RU2015943C1 - Machine for packing articles into polymer film - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: packing equipment. SUBSTANCE: machine has body 1, film feed mechanism including unreeling devices 3 and 4 carrying film rolls 14 and 15, article feed mechanism 5 including air cylinder and article changeable holder 12 of U-shape, and mechanisms 6-8 for making end and side seams of bags. Mounted after mechanism 6 for formation end seams in direction of article motion on body 1 are mechanism 9 for prepressing of articles during welding and located under mechanism 9 mechanism 10 for shifting articles from zone of making end seams to zone of making side seams. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 8 cl, 20 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to packaging equipment, and in particular to machines for packaging soft, not having a clear form textile (sewing, knitting, woven, haberdashery, yarn, etc.) products.

 Known high-performance machines that automatically pack products or groups of products in plastic film by the method of full wrapping [1,2].

 The closest known to the invention is a machine for packaging products, mainly textile, in a polymer film, which contains a housing, a product feeding mechanism, a film feeding mechanism and mechanisms for the formation of butt and side seams of packages with welding pads [3].

 The packaging process on this machine is as follows. First, the ends of the film webs are stretched from two rolls and, using welding elements of the end seam formation mechanism, the front edges of future packages are welded. In this case, the free ends of the packet are cut off. Products are fed into the welding zone, while in the process of moving they are tightened with a film on top and bottom. The end seam formation mechanism is activated and the rear end seams of the package and the front end seams of the subsequent packaging are welded. At the same time, the packaging is cut off. After that, using the welding elements of the mechanism for the formation of side seams, the packaging is welded on the sides. Thus, the product bag is closed around the perimeter.

 The disadvantage of this machine is the low quality of packaging of textile products, which is due to the following.

 When packing textile products, they usually arrive at the sorting and packaging conveyor with 10–20 pieces out of band, i.e. tied with twine or glued with paper tape. The height of the bandaged product stack reaches 20-25 cm. The edges of the soft plastic film hanging from a high group of product stacks form folds and do not fall under the welding elements forming the side seams. It is required to increase the width of the film web, which leads to overuse of the film and to the underutilization of the package volume.

 The products are not pressed before welding both the end and side seams, so the remaining air does not allow stacking the packages to accumulate the lot before sending it to the warehouse or transport container.

 The machine does not have any devices and mechanisms to keep nearby and prevent falling high piles of products (for example, skeins of yarn), which tend to fall apart and fall under the welding elements of the side seam formation mechanism.

 The machine does not allow to receive a “chain” of two or three small packets, which is advisable to use for stable cross-laying of a high stack.

 The objective of the invention is to provide a machine for packaging textile products in a polymer film with high quality packaging.

 This problem is solved in that the machine for packaging products in a polymer film comprises a housing, a product feeding mechanism, a film feeding mechanism and mechanisms for forming butt and side seams of packages with welding pads, directly behind the mechanism for forming end welds in the direction of movement of the products on the housing mounted a mechanism for prepressing the products during the welding process and a step mechanism located underneath for shifting the products from the zone of formation of the end joints to the zone of formation of the side seams.

 Spring-loaded stops are mounted on the body, which serve to prevent the upper edge of the film from hanging down, as well as to fall apart the products when stacking them in stacks, with each stop kinematically connected to the corresponding mechanism for forming a side seam and mounted to move across the welding pads of this mechanism.

 The formation of wrinkles on the film, which impedes the quality of the welds when packing bulk textile products, is reduced due to the fact that the product feeding mechanism includes a pneumatic cylinder and a removable U-shaped product holder, while the side walls of the holder are equipped with U-shaped film extenders with L-shaped levers mounted with the ability to interact with spring-loaded stops when moving the holder.

 The welding pads of the butt weld formation mechanism are kinematically connected along the edges by two infinite flexible links, while on the lower block there are two nichrome strips in parallel, and between them there is a longitudinal channel with holes for supplying compressed air, a nichrome wire is fixed on the upper block, and above it longitudinal groove for communication with exhaust ventilation system.

