RU2014106698A - HELIUM EXTRACTION FROM NATURAL GAS FLOWS - Google Patents

HELIUM EXTRACTION FROM NATURAL GAS FLOWS Download PDF

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RU2014106698A
RU2014106698A RU2014106698/05A RU2014106698A RU2014106698A RU 2014106698 A RU2014106698 A RU 2014106698A RU 2014106698/05 A RU2014106698/05 A RU 2014106698/05A RU 2014106698 A RU2014106698 A RU 2014106698A RU 2014106698 A RU2014106698 A RU 2014106698A
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stream
gas
helium
natural gas
product
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RU2606223C2 (en
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Расселл Х. Элфке
Дональд ВИКТОРИ
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Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0685—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases
    • F25J3/069—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases of helium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B23/00—Noble gases; Compounds thereof
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    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/028—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases
    • F25J3/029—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases of helium
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/50—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using absorption, i.e. with selective solvents or lean oil, heavier CnHm and including generally a regeneration step for the solvent or lean oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/66—Separating acid gases, e.g. CO2, SO2, H2S or RSH
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/32—Compression of the product stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
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    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/40—Control of freezing of components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

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Abstract

1. Способ извлечения гелия из природного газа (LNG), включающий этапы, на которых:пропускают поток сжатого природного газа через холодильную камеру для конденсации жидкостей;дозируют охлажденный поток в колонну криогенной отгонки;извлекают сырой гелиевый продукт из верхней части колонны криогенной отгонки; иизвлекают поток жидкого продукта из нижней части колонны криогенной отгонки, при котором температурой в холодильной камере управляют путем:мгновенного испарения первой части потока жидкого продукта в холодильную камеру для образования первого потока дроссельного газа;мгновенного испарения второй части потока жидкого продукта в холодильную камеру для образования второго потока дроссельного газа; иуправляют отношением первой части ко второй части для регулирования температуры в холодильной камере.2. Способ по п. 1, включающий этап, на котором сырой гелиевый продукт пропускают через холодильную камеру для дополнительного охлаждения.3. Способ по п. 1, включающий этап, на котором сырой гелиевый продукт пропускают через криогенный концентратор для повышения концентрации гелия.4. Способ по п. 1, включающий этапы, на которых:сжимают первый поток дроссельного газа так, чтобы егодавление по существу соответствовало давлению второго потока дроссельного газа;объединяют первый поток дроссельного газа и второй поток дроссельного газа для образования объединенного потока; исжимают объединенный поток для образования потока продукта.5. Способ по п. 1, включающий этап, на котором создают поток продукта, содержащий низкокалорийный природный газ.6. Способ по п. 5, включающий этап, на котором из потока продукта генерирую�1. A method of extracting helium from natural gas (LNG), comprising the steps of: passing a stream of compressed natural gas through a refrigerating chamber to condense liquids; metering the cooled stream into the cryogenic stripping column; recovering the crude helium product from the top of the cryogenic stripping column; and withdrawing a liquid product stream from the bottom of the cryogenic stripping column, wherein the temperature in the refrigerating chamber is controlled by: flashing the first portion of the liquid product stream into the refrigerating chamber to form a first throttling gas stream; flashing the second portion of the liquid product stream into the refrigerating chamber to form a second throttle gas flow; and controlling the ratio of the first portion to the second portion to control the temperature in the refrigerating compartment. 2. The method of claim 1, including the step of passing the crude helium product through a refrigeration chamber for additional cooling. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of passing the crude helium product through a cryogenic concentrator to increase the concentration of helium. The method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: compressing the first flow of throttle gas so that its pressure substantially corresponds to the pressure of the second flow of throttle gas; combining the first flow of throttle gas and the second stream of throttle gas to form a combined stream; compress the combined stream to form a product stream. 5. The method according to claim 1, including the step of creating a product stream containing low calorific value natural gas. The method according to claim 5, including the step of generating from the product stream

Claims (20)

