RU2014107781A - POLYURETHANES BASED ON SUGARS, METHODS FOR PRODUCING THEM AND METHODS FOR THEIR APPLICATION - Google Patents

POLYURETHANES BASED ON SUGARS, METHODS FOR PRODUCING THEM AND METHODS FOR THEIR APPLICATION Download PDF

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RU2014107781A
RU2014107781A RU2014107781A RU2014107781A RU2014107781A RU 2014107781 A RU2014107781 A RU 2014107781A RU 2014107781 A RU2014107781 A RU 2014107781A RU 2014107781 A RU2014107781 A RU 2014107781A RU 2014107781 A RU2014107781 A RU 2014107781A
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polyurethane foam
flame retardant
aqueous solution
polyol
polyurethane
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Джозеф МУНИ
Томас РАТКЕ
Чарльз ВАЛЕНТАЙН
Дуглас СВЕНСОН
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Империал Шугар Ко.
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/16—Catalysts
    • C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
    • C08G18/1833—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof having ether, acetal, or orthoester groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3225—Polyamines
    • C08G18/3246—Polyamines heterocyclic, the heteroatom being oxygen or nitrogen in the form of an amino group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3271—Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3275—Hydroxyamines containing two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/50—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
    • C08G18/5021—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
    • C08G18/5024—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing primary and/or secondary amino groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/06—Organic materials
    • C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
    • C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

1. Огнестойкая полиуретановая пена, содержащая:первую реакционную смесь, содержащую полиизоцианат, ивторую реакционную смесь, содержащую:природный полиол, в котором по существу все гидроксильные группы на полиоле свободны;изоцианат;поверхностно-активное вещество;водное вспенивающее средство икатализатор образования полиуретана.2. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что природный полиол выбран из группы, состоящей из сахарозы, фруктозы, глюкозы, ксилозы, кукурузной патоки, декстрозы и мелассы.3. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая огнестойкую добавку или пластификатор.4. Полиуретановая пена по п. 3, отличающаяся тем, что огнестойкая добавка представляет собой фосфатное соединение.5. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая эмульгатор.6. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, характеризующаяся плотностью в диапазоне от приблизительно 0,5 фунтов/футдо приблизительно 5,0 фунтов/фути демонстрирующая процентное значение содержания современного углерода (pМС) в диапазоне от приблизительно 10% до приблизительно 50%, определяемое согласно ASTM-D6866-11.7. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что вспененный продукт по существу не содержит углеводороды.8. Способ получения огнестойкой полиуретановой пены, включающий:a. смешивание необработанного природного полиола, в котором по существу все гидроксильные группы свободны, поверхностно-активного вещества, катализатора образования полиуретана и воды с образованием первого водного раствора,b. добавление в смесь первого водного раствора второго раствора, содержащего полиизоцианат; иc. обеспечение вспенивания смеси.9. Способ по п. 8, дополнительно предусматривающий добавление1. Fire-resistant polyurethane foam containing: a first reaction mixture containing a polyisocyanate, and a second reaction mixture containing: a natural polyol in which essentially all hydroxyl groups on the polyol are free; isocyanate; surfactant; aqueous foaming agent and polyurethane formation catalyst . The polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural polyol is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, fructose, glucose, xylose, corn syrup, dextrose and molasses. 3. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, further comprising a flame retardant or plasticizer. 4. The polyurethane foam according to claim 3, characterized in that the flame retardant additive is a phosphate compound. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, further comprising an emulsifier. 6. The polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized by a density in the range of from about 0.5 pounds / feet to about 5.0 pounds / feet, showing a percentage of modern carbon (pMS) in the range of from about 10% to about 50%, determined according to ASTM- D6866-11.7. The polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foamed product essentially does not contain hydrocarbons. A method for producing flame retardant polyurethane foam, comprising: a. mixing an untreated natural polyol in which essentially all hydroxyl groups are free of a surfactant, a polyurethane formation catalyst and water to form a first aqueous solution, b. adding a second solution containing a polyisocyanate to the mixture of the first aqueous solution; c. ensuring foaming of the mixture. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising adding

Claims (20)