 The welding pads of the mechanisms for the formation of side seams are equipped with protective tapes made of heat-resistant varnish, while on the upper pads the tapes are sagged, and on the lower pads they are tensioned by springs above the nichrome strips without touching them.

 The step mechanism of the product shift includes a table-base fixed on racks with longitudinal grooves, lifting wedges located under the table, connected to lifting wedges and with racks parallel to the rocker arms and fork elements arranged to move along the table grooves with them.

 Moreover, the lifting wedges can be arranged in pairs along the table, and the fork elements can be made integral from the sleeve and the shank, while the shank of one fork element is placed in the sleeve of the other, which allows you to get a "chain" of packages.

 When packing high-volume textile products, the step-by-step mechanism for shifting the products contains a table-base pivotally connected by four rocker arms and a pneumatic cylinder to the body, and the pressing mechanism comprises a pressing plate mounted for movement in the vertical plane and when interacting through the products with the base table in the horizontal plane .

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a machine for packaging textile products in a polymer film; in FIG. 2 - mechanism for the formation of butt joints of packages; in FIG. 3 - welding pads of the mechanism of formation of butt welds, cross section; in FIG. 4 is a step-by-step mechanism for shifting products from the zone of formation of butt welds to the zone of formation of side welds, the first option in the initial position; in FIG. 5 - the same, during a direct course; in FIG. 6 - the same during the return stroke; in FIG. 7 - mechanisms of the formation of side seams, the mechanism of prepressing products, step shear mechanism, movable spring-loaded stops, all in the initial position; in FIG. 8 - the same, during the formation of the side seams of the package while pressing the products; in FIG. 9 - upper and lower welding pads of the mechanisms of formation of side seams; in FIG. 10 - the rod of the pneumatic cylinder of the mechanism for supplying products to the welding zone with a removable product holder equipped with film spreaders and rotary levers; in FIG. 11 is a movable spring-loaded stop supporting the upper edge of the film and protecting the high stacks of products from falling apart during a step shift; in FIG. 12 and 13 - positions I-YII sequentially packaging operations of groups of textile products in the first embodiment of the stepping mechanism of the shift of products, when you can get both separate packages and a "chain" of two packages; in FIG. 14 is a second embodiment of a structural embodiment of a stepper shear mechanism of packaged products; in FIG. 15 - a package of polymer film with packaged textile products; in FIG. 16 - a separate package is schematically shown on the left, and a “chain” of two packages on the right; in FIG. 17 - positions I-YII sequentially packing operations of groups of textile products in the second embodiment of the structural design of the stepping mechanism of the shift of products; in FIG. 18 is a third embodiment of a stepwise shear mechanism of packaged products and a prepress mechanism with a pressing plate movable in vertical and horizontal planes used in packaging high-volume elastic textile products; in FIG. 19 - the same, during a shift to the zone of formation of the side seams of the film package; in FIG. 20 - positions I-YI sequentially operations on packaging products in the third embodiment of the structural step of the shear mechanism of the packaged products and with a prepress mechanism with a movable pressing plate in the vertical and horizontal planes.

 A machine for packing textile products into a polymer film comprises a housing 1, a pneumatic-electric control system 2, a film feeding mechanism including mechanisms 3 and 4 of unwinding film rolls, a product feeding mechanism 5, end seam formation mechanism 6, side seam formation mechanisms 7 and 8, a mechanism 9 prepressing products, a stepping mechanism 10 of the shift products, packaging table 11, quick-change holder 12 products. On the front panel of the packaging table 11 is a button remote control 13 for controlling the operation of the machine. Rolls 14 and 15 with a film are installed on mechanisms 3 and 4 of unwinders. The rollers 16 are intended for guiding the film webs to the mechanism of the formation of butt welds forming a curtain 17 with a seam in front of the removable holder 12 of the product. A set of two or three interchangeable holders of 12 products makes it possible to rationally stack products of different sizes, to exclude incomplete loading of the package and, as a result, an overspending of the plastic film.