1. Способ извлечения гелия из природного газа (LNG), включающий этапы, на которых:1. A method for extracting helium from natural gas (LNG), comprising the steps of: пропускают поток сжатого природного газа через холодильную камеру для конденсации жидкостей;passing a stream of compressed natural gas through a refrigerator to condense liquids; дозируют охлажденный поток в колонну криогенной отгонки;metering the cooled stream into a cryogenic distillation column; извлекают сырой гелиевый продукт из верхней части колонны криогенной отгонки; иthe crude helium product is recovered from the top of the cryogenic distillation column; and извлекают поток жидкого продукта из нижней части колонны криогенной отгонки, при котором температурой в холодильной камере управляют путем:extracting the liquid product stream from the lower part of the cryogenic distillation column, in which the temperature in the refrigerating chamber is controlled by: мгновенного испарения первой части потока жидкого продукта в холодильную камеру для образования первого потока дроссельного газа;instantaneous evaporation of the first part of the liquid product stream into the refrigerating chamber to form a first throttle gas stream; мгновенного испарения второй части потока жидкого продукта в холодильную камеру для образования второго потока дроссельного газа; иinstantaneous evaporation of the second part of the liquid product stream into the refrigerating chamber to form a second throttle gas stream; and управляют отношением первой части ко второй части для регулирования температуры в холодильной камере.control the ratio of the first part to the second part to control the temperature in the refrigerator. 2. Способ по п. 1, включающий этап, на котором сырой гелиевый продукт пропускают через холодильную камеру для дополнительного охлаждения.2. The method according to p. 1, comprising the stage at which the crude helium product is passed through a refrigerator for additional cooling. 3. Способ по п. 1, включающий этап, на котором сырой гелиевый продукт пропускают через криогенный концентратор для повышения концентрации гелия.3. The method according to p. 1, including the stage at which the crude helium product is passed through a cryogenic concentrator to increase the concentration of helium. 4. Способ по п. 1, включающий этапы, на которых:4. The method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: сжимают первый поток дроссельного газа так, чтобы егоcompress the first throttle gas stream so that it давление по существу соответствовало давлению второго потока дроссельного газа;the pressure substantially corresponded to the pressure of the second throttle gas stream; объединяют первый поток дроссельного газа и второй поток дроссельного газа для образования объединенного потока; иcombining a first throttle gas stream and a second throttle gas stream to form a combined stream; and сжимают объединенный поток для образования потока продукта.compress the combined stream to form a product stream. 5. Способ по п. 1, включающий этап, на котором создают поток продукта, содержащий низкокалорийный природный газ.5. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of creating a product stream containing low-calorie natural gas. 6. Способ по п. 5, включающий этап, на котором из потока продукта генерируют электроэнергию.6. The method according to claim 5, comprising the step of generating electricity from the product stream. 7. Способ по п. 1, включающий этап, на котором подают сырой гелиевый продукт по трубопроводу к потребителю.7. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of supplying the crude helium product through a pipeline to a consumer. 8. Система для извлечения гелия из потока природного газа, содержащая:8. A system for extracting helium from a natural gas stream, comprising: холодильную камеру, выполненную с возможностью охлаждать сырьевой поток;a refrigeration chamber configured to cool the feed stream; колонну криогенной отгонки, выполненную с возможностью разделять сырьевой поток на газовый верхний поток и жидкий нижний поток, при этом газовый верхний поток содержит повышенную концентрацию гелия; иa cryogenic distillation column configured to separate the feed stream into a gas upper stream and a liquid lower stream, wherein the gas upper stream contains an increased concentration of helium; and клапан Джоуля-Томпсона, выполненный с возможностью мгновенно испарять по меньшей мере часть жидкого нижнего потока в первый газовый поток, поступающий в теплообменник в холодильной камере для охлаждения сырьевого потока.a Joule-Thompson valve, configured to instantly vaporize at least a portion of the lower liquid stream into a first gas stream entering a heat exchanger in a refrigeration chamber to cool a feed stream. 9. Система по п. 8, включающая криогенную дистилляцию.9. The system of claim 8, including cryogenic distillation. 10. Система по п. 8, включающая криогенную дистилляцию Райана-Холмса.10. The system of claim 8, including cryogenic distillation of Ryan-Holmes. 