1. Огнестойкая полиуретановая пена, содержащая:1. Fire-resistant polyurethane foam containing: первую реакционную смесь, содержащую полиизоцианат, иa first reaction mixture containing a polyisocyanate, and вторую реакционную смесь, содержащую:a second reaction mixture containing: природный полиол, в котором по существу все гидроксильные группы на полиоле свободны;a natural polyol in which essentially all hydroxyl groups on the polyol are free; изоцианат;isocyanate; поверхностно-активное вещество;surface-active substance; водное вспенивающее средство иwater blowing agent and катализатор образования полиуретана.polyurethane formation catalyst. 2. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что природный полиол выбран из группы, состоящей из сахарозы, фруктозы, глюкозы, ксилозы, кукурузной патоки, декстрозы и мелассы.2. The polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural polyol is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, fructose, glucose, xylose, corn syrup, dextrose and molasses. 3. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая огнестойкую добавку или пластификатор.3. The polyurethane foam according to claim 1, additionally containing a flame retardant additive or plasticizer. 4. Полиуретановая пена по п. 3, отличающаяся тем, что огнестойкая добавка представляет собой фосфатное соединение.4. The polyurethane foam according to claim 3, characterized in that the flame retardant additive is a phosphate compound. 5. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая эмульгатор.5. The polyurethane foam according to claim 1, further containing an emulsifier. 6. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, характеризующаяся плотностью в диапазоне от приблизительно 0,5 фунтов/фут3 до приблизительно 5,0 фунтов/фут3 и демонстрирующая процентное значение содержания современного углерода (pМС) в диапазоне от приблизительно 10% до приблизительно 50%, определяемое согласно ASTM-D6866-11.6. The polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized by a density in the range from about 0.5 pounds / ft 3 to about 5.0 pounds / ft 3 and showing a percentage of modern carbon (pMS) in the range from about 10% to about 50 % determined according to ASTM-D6866-11. 7. Полиуретановая пена по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что вспененный продукт по существу не содержит углеводороды.7. The polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the foamed product essentially does not contain hydrocarbons. 8. Способ получения огнестойкой полиуретановой пены, включающий:8. A method of obtaining a flame retardant polyurethane foam, including: a. смешивание необработанного природного полиола, в котором по существу все гидроксильные группы свободны, поверхностно-активного вещества, катализатора образования полиуретана и воды с образованием первого водного раствора,a. mixing an untreated natural polyol in which essentially all hydroxyl groups are free, of a surfactant, a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane and water to form a first aqueous solution, b. добавление в смесь первого водного раствора второго раствора, содержащего полиизоцианат; иb. adding a second solution containing a polyisocyanate to the mixture of the first aqueous solution; and c. обеспечение вспенивания смеси.c. providing foaming of the mixture. 9. Способ по п. 8, дополнительно предусматривающий добавление огнестойкой добавки или пластификатора в первый водный раствор, второй водный раствор или в оба раствора.9. The method of claim 8, further comprising adding a flame retardant additive or plasticizer to the first aqueous solution, the second aqueous solution, or both. 10. Способ по п. 9, отличающийся тем, что огнестойкую добавку или пластификатор добавляют как в первый раствор, так и во второй раствор.10. The method according to p. 9, characterized in that the flame retardant additive or plasticizer is added to both the first solution and the second solution. 11. Способ по п. 8, отличающийся тем, что не содержащее галоген вспенивающее средство добавляют в раствор природного полиола.11. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the halogen-free blowing agent is added to the solution of the natural polyol. 12. Способ по п .8, дополнительно предусматривающий добавление эмульгатора в первый водный раствор.12. The method of claim 8, further comprising adding an emulsifier to the first aqueous solution. 13. Способ получения вспененной водой полиуретановой пены низкой плотности, включающий:13. A method of producing a low density polyurethane foam with foamed water, including: приведение в контакт по меньшей мере одного полиизоцианата с изоцианатным индексом 70-200 с по меньшей мере одним природным полиолом в присутствии композиции вспенивающего средства, содержащей по меньшей мере 5 масс. % воды, и эффективного количества композиции катализатора, содержащей катализатор загустевания и катализатор вспенивания, в течение периода времени, достаточного для получения полиуретановой пены,contacting at least one polyisocyanate with an isocyanate index of 70-200 with at least one natural polyol in the presence of a foaming agent composition containing at least 5 mass. % water, and an effective amount of a catalyst composition comprising a thickening catalyst and a foaming catalyst for a period of time sufficient to produce a polyurethane foam, причем пена характеризуется плотностью от 0,3 фунта/фут3 до 5 фунтов/фут3 (6 кг/м3-80 кг/м3).moreover, the foam is characterized by a density of from 0.3 lbs / ft 3 to 5 pounds / ft 3 (6 kg / m 3 -80 kg / m 3 ). 14. Способ по п. 13, дополнительно предусматривающий добавление углеводородного вспенивающего средства.14. The method of claim 13, further comprising adding a hydrocarbon blowing agent. 15. Способ по п. 13, дополнительно предусматривающий добавление изменяющего структуру или функции химического вещества, выбранного из группы, состоящей из удлинителей цепи, эмульгаторов, неорганических соединений и их комбинаций.15. The method of claim 13, further comprising adding a structure or function-changing chemical selected from the group consisting of chain extenders, emulsifiers, inorganic compounds, and combinations thereof. 16. Способ по п. 13, отличающийся тем, что природный полиол выбирают из группы, состоящей из сахарозы, кукурузной патоки, декстрозы, фруктозы, глюкозы, мелассы и их комбинаций.16. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the natural polyol is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, corn syrup, dextrose, fructose, glucose, molasses and combinations thereof. 17. Способ по п. 13, дополнительно предусматривающий добавление наполнителя.17. The method according to p. 13, further comprising adding a filler. 18. Способ по п.13, дополнительно предусматривающий добавление красителя.18. The method according to item 13, further comprising adding dye. 19. Способ по п.13, дополнительно предусматривающий добавление средства, снижающего статический заряд.19. The method according to item 13, further comprising adding a means of reducing static charge. 20. Способ по п. 13, дополнительно предусматривающий добавление глицерина. 20. The method according to p. 13, further comprising adding glycerol.
RU2014107781A 2012-07-30 2012-07-30 Sugar-based polyurethanes, methods of their obtaining and application RU2629020C2 (en)

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