 The end weld formation mechanism (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) contains the upper 18 and lower 19 welding pads, which are kinematically connected by two endless roller-roller chains 20. At the ends of the welding pads 18 and 19, anti-friction bushings 21 are pivotally mounted, sliding along vertical parallel to each other guide axles 22.

 In the center of the upper block 18, a ball hinge 23 is mounted, transmitting movement from the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 24 to this block, and from it, through the chain 20, to the lower block 19. The pads move towards each other, while the independence of the upper and lower blocks 18, 19 relative to each other other and uniform specific pressure along the entire length of the pads.

 Two nichrome heating strips 25 are mounted on the bottom block 19, while a longitudinal channel 26 is made in the block with a number of holes 27 at the top and a fitting 28 for supplying compressed air. In the upper welding block 18, a nichrome wire 29 is stretched in the middle along the entire length, over which a longitudinal groove 30 is made, connected by channels to the pipes 31 of the local ventilation system. Both nozzles 31 are connected to a hollow tee 32, rigidly connected to the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 24 and the fifth ball joint 23. The tee 32 is connected to a flexible hose 33, which is connected either to an individual exhaust fan or to exhaust ventilation to remove smoke, hot air and combustion waste polyethylene.

 Nichrome wire 29 serves to cut the film between two lines of welding of the butt weld. Switching current power is supplied according to a program determined by the machine control system, which allows the machine operator to easily switch operating modes in which each packet is automatically cut, or every second or every third packet. A rigid connection of the tee 32 with the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 24 eliminates the influence of the flexible hose 33 on the skew of the welding pads 18 and 19, which are in the upper (initial) position. On the upper block 18, elastic strips 35 of silicone rubber are glued along its entire length, which are covered by a heat-resistant varnish cloth 36, which prevents softened hot polymer from sticking to the blocks. On the side of the upper block 18, facing the prepress mechanism, a fuse 37 is located to prevent textiles from getting under the welding blocks 18 and 19 at the time of their oncoming movement.

 Presented in FIG. 4, 5 and 6, the design of the stepping product shear mechanism according to the first embodiment is designed to displace the product block that is wrapped with film after welding of the butt weld into the weld zone of the side seams and to simultaneously increase the distance between the previous (closed from 4 sides) package 38 and the next ( closed on both sides by end seams) bandaged unit of 39 products. The shift of block 39 is necessary because there is a small, structurally determined distance between the welding pads of the end seam formation mechanism and the side seam formation mechanisms, and if there is no block shear in this section, the side seams will not be welded, which will lead to a leak in the bag, since both sides of the package will remain holes.

 An increase in the distance between the finished bag 38 and the band-wound block 39, at which the side seams have not yet been welded, is necessary because otherwise, in the closely lying bag 38 and block 39, the film sections that form the end seams overlap each other and are welded to each other by mechanism pads the formation of side seams (see Fig. 12, pos. II, III, IY, Y). In FIG. 4-6, position 40, the dotted line shows the jumper between the packets, which is formed if the machine operates in a mode in which every second packet is cut, i.e. when a “chain” of two packets is formed.

 The step shear mechanism (in Fig. 4-6) has a base table 41, on which the product block is wrapped with film and the package is welded from all sides; racks 42; movable in the vertical plane lifting wedges 43 and 44; pivotally connected to the uprights 42 and wedges 43 and 44 parallel to the rocker arms 45; front 46 and rear 47 forks. The front fork 46 has a shank 48, which is included in the sleeve 49 of the rear fork 47. At the end of the shank 48 there is a heel 50, which presses the sleeve 49 during the forward movement of the mechanism. The movement of the forks 46 and 47 from the pneumatic cylinder 51 is transmitted by the link 52. As the front 46, the rear forks 47 have transverse axes with rollers 53 interacting with the lifting wedges 43 and 44. The wedge 43 is approximately half the length of the wedge 44, so the front fork 46 is longer than the rear fork 47, which determines the extension of the previous and subsequent packages (package 38 and block 39). The front fork 46 has vertical teeth, and the rear 47 is horizontal, so the block 39 can be further displaced after the finished bag 38 if the jumper 40 is not cut. With the forward movement of the mechanism (Fig. 5), the rollers 53 move along the upper plane of the wedges 43, 44 and bring the forks 46 and 47 above the plane of the base table 41, which, in turn, move the packet 38 and the block 39 forward. 6) the rollers 53 move along the lower plane of the raised wedges 43 and 44 and return the forks 46 and 47 to their original position.