11. Система по п. 8, включающая установку обработки теплого11. The system of claim 8, including the installation of processing warm газа.gas. 12. Система по п. 8, включающая концентратор гелия, при этом концентратор гелия содержит:12. The system of claim 8, comprising a helium concentrator, wherein the helium concentrator comprises: вторую холодильную камеру, выполненную с возможностью охлаждать поток верхнего газа из колонны криогенной отгонки для образования второго охлажденного потока;a second refrigeration chamber configured to cool the overhead gas stream from the cryogenic distillation column to form a second cooled stream; клапан Джоуля-Томпсона, выполненный с возможностью мгновенного испарения второго охлажденного потока для образования двухфазного потока; иa Joule-Thompson valve configured to instantly evaporate a second cooled stream to form a two-phase stream; and сепаратор, выполненный с возможностью разделять газообразный и жидкий компоненты двухфазного потока.a separator configured to separate the gaseous and liquid components of the two-phase flow. 13. Система по п. 8, включающая теплообменник продукта, выполненный с возможностью охлаждать потоки установки в установке криогенной очистки, используя холод от жидкого нижнего потока.13. The system of claim 8, comprising a product heat exchanger configured to cool the installation streams in a cryogenic treatment unit using cold from a lower liquid stream. 14. Система по п. 8, включающая второй клапан Джоуля-Томпсона, выполненный с возможностью мгновенного испарения второй части жидкого нижнего потока во второй газовый поток, при этом отношение расходов между первым клапаном Джоуля-Томпсона и вторым клапаном Джоуля-Томпсона используют для управления температурой холодильной камеры.14. The system of claim 8, comprising a second Joule-Thompson valve configured to instantly vaporize a second portion of the lower liquid stream into a second gas stream, wherein a flow ratio between the first Joule-Thompson valve and the second Joule-Thompson valve is used to control the temperature refrigerator compartment. 15. Система по п. 8, включающая компрессор, выполненный с возможностью повышать давление первого газового потока до товарного давления.15. The system of claim 8, comprising a compressor configured to increase the pressure of the first gas stream to a commodity pressure. 16. Система по п. 14, включающая компрессор, выполненный с возможностью повышать давление второго газового потока до соответствия давлению первого газового потока.16. The system of claim 14, comprising a compressor configured to increase the pressure of the second gas stream to match the pressure of the first gas stream. 17. Система по п. 8, включающая электростанцию, выполненную с возможностью сжигать низкокалорийный природный газ, содержащий по меньшей мере первый газовый поток.17. The system of claim 8, comprising a power plant configured to burn low calorific natural gas containing at least a first gas stream. 18. Способ применения низкокалорийного природного газа с месторождения, включающий этапы, на которых:18. A method of applying low-calorie natural gas from a field, comprising the steps of: добывают низкокалорийный природный газ из скважины;producing low-calorie natural gas from a well; осушают низкокалорийный природный газ для удаления по меньшей мере части водяного пара;dry low-calorie natural gas to remove at least a portion of the water vapor; удаляют по меньшей мере часть газового конденсата из низкокалорийного природного газа;removing at least a portion of the gas condensate from the low calorific natural gas; удаляют по меньшей мере часть кислых газов из низкокалорийного природного газа;remove at least a portion of the acid gases from low calorie natural gas; удаляют по меньшей мере часть гелия из низкокалорийного природного газа в колонне криогенной отгонки, при котором энергию для понижения температуры для удаления гелия берут от мгновенного испарения в холодильной камере по меньшей мере части продукта жидкого кубового остатка из колонны криогенной отгонки; иremoving at least a portion of the helium from the low-calorie natural gas in the cryogenic distillation column, in which the energy for lowering the temperature to remove helium is taken from instant evaporation in the refrigeration chamber of at least a portion of the liquid bottoms product from the cryogenic distillation column; and подают низкокалорийный природный газ потребителям.supply low-calorie natural gas to consumers. 19. Способ по п. 18, включающий этап, на котором регулируют температуру холодильной камеры, управляя отношением между двумя частями жидкого кубового остатка, каждый из которых подвергается мгновенному испарению, при этом одну часть мгновенно испаряют при первом давлении, а другую часть мгновенно испаряют при более низком давлении.19. The method according to p. 18, comprising the step of regulating the temperature of the refrigerating chamber by controlling the ratio between two parts of the liquid bottoms, each of which undergoes instant evaporation, while one part is instantly evaporated at the first pressure, and the other part is instantly evaporated at lower pressure. 20. Способ по п. 19, включающий этап, на котором извлекают дополнительную часть гелия из низкокалорийного природного газа, используя концентратор гелия. 20. The method according to p. 19, comprising the step of extracting an additional portion of helium from low-calorie natural gas using a helium concentrator.
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