the refrigerant stream obtained in stage f, then passing this mixture (22) through the heat exchanger (2) from the inlet (23) with a temperature approximately equal to T2 to the outlet (24) with a temperature approximately equal to T1; Стадия j: смешивание потока хладагента, полученного на стадии i, с потоком хладагента, полученным на стадии d, затем, пропускание этой смеси (31) через теплообменник (2) до выходного отверстия (33).Stage j: mixing the flow of the refrigerant obtained in stage i with the flow of the refrigerant obtained in stage d, then passing this mixture (31) through the heat exchanger (2) to the outlet (33). 2. Способ по предшествующему пункту, отличающийся тем, что поток охлаждающей смеси циркулирует в замкнутом контуре (7) охлаждения.2. The method according to the preceding paragraph, characterized in that the flow of the cooling mixture circulates in a closed cooling circuit (7). 3. Способ по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что он включает стадию, предшествующую стадии с, сжатия охлаждающей смеси, полученной на стадии b, и последующего охлаждения.3. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it includes a stage preceding stage c, compressing the cooling mixture obtained in stage b, and subsequent cooling. 4. Способ по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что Т1 составляет от -30°С до -50°С.4. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that T1 is from -30 ° C to -50 ° C. 5. Способ по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что Т2 составляет от -80°С до -110°С.5. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that T2 is from -80 ° C to -110 ° C. 6. Способ по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что Т3 составляет от -140°С до -170°С.6. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that T3 is from -140 ° C to -170 ° C. 7. Способ по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что поток (35) охлаждающей смеси содержит компоненты, выбранные из азота, метана, этилена, этана, бутана и пентана.7. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the stream (35) of the cooling mixture contains components selected from nitrogen, methane, ethylene, ethane, butane and pentane. 8. Способ по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что газообразный поток (8) хладагента, полученный на стадии е, содержит азот и метан.8. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the gaseous stream of refrigerant (8) obtained in stage e, contains nitrogen and methane. 9. Способ по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что в нем не используется насос.9. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it does not use a pump.
RU2016138301A 2015-11-10 2016-09-27 Method of optimization of natural gas liquefaction process RU2669072C2 (en)

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FR1560731A FR3043451B1 (en) 2015-11-10 2015-11-10 METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION
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