 Both mechanisms of the formation of side seams of the package are the same and are located symmetrically against each other (see Fig. 7, 8). Each mechanism contains upper 54 and lower 55 hinged parallelograms kinematically connected to each other by a pneumatic cylinder 56. Racks 57 of parallelograms are equipped with stops 58 and 59, which determine the position of the upper 60 and lower 61 welding pads in the initial position (Fig. 7) or at the time of welding ( Fig. 8). The upper block 60 is mounted on the axis 62 (Fig. 9), and the lower one is rigidly mounted on the bracket 63, therefore, at the time of welding, the blocks are self-mounted relative to each other and the specific pressure is equalized along the entire length, which is important for the quality of welding. A nichrome strip 66 is fixed on the bottom block 61, between two terminal current-carrying clamps 64 and 65. A heat-resistant varnish-cloth tape is stretched between the two brackets 67 and 68 by the spring 69 above the strip 66 without touching it. On the upper block 60 there is a layer of silicone rubber, which is also protected by heat-resistant varnish cloth tape 71. The tape 71 is not stretched, but rather suspended with sagging, and the sagging can be both along the block (see Fig. 9) and across the block (see Fig. 7). Such a design with sagging heat-resistant tape provides better conditions for the heat-resistant tapes 70 and 71 to stick (or peel off) from the hot, softened after welding layer of the polymer film without causing the latter to break, especially if the film is thinner than 60 microns. Each of the mechanisms for the formation of a side seam using a rod 72 is pivotally connected to a movable spring-loaded stop 73 (Figs. 11, 7, 8). The emphasis 73 is a connecting rod of a four-link articulated lever mechanism, on which one end a figured bar 74 is fixed. The bar 74 is configured in such a way that it supports both the top layer of the polymer film and the high stacks of textiles, preventing them from falling to one side under welding pads 60 and 61. In the initial position (Figs. 7 and 11), the spring 75 extends the stop to the center of the table 41. At the moment of closure of the blocks 60 and 61, the rod 72 moves the stop 73 from the center of the table 41 beyond the welding line (Fig. 8).

 The movement of the movable stops 73 to the sides of the center of the table 41 at the initial position of the welding mechanisms of the side seams is carried out by a removable product holder 12 (Fig. 10), the side walls of which are equipped with U-shaped film extenders 76, bearing articulated L-shaped levers 77. Film straighteners 76 do not allow wrinkles to form, which impede the production of a high-quality side seam, and the L-shaped levers 77 take on the load to move the spring-loaded stops apart instead of a curtain of film 73. When the holder moves backward, 12 L-shaped ychagi turn interacts with a shaped rod 74, and by gravity returned to the original position. The holder 12 of the products has a U-shape, so the products to be packaged are stacked on the packaging table 11.

 The prepress mechanism 9 (Fig. 7, 8) is, according to the first design option, a powerful pneumatic cylinder which is fixedly mounted on the machine body 1 with a pressing plate 78 fixed to its rod.

 The operation of the machine in the first embodiment of the designs of the stepping shear mechanism and the prepress mechanism of the packaged products is carried out in the following sequence (Fig. 12-13, pos. I-YIII).

 In the initial position of the product holder 12, the textile products are manually stacked in it. Next, the operator turns on the machine manually by pressing the "Start" button, or by turning on the toggle switch puts the work in automatic mode, when the cycle is repeated without operator intervention. The operator only puts the product in the holder 12 with the product moves the pneumatic cylinder into the transverse welding zone, while pushing the curtain of film 17 forward and already closed on all sides of the package 38 (pos. 11, Fig. 12). The plate 78 of the prepress mechanism 9 is lowered, the products are strongly pressed, the holder 12 is retracted, after which the welding pads 18 and 19 of the end seam formation mechanism are closed. With the simultaneous pressing of the products (Fig. 12, pos. III), the butt weld, the length of the film heated by the chrome wire 29 are welded, and the longitudinal channel 26 and groove 30 are blown with compressed air (to remove smoke).

 After the purge is completed, the pressing plate 78 returns to its upper initial position and the stepping shift mechanism 10 starts to work. The finished bag 38 is removed from under the pressure zone of the pressing plate 78, and the unit 39 wrapped in the transverse welding zone is lifted by the rear fork 47 and transferred to the welding zone of the side seams (pos. IY, Figs. 12 and 7). Next, the block 39 of the products is again first pressed by a plate 78 (pos. Y of Fig. 13), after which the welding pads 60 and 61 of the welding mechanisms of the side seams converge and welding begins (pos. YII of Fig. 13, 8). After welding of the longitudinal seams is completed, the welding pads are bred to their original position, and two finished bags remain on the base table 41. During the time that the seams are welded, the operator manages to fill the holder with new products. The length of the base table is chosen so that it can accommodate two ready-made packages of the largest length. The described combination of the structures of the prepress mechanism and the shear mechanism allows the machine to be used in those areas of work where the package length during the shift repeatedly changes by about two times due to the packaging of different-sized products coming through the conveyor, and there is also a need to receive separate packages as and a "chain" of two packages.

 In case it is supposed to use the machine on a conveyor with relatively stable and large packets and when there is no need to get a “chain” of packets, then the second design variant of the stepping shear mechanism shown in FIG. 14.

 On the base table 79, racks 80 are fixed, to which one pair of lifting wedges 82 are pivotally connected using parallel rocker arms 81. The movable fork 83 is rigidly connected to the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 84 and to the transverse axis 85 on which the rollers 86 are mounted.

 In the direct course of the shear mechanism, the rod is retracted into the pneumatic cylinder 84, the rollers 86 rise along the wedge 82, raising the fork 83 above the plane of the table 79, due to which the product block moves to the welding position of the side seams. During the reverse stroke of the shear mechanism, the rod is pushed out of the pneumatic cylinder, moving the rollers 86, along the strut 80 and raising the wedge 82, so the fork 83 returns to its original position without protruding above the table 79. The path (path) of the center of the roller 86 around the wedge 82 is shown in FIG. . 14 dotted arrows.

 The difference in the operation of the machine equipped with the second embodiment of the stepper shear mechanism is that the finished package 38 collides with the holder 12 from the table 79 immediately when a new block of packaged products is fed into the weld zone of the butt weld (pos. 11 of Fig. 17).

 In FIG. 15 shows a view of a bag made of a polymer film, wherein pos. 87 designates an end seam, pos. 88 - side seam, pos. 89 is a package label attached inside.

 If the machine is supposed to pack especially bulky products, the block of which, when freely laid, exceeds the size of the replaced holder 12, but can be manually tightly packed into it, fed into the welding zone and pressed, then the third version of the design of the shear mechanism and mechanism is installed on the machine prepress movable not only in the vertical, but also in the horizontal plane of the pressing plate (Fig. 18 and 19). In this embodiment, the machine packs the block of the end seam into the polymer film until the welding of the side seams is completed.

 The stepping mechanism of the shift of the packaged products according to the third embodiment includes a movable table-base 90 (Fig. 18, 19), pivotally connected by four rocker arms 91 and a pneumatic cylinder 92 with the body 1 of the machine.

 The mechanism for pressing the group of packaged products during welding of the butt and side seams consists of a powerful pneumatic cylinder 93, on the rod of which a carriage with rollers 94 and a platform 95 movable in the horizontal plane are mounted.

 The carriage with rollers 94 and the platform 95 together form a pressing plate movable in the vertical and horizontal planes.

 From turning around the vertical axis of the pneumatic cylinder 93, the pressing plate is protected by a vertical rod (not shown) rigidly connected to the carriage, which enters the hole on the machine body parallel to the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 93. Guide plates 96 are attached to the platform 95, interacting with the rollers and holding the platform from arbitrary movements. A tension spring 97, connected at one end to the platform 95 and the other to the carriage 94, returns the platform 95 to its original position with the pneumatic cylinder rod 93 retracted.

 It should be noted that these two mechanisms (Figs. 18 and 19) can only work together with each other.

 The operation of the machine in this embodiment of the shear mechanism and the prepress mechanism is as follows (Fig. 20, item I-YI). In the initial position to the beginning of the cycle on the table 90 is already ready closed bag with products (pos. I of Fig. 20). When the holder 12 feeds a new group of packaged products from the movable table 90, the product bag is simultaneously dropped (pos. II).

 It should be noted that to facilitate the dropping of the finished package at the edge of the movable table to the bend point, rollers, nozzles for supplying compressed air forming an air cushion between the package and the table, or other similar means can be installed. The pressing plate is lowered, the product holder is retracted, the welding pads are lowered and the welding of the butt weld begins. At the end of welding, a film segment is blown and purge (pos. III) of smoke residues with compressed air is performed. After that, the welding pads diverge and the pneumatic cylinder 92 of the shift mechanism shifts the table 90 from the left position to the right. Due to the frictional forces between the table 90, the block with the products and the moving platform 95, the latter also moves to the right, overcoming the resistance of the spring 97. In this case, the block with the products moves from the weld zone of the end seam to the weld zone of two side seams. The pressure of the pneumatic cylinder 92 prevents the elastic bulk textiles from slipping out from under the platform 95 and getting them into the space between the pads for welding the side seams (pos. IY, Fig. 20).

 Next is the welding of the side seams, endurance, the return of the welding pads of the side seams to their original position. After exposure, the pressing mechanism is the last to return to its original position so that the welds have time to cool and fix, otherwise the straightened products may break the seams.

Claims (8)

 1. MACHINE FOR PACKING PRODUCTS IN POLYMER FILM, mainly textile, containing a housing, a product feeding mechanism, a film feeding mechanism and mechanisms for forming butt and side seams of packages with welding pads, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for pressing the products during welding, mounted behind the mechanism for the formation of butt welds in the direction of movement of the products, and located under it a stepping mechanism for shifting products from the zone of formation of butt welds to the zone of formation of side seams.  2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring-loaded stops are fixed on the body to prevent the upper edge of the film from hanging down, as well as to fall apart the products when stacking them in piles, each stop being kinematically connected with a corresponding mechanism for forming a side seam and installed with the possibility moving across the welding pads of this mechanism.  3. The machine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the product feeding mechanism includes a pneumatic cylinder and a removable U-shaped product holder, while U-shaped film spreaders with L-shaped levers mounted with the possibility of interaction are mounted on the side walls of the holder with spring-loaded stops when moving the holder.  4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the welding pads of the butt weld formation mechanism are kinematically connected along the edges by two infinite flexible links, while on the bottom block there are two nichrome strips parallel to them, and between them there is a longitudinal channel with holes for supplying compressed air , a nichrome wire is fixed on the upper block, and a longitudinal groove is made above it for communication with the exhaust ventilation system.  5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the welding pads of the mechanism for the formation of side seams are equipped with protective tapes of heat-resistant varnish, while on the upper pads the tapes are sagged, and the lower pads are tensioned by springs above the nichrome strips without touching them.  6. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the step mechanism for shifting the products includes a table-base with longitudinal grooves fixedly mounted on the racks, lifting wedges located under the table, connected to the lifting wedges and with the racks parallel to the rocker arms and placed in the grooves of the table with the ability to move forked elements along them.  7. The machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the lifting wedges are arranged in pairs along the table, and the fork elements are made up of a sleeve and a shank, while the shank of one fork element is placed in the sleeve of another.  8. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the step mechanism for shifting the products comprises a base table pivotally connected by four rocker arms and a pneumatic cylinder to the housing, and the prepress mechanism is a pressing plate mounted with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane and when interacting through the products with base table - in the horizontal plane.

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